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乌梁素海表层沉积物重金属与营养元素含量的统计分析 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
对乌梁素海表层沉积物营养盐与重金属的分布情况进行研究,应用SPSS统计分析软件对乌梁素海表层沉积物重金属与营养元素进行相关分析和因子分析,并对重金属元素进行聚类分析。营养元素与重金属间的相关分析表明:重金属元素Cu、Cr、Pb和Cd相互间具有极显著的正相关性;有机质与As和Hg呈极显著的正相关;总氮与Hg呈极显著相关,与As呈显著相关,而与Pb呈极显著负相关,与Cd呈显著负相关;总磷与As呈显著负相关。重金属元素间的R-型聚类分析结果将本论文研究的9种金属元素分为3类。采用主成分分析法对乌梁素海表层沉积物重金属与营养元素进行因子分析,得到4个因子,并进一步分析讨论了各主成分的科学内涵。 相似文献
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曝气生物滤池技术研究与应用进展 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
曝气生物滤池是一种将生物氧化机理与深床过滤机理有机结合的新型污水生物处理技术。本文对曝气生物滤池的工艺原理、工艺特点、工艺形式进行了综合评述,对其在城市生活污水处理中去污效能、启动方式、反冲洗形式及理想填料的应用与最新研究进展进行了详细介绍,尤其对目前曝气生物滤池存在的优点与不足进行了针对性的分析。对曝气生物滤池的运行机理进行深入探讨,并进一步加强对曝气生物滤池与其他工艺组合的优化研究,将完善曝气生物滤池的工艺体系,拓宽其使用范围。因此,曝气生物滤池将在我国污水处理中具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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河流污染状态一般采用化学水质或生物等指标单独描述,目前尚缺少简便易行且可同时从化学与生物角度进行定量描述的指标。针对这一问题,采用三维荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱与呼吸图谱联用的分析方法研究了纳污河、自然水体与污水处理厂各处理单元水样的溶解性有机物(DOM)的空间分布特征与河流微生物的呼吸特征。结果表明,光谱法可快速对河流有机污染物的种类进行辨别,而呼吸图谱具有识别河流自净能力的特点,其中类色氨酸(T峰与D峰)、类酪氨酸(S峰)、腐殖质(C峰)、富里酸(A峰)是指示不同污染程度的重要指标。通过呼吸图谱与荧光光谱联用(T峰)可快速对污染程度和自净能力进行区分,从而为河流的管理与自净能力的恢复提供参考。 相似文献
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为了对不同比例的二丁与连翘药渣堆肥腐熟度进行评价,采用条垛式好氧堆肥方式,将二丁和连翘两种药渣按照5种不同的比例进行堆肥处理,通过分析堆肥过程中温度、pH、C/N和发芽指数等指标的变化规律,对堆肥腐熟度进行评价。结果表明:在试验处理条件下及堆肥周期内,单一药渣堆肥的两组处理未能完全腐熟,混合药渣堆肥的3组处理均已达到完全腐熟的标准,说明两种药渣混合后进行堆肥,可以有效促进堆肥的顺利进行,且二丁与连翘比例为2∶1(质量比)时发酵效果最好。3组混合药渣的发酵产物可以作为有机肥或土壤改良剂施用,也可以与化肥配合,制备成有机/无机配方肥。 相似文献
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以成都粘土为原料,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HDTMA)为改性剂制备有机改性土,并将其应用于垃圾渗滤液的预处理。采用单因素静态吸附实验,以粘土对垃圾渗滤液COD和氨氮的去除率作为考查指标,初步探究有机改性土预处理垃圾渗滤液的适宜条件;并对有机改性粘土及原土进行性能表征,初步分析其吸附机理。研究结果表明,有机土的处理效果明显优于原土,处理效果上比原土提高了1.6~2.3倍;有机土预处理垃圾渗滤液适宜条件为:投加量120 g/L、搅拌速度200 r/min、搅拌时间50 min、pH=7、静置时间为6 h。 相似文献
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Stephanie L Molloy Annabel E Montgomery Debra E Huffman Joan B Rose 《Water environment research》2006,78(9):1013-1016
A method for the detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in sediment and wastewater biosolids has been developed using immunomagnetic separation kits that were designed for use with water. This method requires no pretreatment of the sediment or biosolids samples before the commercial kit application. Oocyst recovery efficiencies from sediment and biosolids using the modified Dynal (Lake Success, New York) and Crypto-Scan commercial methods (Immucell Corporation, Portland, Maine) ranged from 20 to 60%. While the sensitivity of the method is dependent on the amount of sediment processed and the equivalent volume examined under the microscope, it was able to detect 0.48 oocysts per gram dry weight sediment. Using this method, Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were found at levels as high as 97 oocysts/g of primary biosolids and at levels up to 4 oocysts/g in polluted sediment. 相似文献
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再生水中消毒副产物——卤乙酸的测定方法研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
参照美国国家环保局(USEPA)推荐的饮用水卤乙酸类消毒副产物测定方法(Method 552.3),通过优化该方法的预处理条件和改变检测方法,提出了酸化萃取-衍生化-中和萃取-GC-MS测定再生水中卤乙酸含量的分析方法,并分析了北方某市再生水中4种卤乙酸类消毒副产物含量。结果表明,该方法适用于我国再生水水质,能够有效地消除再生水中共存污染物的干扰;其相对标准偏差(n=7)小于10%,方法的精密度较好;检出限与USEPA方法基本一致;样品加标回收率满足USEPA 6251B标准方法中(100±30)%要求;再生水中的卤乙酸比自来水高出几十倍,对环境和人类存在一定的潜在危害。 相似文献
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A comparative characterization of dissolved organic matter by means of original aqueous samples and isolated humic substances 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
The aim of our study is to test the use of less time-consuming spectroscopic methods applied on original water samples in order to obtain information about DOM composition without any sample preparation. These results were directly compared with results from a conventional isolation and characterization procedure of dissolved humic substances (fulvic acids – FA) isolated from the same water sample. FAs were characterized by UV-, fluorescence-, FTIR spectroscopy and elemental composition. UV absorbance and fluorescence behavior of FAs and original water samples follow the same pattern. A lower UV absorbance and a lower humification index (derived from the synchronous fluorescence spectra) of about 15% is typical for water samples compared to the FAs. We computed linear relationships between properties of the original water sample (UV-, synchronous fluorescence spectra) and the isolated FA (IR absorption, C/N ratio). The application of synchronous fluorescence and UV spectroscopy of aqueous samples has been proved to result in similar information about DOM composition as the characterization of isolated humic substances concerning the content of aromatic structures and the degree of humification. 相似文献
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Three simple steady-state water-chemistry models are used to calculate critical loads of sulfur for lakes in Finland. Because of the high concentrations of organic matter in Finnish lakes, the influence of organic anions on the calculation of critical loads has been given special attention. The first two methods are well known ion-balance methods which have been used in many previous lake-acidification studies. The third method, developed for this study, includes the numerical solution of equilibrium equations for organic anions, inorganic carbon species and inorganic monomeric aluminum. The original pH and aluminum concentration of the lakes are estimated with this model, and a method to estimate the original acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) by simulating a Gran-titration is also tested on the lake data. Uncertainty in the predictions is estimated by varying the most critical model parameters. 相似文献
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为全面、科学地评价锡山区水环境质量状况,提出对原有评价体系作出修改,即对原评价体系中,评价因子的没定、综合污染指数计算法、水污染程度的判定方法等作了一定改进。 相似文献
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An alternative, low cost method for analyzing mercury in soil, sediment and gold mining residues was developed, optimized and applied to 30 real samples. It is semiquantitative, performed using an acid extraction pretreatment step, followed by mercury reduction and collection in a detecting paper containing cuprous iodide. A complex is formed with characteristic color whose intensity is proportional to mercury concentration in the original sample. The results are reported as range of concentration and the minimum detectable is 100 ng/g. Method quality assurance was performed by comparing results obtained using the alternative method and the Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry techniques. The average results from duplicate analysis by CVAAS were 100% coincident with alternative method results. The method is applicable for screening tests and can be used in regions where a preliminary diagnosis is necessary, at programs of environmental surveillance or by scientists interested in investigating mercury geochemistry. 相似文献