城市产业水污染控制优化研究——以株洲市为例

针对城市产业水污染状况，应用产业结构和工业行业结构优化模型，试图找出城市产业结构调整方法。研究以株洲市为例，根据株洲市产业结构和行业结构特点对模型进行改进和最优化计算。计算结果表明，产业和行业生产用水的调整可以减少废水排放量和实现经济增长。在此基础上，提出了株洲市产业和行业凋整方案，以期实现城市经济发展与环境保护协调发雇。     

基于PM2.5全面达标的广东省产业结构调整策略研究

为科学指导广东省进一步开展大气污染综合防治,运用统计分析和空气质量模拟方法,分析广东省实现各城市PM_(2.5)浓度全面达标的污染物减排需求,尤其是产业结构调整的需求。结合各行业的污染物排放强度,识别广东省加强产业结构优化调整工作需要关注的重点行业领域,并提出相应政策建议。结果表明,仅依靠既定的末端治理和能源、交通结构调整措施无法实现2020年广东省各城市PM_(2.5)浓度全面达标的目标,产业结构调整在SO_2、NO_x、挥发性有机物(VOCs)的减排中至少需发挥11%～19%的减排贡献作用,重点应针对区域内的非金属矿物制品、电力热力生产和供应、黑色金属冶炼和压延加工、造纸、纺织印染、化学纤维制造等行业进行调控,主动淘汰落后产能。     

浙江省太湖流域工业结构性污染特征分析与调控对策

通过对工业内部各行业的产业竞争力、污染贡献率、经济贡献率、相对环境绩效等方面的分析,全面、系统、深入地揭示了浙江省太湖流域工业的结构性污染问题.在此基础上,对工业内部32个行业进行分类,分析各行业的经济与环境协调发展的水平与特征,并分别提出产业结构调整的思路和对策建议.     

上海青浦工业园区行业发展和产业分类

采用2007年国务院全国污染源普查的能耗和水耗基础数据,计算了上海青浦工业园区20个行业的绿色距离和生态化实现度,并分析各行业的发展状况.基于万元工业产值能耗和万元工业产值水耗,对20个行业进行了划分,清楚地提供了工业园区的高消耗产业、中类产业、低消耗产业的划分情况.     

印染行业清洁生产技术

论述了目前印染行业水污染的现状及原因，指出调整产业结构、应用新工艺、大力提倡节约用水、清沽生产将是印染行业实现可持续发展的必由之路。     

工业园产业生态系统多样性评价研究

多样性是衡量开发区产业生态系统持续发展的重要内容,对开发区产业生态系统的组成完善、功能结构优化、规模竞争活力、稳定演化会产生重要影响。借鉴Shannon-Weaver生物多样性指数方法进行南通经济技术开发区产业生态系统结构多样性评价,类推多样性自然规律在产业生态系统的适用,结果表明,开发区产业结构组分多样性指数随整体产业规模扩大呈逐年下降趋势,系统存在不稳定;由结构元到结构网(Hu-Hc-Hn)产业生态系统中存在结构多样性递减趋势,系统功能多样性不完备。针对当前低碳经济产业发展要求,探讨了综合性开发区产业生态系统应采用改变新的组织形式、调整政策来恢复和保持产业系统调节功能的生态化模式,不仅为生态产业的构建和管理者提供决策依据,而且为调整组分、改善结构功能、提高竞争力提供较为直观的决策依据。     

广东省“十二五”节能减碳下降潜力分析及对策研究

"十二五"期间,国家下达的广东省节能减排任务是单位GDP碳耗下降18%,同时单位GDP CO2排放量(碳强度)下降19.5%,顺利实现双指标任务,节能减碳任务艰巨。从能源结构调整、产业结构调整和能效提高3大途径入手,寻找"十二五"广东省节能减碳潜力所在,提出实现节能减碳目标的对策建议。研究表明,在"能源结构与产业结构调整"双管齐下的情形下,重点发展第二产业和第三产业中的低耗能行业,提高高耗能行业的能源利用率等措施,到"十二五"期末广东省可实现能耗强度下降率超出目标值1.2百分点,碳强度下降率超出目标值6.9百分点。     

产业与环境协调发展的实证分析——以上海市为例

1978年以来,上海市产业发展经历了“改革开放成就工业快速复苏”、“浦东开发引领经济加速增长”和“‘四个中心’助力服务业发展”3个阶段.分析了上海市产业优化发展的环境效应.结果表明,上海市在促进产业结构调整、技术进步和布局优化的同时,加快了环境基础设施建设,强化了环境监管,从而实现了污染排放强度下降、区域污染逐步得到控...     

株洲市公园土壤重金属污染现状及评价

随着城市化和工业化进程的推进,城市及其周边地区已受到明显的重金属污染.研究了株洲市4个公园5个土壤样品的重金属污染特征,研究表明,Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、Pb、Ni、Hg、As的平均值分别为52.43、129.15、66.37、0.55、48.82、30.36、0.08、4.80mg/kg.以2003年株洲市土壤重金属...     

流域水源地污染成因分析与保护对策——以潭江牛湾段水源地保护为例

通过对潭江流域水污染源的分析 ,提出了保护水源地水质安全的对策 :实施污染物总量控制 ;调整产业结构 ;加快城市生活污水处理设施建设 ,提高生活污水的处理率 ;加强禽畜养殖管理 ,严格控制养殖规模     

Impact of the global economic crisis on metal levels in particulate matter (PM) at an urban area in the Cantabria Region (Northern Spain)

Air pollution by particulate matter is well linked with anthropogenic activities; the global economic crisis that broke out in the last year may be a proper indicator of this close relationship. Some economic indicators show the regional effects of the crisis on the Cantabria Region. The present work aims to evaluate the impact of the economic crisis on PM10 levels and composition at the major city of the region, Santander. Some metals linked to anthropogenic activities were measured at Santander and studied by Positive Matrix Factorization; this statistical analysis allowed to identify three main factors: urban background, industrial and molybdenum-related factor. The main results show that the temporal trend of the levels of the industrial tracers found in the present study are well agree with the evolution of the studied economic indicators; nevertheless, the urban background tracers and PM10 concentration levels are not well correlated with the studied economic indicators.     

大气污染物扩散模式的应用研究综述

应用大气污染物扩散模式可以模拟不同尺度、气象、地形条件下工业污染物在大气中的输送与扩散特征,为大气监测、城市环境规划和空气质量预报等工作提供科学依据.归纳了目前广泛应用于模拟工业污染物扩散的模式,着重介绍了近年来国内外对这些模式的主要应用研究进展,比较了各模式在应用上的优缺点,并对大气污染物扩散模式的应用研究前景进行了讨论.     

Bioavailability evaluation,uptake of heavy metals and potential health risks via dietary exposure in urban-industrial areas

A verity of human activities i.e. urbanization and industrialization have been resulted serious environmental contaminations by heavy metals in all over the world. The settlement of populations in urban and nearby industrial areas for economic development has significant share in their exposure to these metallic contaminants. Depending on the nature and type of the pollutants, targeted urban-industrial environments can have harmful and chronic health risk impacts on exposed local inhabitants and may require detoxification, healing and remedial therapy. Consequently, environmental monitoring as well as human health risk assessments of urban environments under industrial influence are key dominant features. We believe this work will provide new insights into the studies of metals exposure and associated health risks in emerging industrials cities of developing countries. Present study aimed to study the bioavailability of metals, quantify the changeability in soil and vegetable metal concentrations and estimation of human health risks via dietary exposure, focusing on urban-industrial environment. Soil and vegetable samples were collected in six random sites within the urban, periurban and industrial areas and analyzed for metal concentrations. In addition, risk assessment model proposed by US-EPA was employed to estimate the potential health risk of heavy metals via dietary intake. Results indicated that the heavy metal concentrations were noteworthy in periurban and urban-industrial areas. However, contamination levels varied with the type of vegetable, and the point source pollution such as traffic, urban wastes and industrial effluent. According to the estimated THQ and HI values for non-carcinogenic risk, little or no negative impact of heavy metals was observed on local inhabitants. However, the concentrations of Cr, Cd, Pb and Ni were nearly closed to the permissible limits described by US-EPA in urban-industrial areas. Conclusively, some efficient remedial strategies should be focus to overcome the increasing levels of Cr, Cd, Pb and Ni in this study area to protect the health of local inhabitants.     

重金属污染土壤淋洗技术的基础研究与工程应用进展

随着城市结构调整,工业企业易地搬迁后遗留下大量污染场地,严重威胁人居环境,亟待开展土壤修复.土壤淋洗技术具有工艺简单、处理范围广、修复效率高和治理费用相对低廉等优点,是目前修复重金属污染土壤最有效的技术之一,同时对于有机物污染土壤也具有显著修复效果.经过大量资料、文献调研,系统梳理土壤淋洗技术在国内的研究现状,结合实际...     

a rapid emission survey procedure for industrial air pollutants

A methodology has been developed to calculate industrial air pollutant emissions with an absolute minimum of effort. The procedure is dependent upon available industrial fuel data for Standard Industrial Classifications for Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as published by the Census of Manufacturers. Emission factors were developed which include both combustion and process losses and six SIC classifications which consume, on the average, about 80 per cent of the industrial fuels in urban areas. In spite of the diversity of industrial processes which dictate the weight of emissions discharged from industrial operation, factors have been developed which are considered representative for urban areas across the nation. The development of such factors permits the calculation of industrial emissions with a minimum of man-hours. The developed procedure allows the calculation of industrial emissions on an urban basis, a state basis, or a nation basis.     

我国中小城市大气污染总量控制研究

本文提出了一套适合于我国中小城市大气污染总量控制研究的技术路线和模型。通过环境容量规划和污染综合治理规划的有机结合，从而达到以优化的方式协调经济发展与环境保护的矛盾。对镇江市的应用结果表明，本文提出的技术路线和模型是合理可行的。所给出的总量控制方案既能符合经济发展的需要，又能经济有效地控制并改善区域的大气环境质量。     

Eco-industrial zones in the context of sustainability development of urban areas

Industry is one of the main activities in the city and in many cities of the world, and the dominant industrial zones are the most significant morphological forms of concentration of industrial facilities in the city and are concentrated industrial and business activity. Industrial parks combine activities related to energy and resource consumption, emissions, waste generation, economic benefits, and regional development. The focus of this work is the path of transformation between the present and the vision of a sustainable city in the future. The problem and the subject of research related to two related objects of research: the city and sustainable development. In this paper, the co-author’s industrial symbiosis parks, modern tendencies of the spatial distribution of productive activities, circular economy, to attract leading corporations and open the way for new ventures while preserving the living environment in an urban area.

     

The study of urban metabolism and its applications to urban planning and design

Following formative work in the 1970s, disappearance in the 1980s, and reemergence in the 1990s, a chronological review shows that the past decade has witnessed increasing interest in the study of urban metabolism. The review finds that there are two related, non-conflicting, schools of urban metabolism: one following Odum describes metabolism in terms of energy equivalents; while the second more broadly expresses a city's flows of water, materials and nutrients in terms of mass fluxes. Four example applications of urban metabolism studies are discussed: urban sustainability indicators; inputs to urban greenhouse gas emissions calculation; mathematical models of urban metabolism for policy analysis; and as a basis for sustainable urban design. Future directions include fuller integration of social, health and economic indicators into the urban metabolism framework, while tackling the great sustainability challenge of reconstructing cities.     

Heterogeneous environmental regulations and green economic efficiency in China: the mediating role of industrial structure

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Industrial upgrading is the key to promoting green economic efficiency. Coordination between environmental regulations and industrial structure can...