青山水库底栖动物群落初步研究

1996年10月－1997年7月对青山水库底栖大型无脊椎动物群落进行了4次采样调查,共发现大型底栖无脊椎动物16种,其中寡毛类5种,水生昆虫7种,软件动物2种,蛭类和线虫各1种。青山水库底栖动物群落密度和生物量的水平变化为库出口＞库中心＞进口。湖区底栖动物群落占优势的各类为：刺夹长足摇蚊（Tanypus punctipennis）、花翅前突摇蚊（Procladius choreus)和霍甫水丝蚓（Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)。调查结果表明,目前青山水库底栖动物群落的种类组成指示该水体已属富营养型,但从生物量上分析,目前青山水库应属中营养。     

用大型底栖动物对武汉南湖水质的生物学评价

2003年6月至2004年5月季度性调查武汉南湖大型底栖动物的种类组成,并对水质理化指标进行测定.结果表明,大型底栖动物由寡毛类和水生昆虫组成,密度为4 437个/m2,优势种为霍甫水丝蚓和刺铗长足摇蚊;大型底栖动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margelef多样性指数表明南湖水质为中等污染状态;历年夏季水体中主要营养元素含量的变化,进一步描述了近年来南湖富营养化的加剧进程.     

密云水库上游河流底栖动物群落结构与水质评价

于2013年5月至10月对密云水库上游河流中大型底栖无脊椎动物(以下简称底栖动物)进行了采样调查。结果表明,采集到的底栖动物隶属于4门10纲16目45科,其中以节肢动物种类最多,占总数的80%,且水生昆虫占总数的67%,出现频率最高的是节肢动物门蜉蝣目蜉蝣科的昆虫,出现频率达87%;从分布来看,白河流域采集到的底栖动物种类最多、密度最高,而潮河流域采集到的底栖动物生物量最大;以底栖动物为指示生物的水质评价结果显示,密云水库上游河流中50%采样点的水质为Ⅰ级(清洁),其余50%为Ⅱ级(轻微污染),水质整体较好,与现场生境调查和水质监测的结果相吻合。     

杭州西湖底栖动物群落结构及其水质生物学评价

2017年对西湖9个点位的底栖动物进行季度调查,共采集到3门7纲25种底栖动物。底栖动物年均密度为280.3个/m~2,主要类别为水生昆虫、寡毛类、软体动物,优势种为羽摇蚊(Chironomus plumosus)和圆田螺(Cipangopaludina)。空间分布上,不同湖区的底栖动物组成存在不同,在主湖区(少年宫、外湖心)底栖动物主要为水生昆虫,摇蚊幼虫为绝对优势种,而湖西区(西里湖、茅家埠、金沙港、乌龟潭、浴鹄湾)底栖动物主要为软体动物。季节变化上,底栖动物密度分布为冬季秋季夏季春季。寡毛类全年采样出现频次较低,作为耐污染种,这表明西湖水环境质量变好。西湖的Shannon-Wiener生物多样性指数(H’)年均值为1.27,西湖水质为轻污染,其中茅家埠、金沙港和乌龟潭点位H’较高,与所在湖区生长大量沉水植物,生境更加稳定有关。H’与加权营养状态指数(TLI(∑))在对西湖个别点位水质评价结果上存在差异,鉴于西湖底栖动物生境易受外界影响导致群落波动较大,因此认为TLI(∑)的评价结果更为准确。     

潮白河北京段底栖动物与水质相关性研究

于2013—2014年对潮白河北京段的大型底栖无脊椎动物群落分布进行了采样调查,共检出底栖动物4门9纲16目48科。利用3种基于底栖动物的评价指数对各采样点的水质进行了评价,结果表明,潮白河北京段水质总体为"健康"等级。底栖动物指数与水质因子的相关性分析得出,底栖动物指数与COD、总氮、总磷、氨氮等水质因子之间具有显著的相关性。     

热排放对湘江大型底栖无脊椎动物的影响

湘潭电厂温排水对湘江湘潭电厂江段大型底栖无脊椎动物 (以下简称底栖动物 )种类组成和数量变化的影响表明 ,在强增温区底栖动物不能生存 ;自然水温在 2 6℃以下的季节里 ,中、低增温区底栖动物种类和数量比自然水体要丰富 ,多样性指数值相应增高 ;突然停止温排 ,增温区内喜温动物有可能受冷冲击而死亡。     

热排放对湘江大型底栖无脊椎动物的影响

湘潭电厂温排水对湘江湘潭电厂江段大型底栖无脊椎动物（以下简称底栖动物）种类组成和数量变化的影响表明,在强增温区底栖动物不能生存;自然水温在26℃以下的季节里,中、低增温区底栖动物各类和数量比自然水体要丰富,多样性指数值相应增高;突然停止温排,增温区内喜温动物有可能受冷冲击而死亡。     

邛海水生生物多样性调查及富营养状态评价

2013年9月对邛海进行了浮游植物、浮游动物、底栖动物及水质调查。结果表明:(1)邛海优势浮游植物有5门16种,优势浮游动物有4大类7种,优势底栖动物3大类6种,分别以具星小环藻(Cyclotella stelligera)、毛饰拟剑水溞(Paracyclops fimbratus)、克拉伯水丝蚓(L.claparedianus)为常见种。(2)浮游植物种类与生物量上升,水生态系统发生变化。优势藻类向绿藻转变,由清水性种类向喜营养性种类演替,喜高营养盐耐污物种容易采集,底栖动物中普遍性检出耐污性强的克拉伯水丝蚓。(3)邛海湖区处于中营养水平,存在一定的富营养化风险。     

浦阳江干流河流生态缓冲带土地利用类型对水质和底栖动物的影响

为揭示河流生态缓冲带土地利用变化对水质和水生生物多样性的影响,以浦阳江干流为研究对象,通过底栖动物野外采集、水质分析和河岸带土地利用解译,分析其干流河流生态缓冲带土地利用类型与河流水质和底栖动物多样性之间的关系.结果 表明,高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、氨氮(NH3-N)和总磷(TP)与林业用地呈负相关,但与农业用地显著正相关.底栖动物群落多样性与农业用地呈显著正相关,但与城镇用地显著负相关.冗余分析结果显示,浦阳江上游浦江段河流生态缓冲带中农业用地对底栖动物影响最大,中下游的诸暨段建设用地对底栖动物的影响最大.这表明同一条河流的上下游,河流生态缓冲带中农业和建设用地对底栖动物多样性的影响可能不同.河流生态缓冲带修复实践中,增加林地面积和自然岸线比例对河流水生生物多样性恢复与保护有促进作用.     

利用底栖动物研究京杭运河徐州段的水质变化

通过分析京杭运河徐州段4个断面底栖动物的种类、密度，及生物多样性指数的变化来研究京杭运河徐州段水质的变化趋势。     

Metal distribution in sediments of a drinking water reservoir: influence of reservoir morphometry and hydrodynamics

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Metal(loid)s in the reservoir sediment tend to be released into the water column when encountering disturbances and thus pose threats to the aquatic...     

Phosphorous control in a eutrophied reservoir

Water in lakes and reservoirs accumulate phosphorous (P) from both internal and external loads. The external P load (EPL) coming from the watershed is considered to be the main cause of eutrophication of water bodies, and control strategies therefore focus on its reduction. However, algae blooms and anoxic conditions often continue even after EPL have been controlled, being the internal P load (IPL) originating from the sediment the main sources of P. To assess the efficiency of the adsorbent Phoslock (a modified bentonite) in controlling P concentrations in water and immobilize releasable P in sediments, mesocosm trials were carried out in a eutrophied reservoir and a model was described and applied that determines the amount of adsorbent and the application frequency necessary to control P concentrations in a eutrophied reservoir. The mesocosm trials confirm that Phoslock reduced P concentrations to or below the limits that define water in mesotrophic state, in approximately 2 weeks. The modeling results suggest that periodic reapplications of the adsorbent are required, unless EPL is reduced by 36 %, which allows the P concentrations in the water column to be constant. Such reduction in EPL would allow future applications of the adsorbent to be required only for control of IPL. The developed model allows planning remediation actions by determining quantities and frequencies for application of adsorbents for P control in eutrophied lakes and reservoirs.     

Mercury human exposure through fish consumption in a reservoir contaminated by a chlor-alkali plant: Babeni reservoir (Romania)

Purpose  

Chlor-alkali plants are one of the most important point sources of mercury to aquatic environment. The problem of Hg contamination has been studied in a region, Rm Valcea (Romania), impacted by the wastewater discharge of a chlor-alkali plant. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the current status of mercury pollution in the Babeni reservoir (Olt River) and the exposure of local population via fish consumption to mercury originating from the chlor-alkali plant.     

Influence of organoboron cross-linker and reservoir characteristics on filtration and reservoir residual of guar gum fracturing fluid in low-permeability shale gas reservoirs

To effectively reduce the filtration rate of water-based fracturing fluid and promote the pressure holding effect of fracturing fluid in underground unconventional reservoirs, an efficient and clean organic-boron cross-linker was synthesized with boric acid and low alcohols. The results obtained that the synthesized organoboron cross-linker exhibits better fluid loss performance to water-based fracturing fluid than the commercially available cross-linker. This organoboron cross-linker allowed decreasing filtration coefficient more than 0.74?×?10^–2 m³·min^1/2 as a result of the network structure formed by the organoboron cross-linker and guar gum molecule. However, commercially available cross-linker exhibits a relatively large filtered mass of water more than 1.33?×?10^–2 m³·min^1/2 at the same condition. Meanwhile, the cross-linked guar gum fracturing fluid can significantly improve the fluid loss property with the increase of cross-linker content and pressure, and an increased fluid filtration gradually was revealed with increasing the reservoir temperature and current speed. Moreover, the damage of shale reservoir caused by the prepared boron cross-linker was only 11%, which was lower than 18% of the commercial boron cross-linker under the same conditions.

     

强化混凝-氧化处理含溴氰菊酯农药水库水

通过投加不同混凝剂、助凝剂和氧化剂,对含溴氰菊酯农药的某水库原水进行强化混凝-氧化处理,探讨了不同条件下对原水的处理效果.结果表明,当对水样仅作常规混凝处理时,聚合氯化铝(PAC)的处理效果优于其他混凝剂,最佳投加量为18mg/L,最佳pH为9,最高去除率可达64.5％.投加助凝剂可提高混凝效果,聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)助凝效果优于水玻璃.混凝后水样再用高锰酸钾(KMnO4)氧化处理,结果表明,在水样pH为5,KMnO4投加量为0.6mg/L,氧化时间为25 min的条件下,溴氰菊酯去除率最高可达82.4％.     

Predicting change in fish mercury concentrations following reservoir impoundment

Fish mercury concentrations frequently increase after impoundment of a reservoir. Soil flooding releases organic matter and nutrients, providing food to bacterial communities that methylate inorganic mercury. Methylation and bioaccumulation are the primary pathways for mercury accumulation in fish. We investigated if changes in fish mercury concentrations could be predicted from the change in reservoir size. Data for three fish species, northern pike (Esox lucius), walleye (Stizostedion vitreum), and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) from reservoirs in northern Manitoba and northern Quebec were used to evaluate four simple models of change in mercury with change in flooded area. For three additional fish species, all primary carnivores, the preferred model consisted of a single exponential enrichment term. This model successfully predicted two cases not used in model development-one with a large change in area and one with a small change in area. Models with good predictive skill can be developed when the underlying dynamics are known.     

模拟成藏地质填埋及诱导填埋有机质生气的理论初探

填埋处理和垃圾生物气的开发利用是实现城市生活垃圾资源化、无害化、减量化处理的有效途径,引入模拟生物气成藏和含气系统的思路,开展地质填埋与诱导填埋有机质生气研究是对能源地质学和填埋设计理念的新探索.通过对比研究地质填埋结构与地质学中生物气藏系统的异同点、生气机理和影响因素的共性与差异,初步论证了将模拟生物气藏理论引入地质填埋设计、优化地质填埋结构、提高填埋有机质生物气化效率和抽排利用效率的可行性;探讨了生物气藏理论在构建地质填埋结构中的可能应用和启示.研究表明:模拟生物气藏地质填埋设计和非常规生物气开发理念具有理论依据和现实基础;生物气藏生、储、盖要素和运、圈、保过程的模拟可应用于垃圾地质填埋场的构建,微生物地球化学理论有助于对诱导填埋有机质生气条件优化的认识.     

Multi-objective game-theory models for conflict analysis in reservoir watershed management

This study focuses on the development of a multi-objective game-theory model (MOGM) for balancing economic and environmental concerns in reservoir watershed management and for assistance in decision. Game theory is used as an alternative tool for analyzing strategic interaction between economic development (land use and development) and environmental protection (water-quality protection and eutrophication control). Geographic information system is used to concisely illustrate and calculate the areas of various land use types. The MOGM methodology is illustrated in a case study of multi-objective watershed management in the Tseng-Wen reservoir, Taiwan. The innovation and advantages of MOGM can be seen in the results, which balance economic and environmental concerns in watershed management and which can be interpreted easily by decision makers. For comparison, the decision-making process using conventional multi-objective method to produce many alternatives was found to be more difficult.     

Elemental composition of Juncus bulbosus in an acidified freshwater reservoir

Concentrations of the major nutrients (N, P, Mg, K, Na and trace elements (Fe, Mn, Zn) were determined in tissues of the submerged aquatic plant Juncus bulbosus L. collected from the acidified Freshwater Reservoir of Uusikaupunki in SW Finland. The heavy metals showed markedly elevated concentrations, mainly due to the enhanced solubility and availability of metals in the reservoir receiving acidic, sulphate-rich discharges from the catchment area. Tissue analyses of J. bulbosus could be used to reveal specific transport patterns in the reservoir. Multivariate principal components ordination of the data of the elemental analyses demonstrated local differences in the availability of metals.