论县级市环境应急监测的管理

环境污染突发事件的发生，其影响广，危害大，迫切需要该地的环境监测部门迅速反应，进行快速监测，并报出监测结果，为污染物的控制提供科学依据。因此对环境应急监测的管理就显得非常重要，不仅要对技术人员进行培训，还要准备仪器设备；不仅要准备应急监测预案，还要准备查询、应用工具，包括查询应用软件，只有进行充分的环境应急监测管理，才能有效地进行环境应急监测响应，为污染物应急控制决策、保护环境质量、保护人民的生命财产安全作出贡献。     

焦化行业的环境风险评价方法

结合具体实例，对焦化行业环境风险评价中，环境风险污染源的识别、影响预测及环境风险的减缓措施和应急预案的制定等评价方法进行了分析。     

一次环境应急预案演练的实践

环境应急预案的模拟演练，是加强突发性环境污染事故的应对工作和应急预案体系建设的重要举措，可以检验环境应急部门应对突发性环境污染事故的能力，检验城市各相关部门和各单位之间的协同作战能力，保证环境应急预案的科学、高效、有序和针对性地实施。     

基层环境应急监测与环境管理的研究

突发事件分为自然灾害类、事故灾害类、公共卫生事件类、社会安全事件类。在突发事件分类中，环境污染突发事件如果破坏性较大，就属于事故灾害类，如果影响较广，引起较大范围的环境质量改变，就属于社会安全事件。针对分类分析了基层环境应急监测与环境管理的相关问题。     

区域环境风险评估研究综述

中国现阶段多数城市环境风险形势严峻,环境污染源和风险源多而复杂,导致区域环境突发事件高发,其范围越来越广,引起人们对区域环境风险的高度重视。概述了区域环境风险评估的基本概念、研究内容及目的,初步分析了国内外的相关研究进展,介绍了环境风险评估程序及评估方法。同时,认为实际应用中,理论方法与实践应紧密联系,才能更好地指导应急预案的编制,加快研究制定区域突发环境事件风险评估方法。     

论环境风险及其管理制度建设

在阐明环境风险和环境风险管理的概念和内涵的基础上,叙述了中国面临的主要环境风险,提出了中国环境风险管理制度建设的建议.并着重指出,国家应当对重点风险源进行直接管理.     

环境风险全过程管理机制研究

中国突发性环境污染事件已进入高发期.结合中国环境风险控制的要求,针对环境风险发生的3个阶段(事前预防、事中响应、事后处置)从环境风险源、控制管理机制、环境风险受体3个因素人手,在环境风险源管理、区域环境安全规划、环境风险应急管理、环境污染事后评估与环境修复等4个环节搭建环境风险管理长效机制,建立环境风险全过程管理体系.     

中国造纸行业的环境风险评价及防范措施

结合全国造纸行业发展现状和趋势,分析了行业中的主要风险源、风险类型、产生原因、概率等进行风险预测,并提出相应的防范措施与应急预案。     

江苏省环境应急监测核心能力建设与评述

从污染事故的环境应急预警工作需要出发，结合江苏省突发性环境事故应急处置项目建设规划，分析了省级应急监测能力、应急监测决策指挥能力建设的要素和功能，并分析了江苏省的市县级环境监测骨干网络架构及其实践应对。并建议各级环境监测部门今后应当从风险源排查、应急预案、应急监测、应急处置、综合分析、后勤保障六个方面进行优化整合，为今后更系统和更针对性地防治区域的突发性环境污染。     

增强环保应急能力势在必行

四川汶川地震发生后，环境保护部立即启动一级应急响应，迅速制订了“地震灾区应急监测实施方案”，把保障饮用水安全放在首位，在地震灾区全面开展隐患排查，及时消除了环境隐患。截至目前，灾区没有发生次生重大环境事件，环境应急预案再次经受了实战的检验。但在抗震救灾中，对极端自然灾害风险评估不足、应急交通工具和监测设备落后等问题也较明显地暴露出来。     

Interaction of engineered nanoparticles with various components of the environment and possible strategies for their risk assessment

Nanoparticles are the materials with at least two dimensions between 1 and 100 nm. Mostly these nanoparticles are natural products but their tremendous commercial use has boosted the artificial synthesis of these particles (engineered nanoparticles). Accelerated production and use of these engineered nanoparticles may cause their release in the environment and facilitate the frequent interactions with biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystems. Despite remarkable commercial benefits, their presence in the nature may cause hazardous biological effects. Therefore, detail understanding of their sources, release interaction with environment, and possible risk assessment would provide a basis for safer use of engineered nanoparticles with minimal or no hazardous impact on environment. Keeping all these points in mind the present review provides updated information on various aspects, e.g. sources, different types, synthesis, interaction with environment, possible strategies for risk management of engineered nanoparticles.     

河流水环境中的非突发性水质风险模型研究

把影响水质模型的随机因素看成一个具有零均值的维纳过程，建立一个研究非突发性水质风险的随机微分动态模型，并对该维纳过程强度进行了估值。研究表明，水环境中的随机因素是引起非突发性风险的一个重要原因。     

危险废物事故排放的河流水环境健康风险评价

分析了基于水体中污染物迁移转化方程的水质预测模型,并借鉴美国环保局推荐使用的健康风险评价模型,建立了一种危险废物事故排放时水环境对人体健康风险的评价方法。以电镀污泥为例验证了该方法的有效性。结果显示:该方法需要参数少且计算简单;电镀污泥中目标污染物(Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn)所引起的河流水环境非致癌风险(1.67)超过了美国标准中的可接受风险水平1.00,不可接受;致癌风险(0.88E-11)则小于美国标准中的可接受风险水平1.00E-06,风险不明显。     

Particulate-associated heavy metals in the urban environment: their transport from source to deposit, Coventry, UK.

A sequential digest was used to examine the speciation of particulate-associated heavy metal pollutants in a holistic approach to the study of the movement of sediment within the urban environment. Sediments were classified according to whether they mainly acted as sources, were mostly transported, or had become deposited and were fractionated into two particle sizes to reflect sediment deposited in lakes (< 63 microns) and transported in rivers (< 2 mm). Results showed that the two particle size fractions yielded the same data, but that trends were found in terms of dominant heavy metal species as the sediment moved through the source-transport-deposit cascade. Whilst the results highlighted the complexity of the urban environment, a sequential digestion of the samples enabled comments to be made in terms of risk which could subsequently feed in to a management strategy for polluted urban sediments.     

From chemical risk assessment to environmental resources management: the challenge for mining

On top of significant improvements and progress made through science and engineering in the last century to increase efficiency and reduce impacts of mining to the environment, risk assessment has an important role to play in further reducing such impacts and preventing and mitigating risks. This paper reflects on how risk assessment can improve planning, monitoring and management in mining and mineral processing operations focusing on the importance of better understanding source–pathway–receptor linkages for all stages of mining. However, in light of the ever-growing consumption and demand for raw materials from mining, the need to manage environmental resources more sustainably is becoming increasingly important. The paper therefore assesses how mining can form an integral part of wider sustainable resources management, with the need for re-assessing the potential of mining in the context of sustainable management of natural capital, and with a renewed focus on its the role from a systems perspective. The need for understanding demand and pressure on resources, followed by appropriate pricing that is inclusive of all environmental costs, with new opportunities for mining in the wastes we generate, is also discussed. Findings demonstrate the need for a life cycle perspective in closing the loop between mining, production, consumption and waste generation as the way forward.     

突发性环境污染事故应急预警系统发展探讨

在介绍突发性环境污染事故的概念、类型与特性的基础上,综述了近年来国内外对这一领域的研究进展．并结合“5S”技术提出突发性环境污染事故应急预警系统的全程模拟。     

Development of a risk assessment methodology for evaluating potential impacts associated with contaminated mud disposal in the marine environment

In order to assess impacts associated with disposal of contaminated mud arising from Hong Kong's dredging and reclamation projects, a methodology has been formulated to determine the level of risk posed by consumption of seafood/marine prey species to humans and to the Chinese White Dolphin (Sousa chinensis). This methodology improves on previously used techniques by incorporating risks for organic contaminants, accounting for doses from sources other than seafood, and incorporating additional local knowledge on Sousa chinensis behaviour. It thus represents an advance in risk assessment techniques and a new integration of risk assessment and monitoring in environmental management.     

Occurrence and risk assessment of antidepressants in Huangpu River of Shanghai,China

Antidepressants are gaining public attention because of increasing reports of their occurrence in environment and their potential impact on ecosystems and human health. Continuous input of pharmaceuticals into rivers, through psychiatric hospital or wastewater treatment plant (WWTPs) effluent, may cause adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystems of the receiving water bodies. This work investigates the occurrence and sources of 8 antidepressants in main stream and tributaries of Huangpu River in Shanghai. The detected concentrations of the selected antidepressants ranged from low nanogram per liter to 42.9 ng L^?1 (fluoxetine) in main stream and ranged from low nanogram per liter to 33.7 ng L^?1 (fluoxetine) in tributaries. To study the effect of hospital or wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) on environment, the upstream and downstream samples were analyzed. Generally, antidepressants had greater concentrations in downstream than that in upstream of the WWTPs or hospitals. It is suggesting that WWTPs and hospitals may introduce pollution into water environment. A preliminary risk assessment was conducted: none of the eight target compounds yielded risk quotient (RQ) values more than 0.1, thus indicating that no adverse effect is expected in water environment. These results will provide background data for future antidepressants pollution control and management in Shanghai, China.     

环境评估机构市场化运行发展趋势展望

在对评估工作的过去和现状进行回顾的基础上，对评估工作的市场化和拓展评估领域进行了分析和展望，以使评估工作发挥更大的作用，更好地为环境管理工作服务。     

Legislating risk: the USA struggles to reform its policies for the assessment and management of risk

This paper focuses on recent efforts in the United States to improve the federal government's approach to regulating risk, with particular emphasis on legislation introduced in the Congress of the United States that was designed to reform and standardize risk assessment and risk management practices at the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other federal agencies with responsibility for health, safety, and environmental regulation. After reviewing the key provisions of the legislation and the potential impact of those provisions on EPA's risk-related activities, the paper suggests certain fundamental principles that should guide the debate on reform of policies and procedures associated with risk.