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1.
Der Beitrag umfa?t eine übersicht über die Entwicklung wesentlicher Segmente des in Deutschland und international zug?nglichen Angebots an Umweltdatenbanken. Anschlie?end werden wichtige Umweltdatenbanken im Angebot von STN International dargestellt. Anhand ausgew?hlter Beispiele aus der Recherchepraxis werden schlie?lich Ablauf (Stufen der Vorbereitung, Durchführung und Nachbereitung) sowie Ergebnisse der Online-Recherche in wichtigen STN-Umweltdatenbanken dargestellt.  相似文献   

2.
Selected organonitrogen, organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides have been determined in precipitation samples collected at 10 sites in the Gdańsk region (northern Poland) over a period of one year (1998). Compounds which were detected most often included simazine (0.11-5.80 ng/l), fenitrothion (0.1-2.10 ng/l), chlorfenvinfos (0.1-1.30 ng/l), gamma-HCH (0.012-5.06 ng/l), heptachlor epoxide (0.05-3.28 ng/l) and aldrin (0.02-3.28 ng/l). The pesticide concentrations in precipitation samples revealed seasonal fluctuations, with higher concentrations observed during the application periods (June and July). The concentrations observed were also affected by the inflow of polluted air masses from the southwest. The total pesticide concentration in the precipitation samples was strongly related to the abundance of green areas in the vicinity of the sampling sites. A weak correlation was also found between the total concentration of organonitrogen and organophosphorus pesticides, and the total concentration of organochlorine pesticides in the samples collected.  相似文献   

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为了同时去除地下水中的氟和砷,提出了Al/C/Fe复合电极电絮凝法和Al/C-Fe/ C依次除氟砷法,并进行效果对比。研究了Al/C/Fe复合电极电絮凝法的影响因素,并对复合电极电絮凝产生的絮体进行了SEM-EDX分析。结果表明,Al/C/Fe复合电极电絮凝法对氟、砷的去除速率分别是Al/C-Fe/C依次除氟砷法的1.43倍和4.73倍;初始氟/砷浓度为4.0/1.0、4.0/0和0/1.0 mg/L 3种条件下,通过铝极板、铁极板的电流密度均为0.10 mA/cm2时,达到最好的除氟除砷效果,与初始氟/砷浓度无关。  相似文献   

5.
Ozone concentrations were measured at two (urban and a rural) sites near the city of Málaga (Spain). The aim of this study was to determine the daily, monthly and seasonal variation patterns of ozone concentrations at both sites and to study the possible regional influences. The daily variations mostly have the usual features with the afternoon maximum and the night minimum being more pronounced in the urban area. The average monthly concentrations throughout the year start to increase in March reaching their maximum values in July for the urban site. However, in the rural area, the monthly variations are smaller reaching their maximum value in June. The hourly evolution of the ozone concentrations in both sampling sites is well defined in spring and summer and not so well defined in autumn and winter. Taking into account the four seasons, the rural concentrations are higher than the urban ones. Summer is the season when there are similar concentrations at both sampling sites. Average hourly summer afternoon ozone for the hours 12:00-20:00 LST exceeded the 110 microg m(-3) European Union guidelines for human health for 8 h ozone exposure at the urban and rural sites.  相似文献   

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Residues of pesticides were surveyed in 132 samples of cow milk collected from bulk transports (38 samples of raw milk) and market (94 samples of pasteurised milk). These samples were analysed by the multiresidue analytical method DFG S19 for pesticide contamination. More than 70 active substances were studied and the identification and quantification were made by gas chromatographic technique. The results showed that 0.76% of samples were contaminated with HCH (alpha isomer) and 10.60% with endosulfan (alpha and beta isomers). Both pesticides, endosulfan and HCH, found in milk samples, indicated their use in agriculture practices, although legislation in Brazil does not permit the use of HCH since 1985 and endosulfan can be used only in a few crops. These compounds should not be present in milk because there are implications on human health. Organophosphorus, carbamates, pyrethroids, herbicides, and fungicides were not detected in cow's milk samples.  相似文献   

8.
Zusammenfassung Ziel und Absicht  Der derzeitige Kenntnisstand zu Quellen, Verbleib in der Umwelt, Exposition des Menschen und gesundheitlicher Bewertung von dioxin?hnlichen polychlorierten Biphenylen (PCB) und nicht dioxin?hnlichen PCB wird mit Fokus auf den deutschsprachigen Raum dargestellt und zusammengefasst. Methoden  Grundlage für den aktuellen Kenntnisstand sind die Vortr?ge und Diskussionsergebnisse eines zweit?gigen bundesweiten Statuskolloquiums. Die Bedeutung der dioxin?hnlichen PCB wird insbesondere in Relation zu den polychlorlerten Dibenzo-p-dioxinen (PCDD) und Dibenzofuranen (PCDF) betrachtet. Dazu dient in erster Linie ein Vergleich der Toxizit?ts?quivalentkonzentrationen (TEQ) beider Stoffgruppen in den betrachteten Umweltmatrices. Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen  In vielen Umweltmedien sind die TEQ-Werte der dioxin?hnlichen PCB ?hnlich hoch wie die PCDD/PCDF-Gehalte, in den meisten Lebensmitteln tierischen Ursprungs sogar h?her. In den meisten Medien hat das nichtortho substituierte PCB 126 aufgrund seines hohen Toxizit?ts?quivalenzfaktors von 0,1 den mit Abstand h?chsten Beitrag zum PCB-TEQ. Für die gro?fl?chige Umweltbelastung mit PCB ist offensichtlich der atmosph?rische (Fern) Transport wesentlich. Für den Eintritt der dioxin?hnlichen, PCB in terrestrische Nahrungsketten ist der Transfer Atmosph?re-Pflanze wahrscheinlich der entscheidende Schritt. Empfehlungen und Ausblick  Trotz des Rückgangs der Umweltbelastung mit PCB und PCDD/PCDF überschreitet ein erheblicher Teil der Bev?lkerung in Deutschland und anderen europ?ischen Staaten gegenw?rtig noch die duldbare Aufnahme an, dioxin?hnlichen Substanzen. Aber auch aufgrund einer aktuellen toxikologischen Neubewertung der nicht-dioxin?hnlichen PCB muss die Verminderung der PCB-Exposition weiter betrieben werden. OnlineFirst: 11. April 2005  相似文献   

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利用売聚糖(CS)将氧化石墨烯(GO)交联到粉煤灰颗粒上,制备出粉煤灰/氧化石墨烯(FCGO)复合吸附材料。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、漫反射红外光谱(DRIFT)和X射线电子光谱(XPS)对FCGO的研究表明GO被成功负载到粉煤灰上。静态吸附实验表明pH值接近中性时有利于FCGO对Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附,共存阴离子促进而阳离子抑制对Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附。动力学研究表明FCGO吸附Hg(Ⅱ)符合Elovich方程模型,饱和吸附量高达42.2 mg·g~(-1)1。非线性Redlich-Peterson模型比Langmuir和Freundlich模型更适合描述吸附过程。热力学参数△H~0=12.20 kj·mol~(-1),△S~0=48.92 J·(mol K)~(-1),△G~0=-4.09kJ·mol~(-1)(333K)表明吸附过程是吸热且自发进行的。分析吸附前后FCGO的DRIFT和XPS光谱,推测对Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附主要是静电吸引作用。  相似文献   

10.

VG?D Corner (Verband für Geo?kologie in Deutschland)

Von Mitgliedern für Mitglieder 2. Workshop-Tagung und Jahreshauptversammlung am 5./6.11.05 in Tübingen  相似文献   

11.
以2-丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为单体合成了聚合物水凝胶(PHEA/AMPS),采用水凝胶对水溶液中Fe(Ⅲ)的吸附行为进行了研究。实验主要考察了聚合物组分、溶液pH、初始Fe(Ⅲ)浓度和吸附时间对水凝胶吸附作用的影响,并通过FT-IR和XPS分析了吸附前后水凝胶的变化。结果表明,当单体摩尔比AMPS∶HEA=1∶1,pH=2时,水凝胶对Fe(Ⅲ)的吸附容量最大。水凝胶对水溶液中Fe(Ⅲ)的吸附容量随着溶液中初始Fe3+浓度的增加而增加,但当初始Fe3+的浓度达到1 g/L时,吸附容量基本达到饱和。吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温线方程,吸附动力学符合准二级模型。FI-IR和XPS的分析表明,水凝胶的磺酸基和酰胺基是吸附Fe3+的有效功能性基团,吸附机理为螯合和离子交换。  相似文献   

12.
Ohne Zusammenfassung The online version of the original article can be found at  相似文献   

13.
讨论了关于国家标准《饮食业油烟排放标准 (试行 )》中的几个基本问题 ,即采样方法、分析方法、排放标准、监控对象 ,测定所用的溶剂 ,浓度换算和基准灶头等。并就这些问题提出了改进意见 ,即建议采用四氯乙烯代替四氯化碳用作红外光度法测油的溶剂 ;建议直接以排气管实测的油烟排放浓度和浓度限值进行比较评价等  相似文献   

14.
采用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)为包覆材料,通过原位修饰技术改性纳米铁(NI),制得羧甲基纤维素包覆型纳米铁复合材料(CMC/NI)。利用场发射扫描电镜、傅立叶红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪对CMC/NI复合材料进行表征;以水溶液中As(Ⅲ)的有效去除率为目标,探索了制备条件(铁源种类、包覆质量比CMC/(CMC+Fe)和制备温度等)和反应条件(砷溶液初始p H值、反应温度和复合材料投加量等)对复合材料净化水中As(Ⅲ)的影响。结果表明,改性后的CMC/NI复合材料分散性和抗氧化性得到提高,具有良好的As(Ⅲ)净化能力。以Fe SO4为铁源,包覆比为37%,20℃条件下制备的复合材料,以1.5 g/L加入到温度为30℃,p H为7,初始浓度为2 mg/L的砷溶液中,反应24 h,其As(Ⅲ)去除率可达98%。  相似文献   

15.
李氏禾人工湿地净化Cr(Ⅵ)污染水体的性能研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用湿生铬超富集植物李氏禾构建的三段式波形潜流式人工湿地,研究了湿地系统对Cr(Ⅵ)污染水体的净化效果。结果显示,李氏禾湿地系统对Cr(Ⅵ)污染水体的净化效果明显好于无植物的对照。当进水Cr(Ⅵ)浓度为2.50 mg/L时,李氏禾湿地系统出水Cr(Ⅵ)浓度显著低于对照,说明李氏禾在湿地系统净化Cr(Ⅵ)污染水体中发挥了重要的作用。当进水Cr(Ⅵ)浓度超标150倍(7.50 mg/L)时,李氏禾湿地系统出水Cr(Ⅵ)浓度仍可达到国家地表水环境质量标准(0.05 mg/L),表明李氏禾湿地系统具有很强的Cr(Ⅵ)污染净化能力。沿程Cr(Ⅵ)浓度的变化显示,湿地系统对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除效率随水流方向逐渐降低,Cr(Ⅵ)主要在湿地系统的前两个阶段被去除。  相似文献   

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Tagungsakündigungen

Rückst?nde und Kontaminanten in Lebensmitteln 29. und 30. Oktober 2002, Atrium Hotel, Mainz  相似文献   

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Buet A  Banas D  Vollaire Y  Coulet E  Roche H 《Chemosphere》2006,65(10):1846-1858
A screening of relevant biomarkers was carried out in order to evaluate metabolic and cellular damages in European eels exposed to a non-point source contamination by persistent organic pollutants (POP) such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and organochlorine compounds (OC) in a protected area, the Nature Reserve of Camargue (France). Investigations were focused on metabolic responses including detoxification mechanisms (biotransformation, antioxidant process), energy requirements and enzymatic membrane markers either involved in neuronal conduction (acetylcholinesterase, AChE) or in osmoregulation and energy metabolism (ATPases). The hepatic and muscular glycogen rates seemed to be suitable biomarkers as well as three hepatic activities involved in the protection against oxyradicals: catalase, glutathione peroxidase (SeGPx) and superoxide dismutases (SOD). The muscle and gill ATPases as well as the muscle and brain AChE showed more significant relevance in terms of biomarkers than the biotransformation enzymes: ethoxyresorufine-O-deethylase (EROD) and uridine diphospho-glucuronyl transferase (UDPGT). However, most of these enzymatic activities depend on numerous abiotic factors, which must be taken into account in such a biomarker assessment approach. Our study provides some conclusive elements to approve the use in situ of biomarkers developed from laboratory studies. It also raises a question regarding the location of contaminant impregnation in fish organ, in relation with age, development status or mode of contamination, and its influence on biomarker response. If the relevance of membrane indicators is confirmed, this study provides an original statement of the extent of the ecotoxicological threat for the aquatic species in a protected area, due to the occurrence of POP in the cell membranes.  相似文献   

20.
将预先经酸处理的铝钛硅(ATS)多相陶瓷片先后负载Al0.2Ti0.6Zr0.2O1.9复合氧化物与CeO2活性组分,制得新型CeO2/Al0.2Ti0.6Zr0.2O1.9/ATS复合脱硝催化剂。运用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)手段对该催化剂进行表征,研究催化剂的晶相、微观形貌。评价了催化剂的脱硝活性,研究了H2O和SO2对其脱硝活性的影响。实验结果表明,CeO2/Al0.2Ti0.6Zr0.2O1.9/ATS具有良好的脱硝活性,高活性温度窗口在100~350℃,当反应温度为250℃时,NO的转化率达98.49%。SO2和H2O在一定程度抑制该催化剂的低温脱硝活性,但随着温度的升高,其脱硝活性逐渐恢复。催化剂中活性组分CeO2具有储硫作用,当有SO2存在时,活性温度窗口向高温区偏移了100℃,在250~400℃时,H2O的存在反而提高了催化剂的脱硝活性。  相似文献   

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