共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 143 毫秒
1.
以缺氧-好氧(AO)工艺为参照,利用454焦磷酸测序技术研究了缺氧-好氧-沉淀-厌氧(A+ OSA)污泥减量工艺真核生物分布特征.实验结果表明,A+ OSA污泥减量工艺真核生物丰富度与多样性均低于AO参照工艺,两工艺主要真核生物门为环节动物门Annelida,纤毛虫门Intramacronucleata和SAR超类群(不等鞭毛生物Stramenopiles,囊泡虫Alveolates,有孔虫Rhizaria),Annelida及SAR相对含量在减量工艺中明显减低.纲水平分类结果表明,前口纲Prostomatea在减量工艺中消失,寡膜纲Oligohymenophorea在减量工艺贮泥池中成为优势真核生物.A+OSA污泥减量工艺贮泥池中选择性富集真核生物Oligohymenophorea表明微型生物捕食作用存在该工艺中,对减量工艺的污泥减量具有贡献. 相似文献
2.
《环境工程学报》2020,(9)
解决剩余污泥问题的关键是将污泥原位减量技术(过程处理)与剩余污泥处理处置技术(末端处理)相结合,对污泥实施联合处理。污泥原位减量技术是在保证出水达标的前提下,尽量促进微生物降解有机物产能用于热逸散而非增殖的一种污水处理技术,其(非生物捕食)主要通过溶胞-隐性生长、解耦联代谢和维持代谢等方式影响污泥中微生物的增殖、衰亡和水解,进而降低剩余污泥产量。为系统了解当前污泥减量技术的驱动机制及关键问题,在分析污泥增殖和微生物新陈代谢途径的基础上,梳理了减量技术对微生物生长(电子受体、代谢解偶联及维持能)、衰减(饥饿、噬菌体、温度、辐射、极端环境及生物抗性)及水解(水解及水解强化)的影响机制及内部驱动,明确了基于微生物代谢过程的减量技术的不足及其对污水处理效果的影响;在总结各类原位减量技术利弊的基础上,展望了污泥原位减量技术的应用前景。 相似文献
3.
《环境工程学报》2016,(8)
通过在厌氧-好氧-沉淀-厌氧(anaerobic-oxic-settling-anaerobic,A-OSA)工艺中添加复合腐殖生物填料,使之形成腐殖活性污泥A-OSA(humic activated sludge A-OSA process,HS-A-OSA)工艺后,研究了污泥在厌氧反应池内不同停留时间(3、5.5和7 h)的HS-A-OSA工艺污泥减量效果、污染物去除效能及污泥沉降性能的影响。结果表明,在同等条件下,与A-OSA参照工艺相比,HS-A-OSA工艺的污泥产量降低了16.3%~23.0%,化学需氧量(COD)去除率略高,氨氮(NH+4-N)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的去除率分别提高了7.0%~11.2%、9.9%~10.4%和11.9%~13.8%,污泥体积指数(SVI)稳定在66.8 m L·g-1左右。综合考虑认为,对于HS-A-OSA工艺而言,系统中的活性污泥在厌氧反应池内停留时间为5.5 h时,污泥减量及污染物去除效果最佳。 相似文献
4.
A/O工艺处理印染废水的实践与探讨 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
结合工程实例,简单介绍了A/O工艺的特点,分析了A/O工艺的水质、污泥脱氢酶活性、微生物等.结果发现:(1)A/O工艺的COD去除率可以达到87.5%~98.0%,其中水解酸化池的贡献较大,COD去除率达到50%~78%;SS去除率达到了98%~99%;pH从进水的强碱性下降到7~8;只有色度的处理效果不理想.(2)水解酸化池中的污泥脱氢酶活性总体上比曝气池中的污泥强;水解酸化池和曝气池中的污泥脱氢酶活性较稳定,且抗冲击能力较强.(3)水解酸化池和曝气池中的菌胶团紧实、边缘清晰、沉降性能较好.经过鉴定发现,水解酸化池与曝气池中存在相同的微生物,且以假单胞菌和产碱杆菌为主. 相似文献
5.
膜生物反应器中不同阶段微生物群落结构演变的研究 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
为了研究膜生物反应器(membrane bioreactor, 简称MBR)中微生物群落结构的演变情况,对不同阶段运行状况下(包括培养驯化阶段、初期增长阶段、污泥流失阶段和恢复成熟阶段4个阶段)污泥中的微生物进行了考察。从MBR污泥中提取细菌总基因组DNA,进行聚合酶链式反应变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)图谱的直观分析,以及总细菌的Shannon多样性指数、各污泥样品的相似性分析和聚类分析。研究表明,反应器中的微生物群落比较丰富。不同的阶段状况下,微生物的群落结构变化比较明显,能够比较好地反映MBR的运行状况和系统处理效能的关系,并且发现微生物的群落结构能够随着反应器的运行状况的变化做出调整恢复。 相似文献
6.
水解酸化应用于剩余污泥减量的试验研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
碱减量印染废水生物处理剩余污泥接种培养成熟的水解酸化菌,通过它们的新陈代谢作用,可以实现系统内生命物质的更新和减量,同时降解了污泥吸附的有机物等,达到对剩余污泥减量的目的.在系统污泥减量初期,水解酸化作用对微生物的"液化"、内容物释放和对有机物的生物降解作用是污泥减量的主要原因;随着中间代谢产物的积累,微生物活性受到抑制,试验后期剩余污泥减量主要是微生物内源呼吸的结果.试验条件下,接种了成熟水解酸化细菌的 2 组剩余污泥 MLSS 浓度分别为 7.765 和 11.250 g/L,MLVSS 浓度分别为 4.466和 6.360 g/L,经过 513 h后 MLSS、MLVSS 浓度较开始时分别下降了 40.31%、45.73%和 54.85%、63.18%.一定污泥浓度范围,污泥减量效果与污泥浓度正相关. 相似文献
7.
8.
剩余污泥减量化工艺条件优化研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
运用超声处理连续流活性污泥系统中不同种类的污泥,并将其回流至原系统中,研究其剩余污泥减量化效果。按正交实验设计并进行试验,确定最优工艺条件。结果表明:当声能密度为0.6 W/mL,作用时间为5 min,超声污泥为混合污泥,回流比为7∶120时,减量效果最佳。且在该条件下经一周期的运行,污泥减量效果达到96.24%,COD由进水的830 mg/L降至44 mg/L,NH4+-N和TN分别由进水的62.43 mg/L和103.19 mg/L,降解到2.31 mg/L和6.52 mg/L,达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级排放标准。 相似文献
9.
10.
间歇好氧硫酸盐废水处理系统微生物区系解析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用PCR-DGGE(polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis)技术和16S rDNA序列测定对间歇好氧硫酸盐废水处理工艺的微生物群落结构进行了研究.采集味精厂好氧池原始污泥以及实验室内间歇好氧工艺驯化后不同条件下的活性污泥样品,通过基因组DNA的提取、PCR扩增和DGGE分离,初步分析了各污泥样品的微生物群落多样性,结果表明,PCR-DGGE方法可以在一定程度上反映工艺以及操作条件对微生物群落结构的影响.通过DGGE反复分离纯化及割胶回收,DGGE检验为单一条带后进行测序并提交到GenBank数据库比对,结果表明,间歇好氧硫酸盐系统中优势菌株大多数为未培养细菌,来源于不同的污染环境,具有重要污染物降解的生态功能,其中包括与硫酸盐还原菌(Desulfobulbus propionicus)在系统发育上非常接近的菌株. 相似文献
11.
Bioleaching processes have been demonstrated to be effective technologies in removing heavy metals from wastewater sludge, but long hydraulic retention times are typically required to operate these bioprocesses. A hybrid process (coupling biological and chemical processes) has been explored in laboratory pilot-scale experiments for heavy metals (cadmium [Cd], copper [Cu], chromium [Cr], and zinc [Zn]) removal from three types of sludge (primary sludge, secondary activated sludge, and a mixture of primary and secondary sludge). The hybrid process consisted of producing a concentrate ferric ion solution followed by chemical treatment of sludges. Ferric iron solution was produced biologically via oxidation of ferrous iron by A. ferrooxidans in a continuous-flow stirred tank (5.2 L) reactor (CSTR). Wastewater sludge filtrate (WSF) containing nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen) has been used as culture media to support the growth and activity of indigenous iron-oxidizing bacteria. Results showed that total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations of the culture media in excess of 235 mg/L were found to be inhibitory to bacterial growth. The oxidation rate increased as ferrous iron concentrations ranged from 10 to 40 g Fe2+/L. The percentage of ferrous iron (Fe2+) oxidized to ferric iron (Fe3+) increased as the hydraulic retention time (HRT) increased from 12 to 48 h. Successful and complete Fe2+ oxidation was recorded at a HRT of 48 h using 10 g Fe2+/L. Subsequently, ferric ion solution produced by A. ferrooxidans in sludge filtrate was used to solubilize heavy metals contained in wastewater sludge. The best solubilization was obtained with a mixture of primary and secondary sludge, demonstrating a removal efficiency of 63, 71, 49, and 80% for Cd, Cu, Cr, and Zn, respectively. 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
探讨适用于PCR-DGGE分析研究的活性污泥细菌和真菌的DNA提取方法。采用5种方法提取活性污泥微生物基因组DNA,以DNA纯度、含量、片段大小及DGGE条带多样性作为考察指标评价提取方法的优劣,以确定最佳实验方案。紫外吸收法和琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果显示,试剂盒法提取的DNA含量最低,其余4种方法获得的DNA含量无显著差异,就DNA纯度而言,试剂盒法最优;除高温裂解法对真菌细胞壁裂解效果较差外,其他4种方法均能不同程度地裂解细菌和真菌细胞;DGGE结果表明,高温裂解法获得的细菌条带最多,基于SDS的细胞裂解法得到的真菌条带最多。综合分析,高温裂解法更适合于活性污泥中细菌的PCR-DGGE分析,基于SDS的细胞裂解法则更适合于污泥中真菌的PCR-DGGE分析。 相似文献
15.
16.
由于反应沉淀一体化反应器的HRT与SRT不同,因此HRT是否会影响反应器中氮的存在状态,亚硝态氮积累是否能实现尚无明确结论。针对以上问题,研究不同水力停留时间对反应沉淀一体化反应器中半亚硝化反应的影响,研究结果表明:反应器运行虽然运行过程中无污泥流失,但仍可实现亚硝酸盐的积累,出水亚硝态氮和氨氮的浓度比例受水力停留时间的影响。HRT为24 h时,亚硝酸盐积累率可达到70%,但出水氨氮接近于0,很难满足ANAMMOX 的进水要求;HRT为16 h和12 h时,亚硝酸盐积累率均可超过80%,出水氨氮和亚硝态氮的比例分别达到1.39:1和1.46:1,可为后续ANAMMOX反应提供良好进水条件。水力停留时间对污泥亚硝化潜力的影响为12 h>16 h>24 h,对硝化潜力的影响为24 h>16 h>12 h。不同水力停留时间下氨氧化速率和亚硝酸盐氧化速率均为24 h>16 h>12 h。 相似文献
17.
Burr G Hume M Ricke S Nisbet D Gatlin D 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2008,43(3):253-260
This study examined the effects of brewers yeast, fructooligosaccharide (FOS), and GroBiotic-A, a mixture of partially autolyzed brewers yeast, dairy components and dried fermentation products, on the intestinal microbial community of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. Gastrointestinal (GI) tracts were aseptically removed from three sub-adult red drum previously maintained on a commercial diet and placed in an anaerobic chamber. Intestinal contents were removed, diluted and incubated in vitro in one of four liquid media: normal diet alone, diet + 2% (w/w) GroBiotic-A, diet + 2% brewers yeast, and diet + 2% FOS. After 24 and 48 h of incubation at 25 degrees C, supernatants were removed for volatile fatty acid (VFA) analysis and DNA was extracted for denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on a highly conserved region of M 16S rDNA and the amplicons were subjected to DGGE. The microbial community (MC) fingerprint was used to distinguish microbial populations. The intestinal contents incubated with GroBiotic-A had significantly (P<0.05) higher acetate and total VFA concentrations at 48 h compared to the other treatments. DGGE analysis demonstrated that the microbial community was significantly altered by Grobiotic-A and brewers yeast. 相似文献
18.
Wastewaters containing chlorophenol compounds are difficult to treat by biological means because of the toxic effects of those compounds on microorganisms. To investigate the adverse effects of chlorophenols on microorganisms, synthetic wastewater containing 2,4 dichlorophenol (DCP) was biologically treated in an activated sludge unit at different hydraulic residence times (HRTs) between 5 and 40 hours, whereas the feed chemical oxygen demand (COD), DCP concentrations, and sludge age were kept constant at 2500 +/- 50 mg/L, 150 mg/L, and 20 days, respectively. The resazurin method based on dehydrogenase activity was used for assessment of the feed and effluent wastewater toxicity. Percent COD, DCP, and toxicity removals increased, and the effluent COD, DCP, and toxicity levels decreased with increasing HRT. Biomass concentration in the aeration tank increased with increasing HRT because of low levels of DCP at high HRT levels, resulting in high COD, DCP, and toxicity removals. The sludge volume index decreased with increasing HRT, yielding well-settling organisms as a result of low levels of toxicity and high concentrations of active cells. Percent DCP and COD removals decreased with increasing specific DCP loading rate. The rates of DCP and COD removals showed a maximum at a low DCP concentration of 6 mg/L in the aeration tank, corresponding to a 25-hour HRT. 相似文献