工业糖浆处理地下水中六价铬的实验研究

利用廉价工业糖浆还原水中的六价铬,研究了反应初始pH、温度、工业糖浆浓度、地下水常见溶解性离子、地下水介质等因素对反应的影响。结果表明,工业糖浆还原六价铬的反应符合一级反应动力学模型。较低的初始pH、较高的工业糖浆浓度和温度对反应均有促进作用;由于地下水介质对工业糖浆具有吸附作用导致工业糖浆损失不利于反应,而地下水常见溶解性离子对反应的影响不大。     

催化铁内电解法处理硝基苯废水的机理与动力学研究

对催化铁内电解法处理硝基苯废水降解动力学特性进行了研究。结果表明,降解过程符合准一级动力学规律。进水浓度、pH值和反应温度强烈影响硝基苯的降解速率。在实验pH值范围内,反应速率常数依次为:强酸性>弱碱性>弱酸性>中性;循环伏安扫描图显示了硝基苯可以在铜电极上直接得电子还原,该反应在强酸和弱碱性条件下效果较好。反应速率常数随进水浓度的增大而减小。提高反应温度可改善处理效果,在30~45℃范围内,提高温度对处理效果的改善并不显著;当温度升高到45℃以上时,升温可以显著改善处理效果。     

壳聚糖吸附酸性品红的平衡及动力学研究

研究了pH值、时间及温度对壳聚糖吸附酸性品红的影响。结果表明,pH值是影响壳聚糖吸附酸性品红的重要因素;其动力学行为更好地符合Lagergren准二级反应动力学模型,随着温度的升高,平衡吸附量减少。吸附过程的表观活化能（Ea）为2.90 kJ/mol。壳聚糖对酸性品红的吸附过程较好地符合Freundlich吸附等温方程...     

次氯酸钠氧化降解碱性玫瑰精生产模拟废水研究

采用次氯酸钠对碱性玫瑰精生产模拟废水进行氧化降解,考察了初始COD浓度、反应pH、次氯酸钠投加量、反应时间、反应温度等因素对降解效果的影响,并进行了动力学特征研究。结果表明,向50mL初始COD为1 050mg/L的碱性玫瑰精生产模拟废水中投加次氯酸钠溶液(质量分数为8%)3.0mL,控制反应pH为3.0,常温下搅拌反应30min,COD去除率可以达到88%左右,且该反应过程呈现一级动力学特征。     

催化铁内电解法处理硝基苯废水的机理与动力学研究

对催化铁内电解法处理硝基苯废水降解动力学特性进行了研究。结果表明，降解过程符合准一级动力学规律。进水浓度、pH值和反应温度强烈影响硝基苯的降解速率。在实验pH值范围内，反应速率常数依次为：强酸性〉弱碱性〉弱酸性〉中性；循环伏安扫描图显示了硝基苯可以在铜电极上直接得电子还原，该反应在强酸和弱碱性条件下效果较好。反应速率常数随进水浓度的增大而减小。提高反应温度可改善处理效果，在30-45℃范围内，提高温度对处理效果的改善并不显著；当温度升高到45℃以上时，升温可以显著改善处理效果。     

Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液的参数优化及反应动力学模型

采用Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液,研究反应时间、初始浓度、pH、Fenton试剂用量对垃圾渗滤液TOC去除率的影响。研究结果表明,最优反应条件是反应时间30 min,初始pH为3.0,初始[H2O2]0=7 310 mg/L,最佳[H2O2]/[Fe2+]摩尔比为5,反应温度为室温,此时渗滤液的TOC去除率达到70.3%。渗滤液矿化过程符合一级反应动力学,并建立了符合该渗滤液的反应动力学模型。     

臭氧/Mn2+催化降解水溶液中的2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸

以Mn2 为催化剂与臭氧联合降解除草剂2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D).考察了反应温度、pH、2,4-D初始浓度和臭氧气体流量等因素对2,4-D降解效果的影响.pH对2,4-D降解效果影响很大,当pH=2.0、反应5 min时,2,4-D的去除率达99.8%;当pH=10.1、反应20min时,2,4-D的去除率仅为50.0%.反应温度升高、臭氧气体流量增加、2,4-D初始浓度降低均有助于2,4-D降解速率的提高.单独臭氧氧化2,4-D的表观反应速率常数为0.170 min-1;催化臭氧氧化2,4-D的表观反应速率常数为0.295min-1,是单独臭氧氧化的1.74倍.2,4-D的Mn2 催化臭氧反应遵循拟一级反应动力学方程.     

电气石在环境领域的最新应用研究：处理雅格素蓝BF-BR染料废水

在氧化剂(H2O2)的协同作用下,电气石对雅格素蓝BF-BR染料废水具有良好的脱色能力,脱色率与电气石用量、氧化剂用量、水浴温度、作用时间呈正相关性,溶液pH值为2和12时,脱色率最大.正交实验优化了工艺条件:氧化剂用量1.5 mL、作用时间9 min、电气石用量1g、水浴温度363 K、pH=2,此时脱色率可达到100%.动力学研究表明:雅格素蓝BF-BR染料废水的脱色反应为一级反应,其反应表观动力学方程为:-lnCR=0.36733t-lnC0(R=0.9827),反应速率常数为k=0.36733 min-1,反应半衰期为t1/2=1.887 min.机理的初步分析表明:脱色过程是矿物催化-类芬顿反应.     

CuO/γ-Al_2O_3非均相过氧化氢催化氧化苯酚的研究

研究CuO/γ-Al_2O_3非均相过氧化氢催化氧化苯酚废水的各种影响因素与动力学规律,结果表明:(1)反应存在最佳pH及过氧化氢加入量(即pH为4~5、过氧化氢加入量为0.097 1mol/L);温度对苯酚转化速率影响很大,温度升高,苯酚转化速率加快。(2)动力学研究得到CuO/γ-Al_2O_3非均相过氧化氢催化氧化体系的模型方程,同时得到该反应的活化能为91.84kJ/mol。     

溴百里香酚蓝在壳聚糖上吸附的研究

采用壳聚糖吸附溴百里香酚蓝(BTB)溶液,分析了pH、BTB初始浓度、吸附时间及温度对吸附效果的影响.结果表明,pH是影响BTB吸附的重要因素,当pH为3.4时壳聚糖对BTB溶液的吸附效果最好,其吸附行为符合Lagergren准二级反应动力学方程；随着温度升高,壳聚糖对BTB溶液的吸附量有所减少；吸附过程的表观活化能(...     

Prediction of adsorption rate of phosphate removal from wastewater with gas concrete

Gas concrete, a conventional structural material, is used to remove phosphate from wastewater. A batch study of phosphate removal from wastewater with waste particles of gas concrete has been performed. The concentration-time graphs were plotted against pH, temperature, and agitation speed, and the reaction rate equation was adapted to adsorption. The differential method was used to define reaction rate. The adsorption rates, reaction rate constants, and reaction rates were determined by tangent lines of drawn curves at different concentrations, depending on pH, temperature, and agitation speed. The adsorption rate increased with pH and temperature. The maximum effect of agitation speed on the adsorption rate was observed at 150 rpm. The activation energy of reaction and the pre-exponential factor were calculated using the Arrhenius equilibrium equation. The zeta potentials of waste gas concrete were determined at various pH values. The surface area of gas concrete was obtained using BET apparatus as 22 m2/g. The composition of gas concrete was determined by X-ray diffractometry. The results indicate that gas concrete is an effective adsorbent to remove phosphate from wastewater.     

碱催化H2O2氧化法预处理奶牛养殖废水的试验研究

采用碱催化H2O2氧化法对奶牛养殖废水进行预处理试验,研究了温度、pH、H2O2投加量、反应时间等参数对COD去除效果的影响,确定了反应最佳运行条件。试验结果表明,碱催化H2O2氧化法在pH7~12时,对COD的去除率为40%~60%;当反应温度50℃,pH值9,H2O2投加量2.72 g/L,反应时间20 min时,COD的去除率为66.3%。     

催化臭氧氧化处理对氯苯酚的研究

采用臭氧氧化法处理对氯苯酚溶液,研究了pH、温度、气体流量和对氯苯酚初始浓度等因素对处理效果的影响.反应体系pH越高,越有利于氧化反应.用自制的载有Fe,Co,Mn氧化物的活性炭纤维(ACF)催化剂进行催化臭氧氧化对氯苯酚的实验.结果表明,Fe/ACF显示了较好的催化性能和活性.通过在反应体系中加入一定量的羟基自由基猝灭剂,初步探讨了其催化机理,即催化剂和臭氧反应生成了氧化性极强的羟基自由基.     

微囊化生物流化床处理邻二氯苯废水

采用海藻酸钠—壳聚糖—活性炭(SA-CA-PAC)生物微胶囊包埋优势降解菌用于生物流化床处理邻二氯苯废水。比较了微囊化菌和悬浮菌对废水的降解效果,同时考察了初始浓度、接种量、pH值、温度和曝气量对降解率的影响。结果表明,微囊化菌比悬浮菌拥有更适宜的生长环境,具有更好的pH稳定性和热稳定性。微囊化菌的降解效果优于悬浮菌,处理150 mg/L的邻二氯苯废水的最佳接种量为10%,最适pH为7.5,最适温度为30℃。     

自由氯、一氯胺和二氧化氯对饮用水中粪肠球菌的消毒动力学研究

以粪肠球菌为研究对象，研究了自由氯、一氯胺和二氧化氯在不同pH值和温度下的消毒效果，并将灭活速率常数表示为pH和温度的函数，对Chick—Watson模型进行了修正。结果表明，随着pH的上升，自由氯和一氯胺的灭活率减小，二氧化氯的灭活率则增大。温度对一氯胺的影响较小，对自由氯和二氧化氯的影响较显著。修正后含有pH和温度两参数的消毒动力学模型可以很好地模拟消毒过程，增强了模型的通用性。     

Solvent and surfactant enhanced solubilization, stabilization, and degradation of amitraz

In an effort to help with the development of effective dip vat management and waste disposal strategies this study determined how solution properties such as pH, buffer composition, ionic strength, temperature, solubility in organic solvents and the addition of commonly used solubilizing agents influenced the hydrolysis of amitraz. Amitraz degrade by means of hydrolysis described by a pseudo-first order rate process and a type ABCD pH rate profile. Hydrolysis increased with temperature and was fastest at low pH, slowest at neutral to slightly alkaline pH, and slightly increased above pH 10. However, buffer concentration and ionic strength influenced the hydrolysis rate and had to be accounted for before constructing a pH rate profile. Hydrolysis seems to depend on the dielectric constant of solvent mixtures and was fastest in water, slower in propylene glycol and ethanol solutions, and slowest in DMSO mixtures. In surfactant solutions, anionic micelles enhanced and cationic micelles retarded the hydrolysis rate. The magnitude of micellar effects decreased with increasing concentrations of the surfactants. The increased solubility and faster hydrolysis of amitraz in the sodium lauryl sulfate solutions showed that anionic surfactants potentially could be used for cleaning up amitraz spills, because it both solubilized the drug and catalyzed hydrolysis.     

改性CMC聚合物吸附酸法地浸废水中的铀

在温度为70～80℃、单体质量浓度为30%～35%、羧甲基纤维素∶丙烯酸(质量比)为10∶2.5、反应时间为3.5～4 h条件下对CMC进行改性,接枝率可达68%以上。以改性前后的CMC为吸附剂,对模拟酸法地浸含铀废水进行了对比吸附实验研究。结果表明:改性CMC对铀吸附效果最佳的实验条件为:改性CMC质量浓度为0.10 g/L,温度为25℃,pH为5.0,吸附时间100 min,此时铀去除率达到了97.1%,比CMC改性后对铀的吸附率平均提高了近21%。影响吸附效果程度由强到弱的顺序为:改性CMC投加量、pH、吸附时间、温度。     

Responses of the mussel Anodontites trapesialis (Unionidae) to environmental stressors: effect of pH, temperature and metals on filtration rate

To evaluate the suitability of the tropical freshwater mussel Anodontites trapesialis for ecotoxicity assays, we tested the effects of temperature, pH, and Cd, Cu and Zn on its filtration rate. This is a relevant, sensible sublethal endpoint given the ecological role that this mussel plays in Amazonian environments. Filtration rate was calculated from the clearance of algae, fed to mussels at different temperature, pH and metal concentrations. Filtration rate was highest at 20 degrees C and pH 8, and decreased at low temperatures and pH. For all metals clear dose-response relationships were found. Cd exerted the most toxic effects (EC(50filtration) 64microg/L) followed by Cu (605microg/L) and Zn (4064microg/L). Metal mixtures representing present pollution levels clearly affected filtration rates. The results suggest that A. trapesialis is a suitable ecotoxicological test organism for the Amazonian region.     

Kinetics and stoichiometry of aerobic sulfide oxidation in wastewater from sewers-effects of pH and temperature.

Kinetics and stoichiometry of aerobic chemical and biological sulfide oxidation in wastewater from sewer networks were studied. In this respect, the effects of temperature and pH were investigated in the ranges 10 to 20 degrees C and 5 to 9, respectively. The temperature dependency of sulfide oxidation kinetics was described using an Arrhenius relationship. The effect of pH on the rate of chemical sulfide oxidation is related to the dissociation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to hydrogen sulfide ion (HS(-)), with HS(-) being more readily oxidized than H2S. Biological sulfide oxidation exhibited the highest rates at ambient wastewater pH, and the reaction was inhibited at both low and high pH values. Chemical sulfide oxidation was found to produce thiosulfate and sulfate, while elemental sulfur was the main product of biological sulfide oxidation. Based on the investigations, general rate equations and stoichiometric constants were determined, enabling the processes to be incorporated to conceptual sewer process models.     

活性炭负载Fe^3＋催化H2O2氧化邻苯二甲酸二甲酯

将Fe3＋负载在活性炭上制得载铁催化剂Fe/AC,并研究了该催化剂对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）的催化降解性能。通过正交实验和单因素实验,探讨了催化剂投加量、H2O2投加量、溶液pH值和反应温度对水中DMP降解率的影响,同时对DMP矿化度进行了分析。实验结果表明,制得的载铁催化剂具有较高的催化活性;降解效果的影响顺序是反应温度〉催化剂投加量〉H2O2投加量〉溶液pH值;在反应温度为80℃、催化剂投加量为4 g/L、H2O2投加量为20 mL/L和溶液pH值为3的条件下反应120 min后,质量浓度为10 mg/L的DMP降解率最高可达97.73%;在优化的实验条件下反应150 min,DMP矿化度可达62.73%;催化剂反复使用5次仍具有较好的催化活性,DMP降解率仍可达到77%以上;反应过程中溶液Fe3＋浓度的变化维持在1.07 mg/L左右,且可推测催化降解DMP主要是由非均相和均相催化氧化反应共同作用的。