超声波辅助破乳法回收石化罐底油泥中的原油

采用超声波辅助破乳法对安庆石化罐底油泥进行脱水处理,进而回收原油。考察了超声功率、水浴温度、超声时间、破乳剂加入量对油泥脱水率和原油回收率的影响。采用显微镜对处理前后的油泥内部结构进行表征。实验结果表明:在超声频率28 k Hz、超声功率70 W、水浴温度70℃、超声时间15 min、破乳剂加入量50μg/g的最佳超声波辅助破乳条件下,油泥脱水率和原油回收率分别为92.3%和98.5%,比没有超声波辅助的传统破乳法分别提高了25.7百分点和12.3百分点。表征结果显示,经超声波辅助破乳处理后,水滴的粒径和数量均明显减少,说明超声波辐射可有效地改善油泥的破乳效果。     

O／W型乳化液的处理

采用药剂破乳－电解破乳工艺处理Ｏ／Ｗ型乳化液，药剂破乳选用聚合硫酸铁为破乳剂，破乳时最佳ＰＨ为８，聚合硫酸铁的最佳投量为１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ，电解破乳选用铁作阳极，铝作阴极，电流密度０．８６Ａ／ｄｍ＾２，极距２５ｍｍ，电解时间３ｈ。在上述条件下，破乳效果良好，出水清澈透明，ＣＯＤ总去除率可达到９６－９７％。     

乳状液膜提取废汞触媒浸出液中的汞及 乳状液破乳

采用乳状液膜法分离提取废汞触媒浸出液中的Hg~(2+)。考察了影响乳状液膜体系分离富集汞的主要因素,并对分离提取后的乳液相进行了破乳研究。分离提取实验结果表明:乳状液膜体系的最佳配方为流动载体磷酸三丁酯体积分数10%、表面活性剂失水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯体积分数4%、膜溶剂磺化煤油体积分数86%、内水相HCl溶液浓度0.10mol/L、油相与内水相的体积比1∶1;在乳状液与外水相的体积比为1∶10的条件下Hg~(2+)提取率达78.50%。破乳实验结果表明:加热破乳、离心破乳、加热离心联合破乳3种方法的破乳率分别为29.0%,54.0%,85.7%;采用加热离心联合法破乳后,Hg~(2+)富集倍数达8.5。     

非常规气田含油采出水反相破乳剂及絮凝剂研究进展

在非常规天然气开采过程中会产生大量的含油采出水。本文以近年来国内外非常规气田含油采出水反相破乳剂、絮凝剂的相关研究为基础，对适用于水包油（O/W）型乳液的药剂进行了归纳和总结，综述了各种药剂的处理效果、破乳原理、适用体系及局限性，分析了未来非常规气田含油采出水处理药剂的发展趋势。指出，应加大对破乳-絮凝多功能复合药剂的研究，并推广应用于生产实践。     

稠油废水破乳剂的研究进展

介绍了稠油废水的来源、特点和乳化成因，综述了稠油废水破乳剂的研究进展，分析了不同破乳剂的破乳机理和优缺点，并对破乳剂的发展方向进行了展望和建议。     

有机硅改性破乳-絮凝剂在含油污水处理中的应用

采用破乳-絮凝法结合有机硅表面活性剂处理塔里木油田含油污水,以水样的油含量、Zeta电位、显微照片、界面张力为考察参数,得到一种新型水处理剂NP-22。NP-22为有机硅改性破乳-絮凝剂,其配方为破乳-絮凝剂YL-7和有机硅表面活性剂321的质量比95∶15。在NP-22加入量90 mg/L、反应温度45℃、沉降时间90min的优化条件下处理含油污水,水样的油含量由728.8 mg/L降至34.3 mg/L,除油率达95.3%。有机硅表面活性剂321可有效降低油水界面张力,与YL-7复合使用,可取得更好的除油效果。     

液膜分离法处理石灰法草浆纸厂废水

用乳状液膜法处理石灰法草浆纸厂废水,选择膜体系为T152-煤油-TOA-H2SO4.研究了膜体系的组成和工艺条件对COD去除率的影响.在试验条件下经一级处理COD去除率可达44%.采用低电压破乳,破乳后油相可重复使用.该方法具有处理成本低、无二次污染的优点.     

用高铁酸钾处理含聚合物的油田废水

目前，我国部分油田采用了聚合物(PAM)驱油的三次采油技术，取得了较好的增油效果。但是在PAM驱油废水的处理中，PAM驱油废水的水质与水驱油废水的水质有很大的差别。PAM驱油废水在：PAM存在下，其含油量和粘度随PAM浓度的增加而增加，PAM分子集中在油水界面上，与乳化剂分子一起形成较大强度和良好弹性的复合膜，W／O和O/W混合乳层加厚，在分离和电脱水过程中使得油水分离速度减慢，破乳剂破乳效果变差。采用常规处理工艺和水处理剂处理这种废水，达不到回注或排放标准(含油量小于10mg／L)。     

破乳-混凝-光催化氧化法处理废切削液

采用破乳—混凝—光催化氧化法处理废切削液。先用HNO3破乳;然后用聚硫酸铁(PFS)和阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)复合混凝废切削液,在废切削液pH=7.5、PFS加入量为1500mg/L、PAM加入量为8mg/L的条件下,混凝效果较好;在混凝后上层清液pH=3、H2O2加入量为60mg/L、FeSO4.7H2O加入量为700mg/L、H2O2分4次加入、紫外光照射6.5h的条件下,COD去除率达98.91%。     

用聚硅酸铁铝混凝剂处理炼油厂废水

研究了以煤矸石和硫酸烧来主要原料研制的聚硅酸铁铝（ＰＳＦＡ）混凝剂对炼油厂废水的絮凝作用及混凝剂种类、用量和体系ＰＨ对混凝效果的影响,试验结果表明,在工ＰＨ范围内,ＰＳＦＡ对炼油废水具有良好的混凝处理效果。与传统混产剂相比,它具有破乳性能好、投量少、滤饼含水率低、上清液透光性好的特点。     

液膜法处理含硝基酚废水试验研究

采用液膜法对含硝基酚废水进行了处理试验研究。对低浓度废水选取了适宜的工艺条件：油相中表面活性剂的质量分数为2％；内水相中NaOH的质量分数为2％；乳液中油相与内水相的质量比为2：1；外水相：pH为2；乳液与外水相的体积比为1：3。在进水总酚质量浓度分别为1050、6700mg／L的条件下，出水总硝基酚的去除率均高达99．9％以上，同时废水中的硝基苯和COD也有较好的去除效果。     

Effect of aluminum sulfate and cationic polyelectrolytes on the destabilization of emulsified wastes

Emulsified oil in wastewater constitutes a severe problem in the different treatment stages. Aluminum salts have been traditionally used as coagulants in wastewater treatments. Polyelectrolytes are used to coagulate and flocculate colloidal systems. The performance of aluminum sulfate in comparison to polyelectrolytes (chitosan and polyacrylamide) as conditioning chemicals for an emulsion waste was tested, and the predominant mechanisms acting in each case were analyzed. Turbidimetry, jar test, colloidal titration and microscopy were used to test emulsion destabilization. Both charge neutralization and bridge formation were identified and confirmed as mechanisms of interaction of polyelectrolytes with waste constitutents. Charge neutralization would be more important for chitosan than for polyacrylamide treatment. A coincidence between the doses necessary to reach zero colloidal charge and minimum turbidity was observed for polyelectrolytes. The time necessary to produce system clarification was larger for aluminum sulfate than for polyelectrolytes; this time was shortened for higher aluminum sulfate concentration. The pH showed a marked effect on aluminum sulfate performance with the optimum at pH 6; polyelectrolyte action was practically not affected by pH. Polyelectrolyte addition produced the minimum turbidity for the same doses that zero colloidal charge; at higher doses, emulsion was restabilized and became turbid again. However, aluminum sulfate treatment did not produce emulsion restabilization.     

Utilization and treatment of exhausted cooling oil-emulsions

The subject of investigation was exhausted cooling oil-emulsions coming from copper wire drawing. The summary content of the organic substances in emulsions expressed as COD, ranged from 200 to 300 gO₂/dm³. The total amount of copper was about 7 g/dm³. The suggested method of treatment was based on separation of emulsion, thermocatalytic oxidation of the oil phase and electrochemical reduction of copper. The method allows oxidation of 99% organic substances in an autothermic way and over 90% recovery of metallic copper contained in emulsion with energy consumption at 2.2 kWh/kg.     

阳离子乳液型清水剂的制备及其在油田污水处理中的应用

以二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)为阳离子单体,苯乙烯、丙烯酸丁酯为疏水单体,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚-10(OP-10)为乳化剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用乳液聚合法制备乳液型清水剂。优化了制备清水剂的工艺条件,考察了清水剂对油田污水的处理效果。实验结果表明:在x(DMDAAC)小于20%、n(苯乙烯)∶n(丙烯酸丁酯)为2∶1、乳化剂占单体质量分数为5%、引发剂占单体质量分数为0.5%的优化条件下可制备形成稳定的阳离子乳液清水剂;分子量越大、x(DMDAAC)越大,清水剂的除油效果越好;在x(DMDAAC)为20%、其他最优条件不变的情况下制备的Q20清水剂使用浓度为30 mg/L时可使油田污水含油量从295 mg/L降至13 mg/L。自制清水剂的除油效果好于市售清水剂。     

Process Optimization for the Preparation of Beta-cyhalothrin Microspheres by Using the Response Surface Methodology

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Microcapsulses can effectively encapsulate, protect, and control the release of insecticides. In this study, emulsion–solvent evaporation method was...     

乳状液膜法处理煤制兰炭废水

以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为载体、煤油为膜溶剂、NaOH水溶液为内水相，采用乳状液膜法处理兰炭废水。实验结果表明:当TBP体积分数为4%、表面活性剂质量分数为4%、内水相NaOH质量分数为12%、油内比(乳状液的油相与内水相的体积比)为3∶2、乳水比为1∶5、萃取时间为15min时，废水中的酚类(以苯酚计)去除率达到85%以上，COD去除率达83%以上。     

Chemiluminescence in evaluating thermal oxidative stability of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymers. IV. Comparative study of various stabilizers in mass polymerization and emulsion resins

The thermal oxidative stability of ionic and emulsion ABS with various antioxidants and UV stabilizers was studied. It was found that Santonox R provides better protection than Irganox 1076 to both resins. It is also the case in formulations with Tinuvin 770 and Tinuvin 328.