锆负载树脂用于含氟废水深度处理的研究

本文研制了一种以火力发电厂废树脂为载体的锆负载型氟离子吸附剂，并在评价了该树脂以氟离子的吸附性能之后探讨了该树脂用于火力发电厂含氟废水深度处理的可能性。研究结果表明，锆的最佳负载的最佳浓度为0．5mol／L，该负载树的最佳吸附pH为3．0－4．0，用填充柱进行的实验结果表明，pH＝3的吸附容量显著高于pH＝4时的值。利用该树脂对火力发电厂模拟含氟废水进行了双柱串联吸附工艺处理，当柱流量为35mL／min（SV10）、第二穿透时，第一柱的吸附容量为10228mg／L显著脂；用0．1mol／L的NaOH溶液进行再生，柱流量选择为35mL/min（SV10）时，脱附率在95％以上。     

丙烯酸改性壳聚糖磁性颗粒处理模拟废水中氨氮

以去除水产养殖废水中的氨氮，寻找安全快速高效的吸附剂为目的。以壳聚糖为原料制备丙烯酸改性壳聚糖磁性颗粒，采用单因素及正交实验方法优化制备条件，研究振荡吸附条件对吸附量的影响，进行吸附等温模型和吸附动力学研究。结果表明，最佳制备条件，丙烯酸4 mL、磁流体0.75 g、过硫酸铵1 g、戊二醛1.5 mL；最佳吸附条件，废水pH值5~9、吸附剂浓度3 g/L、吸附时间10 min；吸附过程符合二级动力学模型，以化学吸附为主；液膜扩散为限速步骤；氨氮最大吸附量为77.16 mg/g，远高于其他传统吸附剂。研究表明，丙烯酸改性壳聚糖磁性颗粒对模拟水产养殖废水的氨氮去除效果显著，具有很好的应用前景。     

以Ca（OH）2为pH调节剂的磷酸氢镁吸附法处理氨氮废水的研究

提出了以Ca（OH）2为pH调节剂、磷酸氢镁（MHP）为吸附剂的氨氮废水处理新方法（MHP吸附法）。MHP吸附法的特点是吸附产物磷酸铵镁（MAP）可通过简单的热分解再生MHP,同时回收高浓度氨水。考察了MAP热分解制备MHP的工艺条件;对氯化铵、硫酸铵及碳酸铵3种模拟氨氮废水体系,分别考察了pH值、温度、氨氮初始浓度对MHP吸附容量的影响;考察了MHP的循环使用性能。研究结果表明,MHP对氨氮具有良好的吸附性能,NH4^＋最高达到了约90mg/g。MHP在循环使用中,对低浓度氨氮废水其吸附容量呈下降趋势,但对高浓度氨氮废水具有良好的循环使用性能。     

巯基功能化13X分子筛对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附

用3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷（MPTMS）对13X分子筛表面进行修饰，采用XRD和FT—JR测试方法对功能化前后的分子筛结构进行表征，结果表明，功能化后分子筛在保持原有结构同时表面还接枝了对Ph^2＋离子有吸附能力的巯基基团。吸附实验表明，巯基功能化分子筛对水中Ph^2＋离子比原分子筛具有更强的吸附去除效果，饱和吸附容量和去除率提高近一倍。SH-13X对Ph^2＋离子的等温吸附符合Langmuir模型，最大吸附容量为47．01mg／g，吸附强度b为2．26。动力学分析表明SH-13X对Ph^2＋离子的吸附过程更符合准二级动力学模型，而且粒内扩散不是该吸附过程的主要吸附机制。溶液中的Ph“与嫁接在分子筛表面及孔口位置的-SH功能团形成配位络合物而去除。     

一种新型吸附材料的除磷性能研究

针对水体富营养化的磷，采用吸附法进行处理，制备出一种新型的除磷吸附剂，对水中磷酸盐的吸附性能进行了研究，结果表明，该吸附剂对磷酸盐的吸附速率很高，在酸性条件下，其最大吸附容量为34mg／g。当溶液pH值在1～3范围内，含磷浓度为50mg／L，吸附剂投加量为200mg，接触时间为2h，磷酸盐的去除效率可达98％以上；再生后的吸附剂容量变化不大，是一种具有较高应用价值的新型材料。     

除氟活性铝氧化物（AlOxHy-Fn）的吸附除砷性能

以活性铝氧化物AlOxHy处理某高氟地下水的中试实验获得的吸附剂废料AlOxHy-Fn为对象，考察其对三价砷（As（Ⅲ））和五价砷（As（Ⅴ））吸附去除性能，并对吸附机理进行了探讨。研究显示，AlOxHy-Fn为多孔无定型且具有不规则表面的絮状结构，比表面积为218．88m2／g，零电荷点pHZPC在pH为8左右；AlOxHy-Fn可快速吸附As（Ⅲ）和As（Ⅴ），且反应24h后的平衡吸附量分别为0．60和3．41mg／g，朗格缪尔模型可以很好地描述As（Ⅲ）和As（Ⅴ）在AlOxHy-Fn表面的吸附，且As（Ⅲ）和As（Ⅴ）的最大吸附容量分别为13．63和63．27mg／g；AlOxHy-Fn在pH=4～10范围内对As（Ⅴ）去除率在90％以上，As（Ⅲ）在中性和弱碱性pH范围内吸附效果较好，但去除率仍在32％以下。AlOxHy-Fn表面性质、砷形态分布特征等对As（Ⅲ）与As（Ⅴ）的吸附有重要影响，电负性As（Ⅴ）较电中性As（Ⅲ）更容易吸附在AlOxHy-Fn表面。AlOxHy-Fn吸附除砷过程中，在pH为6时氟溶出量最低（0．40mg／g），过高或过低pH均会导致氟溶出量增大；氟溶出量与As（Ⅴ）吸附量之间有明显正相关关系（R2=0．97），但与As（Ⅲ）吸附量无相关关系；铝溶出量在pH为4～10范围内均很低。将AlOxHy-Fn回用作为除砷吸附剂去除工业含砷废水的砷具有良好的技术经济可行性，且将As（Ⅲ）氧化为As（Ⅴ）是提高去除效果的重要手段。     

泡沫混凝土对模拟氨氮废水的吸附

氨氮废水的大量排放导致水体污染严重,如何寻求一种简单、高效的氨氮废水处理方法显得尤为重要。以泡沫混凝土作为氨氮吸附剂,通过静态吸附模拟氨氮废水实验,探索了不同建筑材料、吸附剂用量、pH值、温度和时间等因素对氨氮吸附效果的影响。实验结果表明,泡沫混凝土对氨氮有较好的吸附性能,在泡沫混凝土投加量为40.0 g·L~(-1)、pH值为8.38、温度为25℃、时间为90 min时,对于质量-体积浓度为100 mg·L~(-1)氨氮废水,氨氮的去除率达59.19%,吸附量为1.479 9 mg·g~(-1)。等温吸附表明,泡沫混凝土对氨氮的吸附符合Freundlich等温方程,对氨氮的吸附属于良性吸附;动力学吸附实验结果与准二级动力学方程拟合更好,表明泡沫混凝土对氨氮的吸附符合准二级动力学。     

Zn / Al 双金属氧化物对水中硫酸根离子的吸附性能简

研究了用Zn/Al水滑石制得的Zn/Al双金属氧化物（Zn/Al-300）吸附剂对水中硫酸根离子的吸附，考查了吸附剂投加量、初始pH等因素对硫酸根离子吸附的影响。结果表明，Zn/Al-300对水中硫酸根离子的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温方程，理论最大吸附量为62.5 mg/g。运用动力学方程进行拟合，吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程；溶液的pH影响吸附剂对硫酸根的吸附，在pH=5.5时硫酸根的去除率最大；X射线衍射结果显示，水滑石经过焙烧后丧失了原有的构形，并在吸附硫酸根离子后重新恢复水滑石的部分层状结构。吸附机制主要为Zn/Al-300从溶液中获取阴离子以重建水滑石的晶体结构，即“记忆效应”。对吸附后的双金属氧化循环应用4此后，吸附容量几乎不变，说明双金属氧化物具有可循环型。通过将Zn/Al-300与其他几种吸附剂的经济性分析，表明此吸附剂在使用过程中具有一定优势。     

用煤矸石合成4A沸石分子筛处理氨氮废水

以煤矸石为原料，采用碱熔一水热法合成4A沸石分子筛。由于煤矸石中铝、硅主要以高岭土形式存在，其活化过程是合成4A沸石分子筛关键环节。为提高4A沸石分子筛钙离子的交换能力，增加对模拟废水氨氮的去除率，实验考察了碳酸钠与煤矸石质量比、活化温度、活化时间、晶化温度和晶化时间对4A沸石分子筛钙离子交换能力的影响，同时也考察了模拟废水的pH、4A沸石分子筛加入量及吸附时间对氨氮去除率的影响。结果表明，最佳工艺条件为，碳酸钠与煤矸石质量比为0．9、活化温度为800％、活化时间1．5h、晶化温度90％和晶化时间3h。合成4A沸石分子筛的钙离子交换能力为310mg／g，在pH为6的100mL模拟氨氮废水中加入6g4A沸石分子筛吸附40min后，废水中氨氮的去除率达到86％。通过最佳工艺条件合成4A沸石分子筛，在处理氨氮废水方面具有一定的应用前景。     

非固定化和固定化啤酒酵母对Cd^2＋和Cu^2＋的吸附特性研究

对比了不同吸附剂对重金属的吸附效果，同时研究了啤酒酵母的固定化方法、菌体用量对吸附效果的影响、非同定化和固定化啤酒酵母吸附热力学特性。研究结果表明，非固定化死啤酒酵母对Cd^2＋的单位菌体吸附量是常用吸附剂活性炭的3倍；由1：3的海藻酸钠与碱处理啤酒酵母（w／w）制得的固定化颗粒吸附效果最好；菌体用量的增加会降低单位菌体对重金属的吸附量；啤酒酵母对重金属的吸附位点有限，Cd^2＋的实际最大吸附量为13．95mg／g，Cu^2＋为7．67μg／g。非固定化和固定化啤酒酵母对Cu^2＋和Cd^2＋的等温吸附过程均可用Linear方程、Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程来进行拟合，但非同定化啤酒酵母以Langmuir方程最优，其拟合计算的最大吸附量qmzxCd和qmxxCu分别为13．96mg／g和8．01mg／g；固定化啤酒酵母以Freundlich方程最优，实际最大吸附量Cd为75．41mg／g，Cu为66．58mg／g。     

粉煤灰合成沸石去除城市暴雨径流中氨氮

采用粉煤灰为原料,通过耦合碱熔-两步合成法制得3种合成沸石产品,并以合成沸石制备大粒径的功能填料。通过氨氮吸附速率实验和等温吸附实验探讨了合成沸石及功能填料的氨氮吸附速率和最大吸附容量(Qm),以功能填料构建模拟人工快速渗滤系统,研究其对城市暴雨径流中氨氮的去除效果。结果表明,合成沸石对氨氮的吸附速率极快,5min去除率约达到75%,氨氮最大吸附容量为11.36～16.13 mg/g;功能填料对氨氮的最大吸附容量有所下降,但氨氮吸附速率仍较快,应用于模拟人工快速渗滤系统时能在较高的水力负荷下快速去除城市暴雨径流中的氨氮。碱处理再生法更适于进行合成沸石功能填料原位再生,氨氮吸附容量一次再生率达到67%～87%。     

溴化十六烷基吡啶改性沸石对水中甲基橙的吸附

采用溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)对天然沸石进行改性制备得到了CPB改性沸石,通过批量吸附实验考察了CPB改性沸石对水中阴离子染料甲基橙的去除作用。结果表明,天然沸石对水中甲基橙的吸附能力很差,而CPB改性沸石则可以有效吸附去除水中的甲基橙。CPB改性沸石对水中甲基橙的吸附能力随CPB负载量的增加而增加,CPB负载量最大的改性沸石对水中甲基橙的吸附能力最强。双分子层CPB改性沸石对水中甲基橙的去除率随吸附剂投加量的增加而增加,而CPB改性沸石对水中甲基橙的单位吸附量则随吸附剂投加量的增加而降低。双分子层CPB改性沸石对水中甲基橙的吸附平衡数据可以采用Langmuir等温吸附模型加以描述。根据Langmuir模型计算得到的CPB负载量为341 mmol/(kg沸石)的双分子层CPB改性沸石对水中甲基橙的最大吸附容量为63.7 mg/g(303 K和pH 7)。准二级动力学模型适合用于描述双分子层CPB改性沸石对水中甲基橙的吸附动力学过程。pH和反应温度对双分子层CPB改性沸石吸附水中甲基橙的影响较小。以上结果说明,双分子层CPB改性沸石适合作为一种吸附剂用于去除废水中的甲基橙。     

Physical and chemical regeneration of zeolitic adsorbents for dye removal in wastewater treatment

Natural zeolite and synthetic zeolite, MCM-22, were employed as effective adsorbents for a basic dye, methylene blue, removal from wastewater. Two methods, Fenton oxidation and high temperature combustion, have been used for regeneration of used materials. It is found that MCM-22 exhibits equilibrium adsorption at 1.7 x 10(-4) mol g(-1), much higher than the adsorption of natural zeolite (5 x 10(-5) mol g(-1)) at initial dye concentration of 2.7 x 10(-5)M and 30 degrees C. Solution pH will affect the adsorption behaviour of MCM-22. Higher solution pH results in higher adsorption capacity. The regenerated adsorbents show different capacity depending on regeneration technique. Physical regeneration by high temperature combustion will be better than chemical regeneration using Fenton oxidation in producing effective adsorbents. Regeneration of MCM-22 by high temperature treatment can make the adsorbent exhibit comparable or superior adsorption capacity as compared to the fresh sample depending on the temperature and time. The optimal temperature and time will be 540 degrees C and 1h. The Fenton oxidation will recover 60% adsorption capacity. For natural zeolite, regeneration can not fully recover the adsorption capacity with the two techniques and the regenerated natural zeolites by the two techniques are similar, showing 60% adsorption capacity of fresh sample. Kinetic studies indicate that the adsorption follows pseudo-second-order kinetics.     

斜发沸石对城市污水处理厂二级出水中氨氮的处理效果研究

通过静态实验,研究天然斜发沸石去除城市污水处理二级出水中氨氮的性能。研究结果表明,投加量越大,沸石对废水中氨氮的去除率越高,但是吸附容量越低;沸石对氨氮的去除具有短时间内快速吸附,然后缓慢平衡的特点;粉末状沸石对氨氮的去除效果明显好于颗粒状沸石;pH对氨氮去除率有显著影响,pH值为6时,沸石对氨氮的去除率最高。NaCl和NaOH溶液对沸石的改性具有明显的效果,HCl溶液对沸石的改性作用不明显。     

Adsorption of ammonium ion by coconut shell-activated carbon from aqueous solution: kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies

Ammonium ions are one of the most encountered nitrogen species in polluted water bodies. High level of ammonium ion in aqueous solution imparts unpleasant taste and odor problems, which can interfere with the life of aquatics and human population when discharged. Many chemical methods are developed and being used for removal of ammonium ion from aqueous solution. Among various techniques, adsorption was found to be the most feasible and environmentally friendly with the use of natural-activated adsorbents. Hence, in this study, coconut shell-activated carbon (CSAC) was prepared and used for the removal of ammonium ion by adsorption techniques. Ammonium chloride (analytical grade) was purchased from Merck Chemicals for adsorption studies. The CSAC was used to adsorb ammonium ions under stirring at 100 rpm, using orbital shaker in batch experiments. The concentration of ammonium ion was estimated by ammonia distillate, using a Buchi distillation unit. The influence of process parameters such as pH, temperature, and contact time was studied for adsorption of ammonium ion, and kinetic, isotherm models were validated to understand the mechanism of adsorption of ammonium ion by CSAC. Thermodynamic properties such as ?G, ?H, and ?S were determined for the ammonium adsorption, using van't Hoff equation. Further, the adsorption of ammonium ion was confirmed through instrumental analyses such as SEM, XRD, and FTIR. The optimum conditions for the effective adsorption of ammonium ion onto CSAC were found to be pH 9.0, temperature 283 K, and contact time 120 min. The experimental data was best followed by pseudosecond order equation, and the adsorption isotherm model obeyed the Freundlich isotherm. This explains the ammonium ion adsorption onto CSAC which was a multilayer adsorption with intraparticle diffusion. Negative enthalpy confirmed that this adsorption process was exothermic. The instrumental analyses confirmed the adsorption of ammonium ion onto CSAC.     

沸石改性及其去除水中氨氮的实验研究

通过实验研究了沸石改性条件及其对水中氨氮吸附去除的影响。结果表明，加热改性与无机酸改性不能显著提高沸石对氨氮的吸附量。利用NaOH改性的最佳浓度为1 mol/L，此条件下对氨氮吸附量可提高到650.68 mg/kg，为天然沸石的2.82倍。利用无机盐改性时，对氨氮吸附效果最好的是NaCl改性沸石，其次为KCl改性沸石与CaCl₂改性沸石。随着NaCl溶液浓度和改性时间的增加，改性沸石对氨氮的吸附量显著增加，可达天然沸石的3～4倍；在NaCl浓度为150 g/L与改性时间为18 h条件下，改性沸石对氨氮吸附量可达887.35 mg/kg，为天然沸石的3.84倍。     

Adsorption Behavior of Toluene on Modified 1X Molecular Sieves

In this paper, the toluene adsorption/desorption properties of modified 13X molecular sieves (M-13X) are discussed. M-13X molecular sieves were prepared by acidic and steam treatments of 13X molecular sieves. The structural parameters of M-13X were evaluated and compared with those of other molecular sieves (HY, HZSM-5, Cs7NaMOR, and a commercial 13X). The results show that the specific surface area, average pore diameter, and pore volume of M-13X were 414.17 m²/g, 2.98 nm, and 0.31 mL/g, respectively. The pore size distribution of M-13X was 1.8–3.0 nm. Because of its larger Si/Al ratio (Si/Al = 6.77), the hydrophobicity of M-13X is much higher than that of 13X (Si/Al = 1.28), indicating that it is particularly well suited to toluene control applications. The saturation adsorption capacity of M-13X was 0.045 g/g for simulated toluene at a temperature of 293 K and a relative humidity of 50%. The optimal regeneration temperature of M-13X was 473 K for 120 min with a hot air flow rate of 140 L/min.

Implications: The modified 13X molecular sieves (M-13X) are adsorbents with a high adsorption capacity and great hydrophobicity, suitable for the treatment of VOCs. The purpose of the present investigation is to provide a practical guide for their design.     

Hydrous ferric oxide nanoparticles hosted porous polyethersulfone adsorptive membrane: chromium (VI) adsorptive studies and its applicability for water/wastewater treatment

In this present study, adsorptive membranes for Cr(VI) ion removal were prepared by blending polyethersulfone (PES) with hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) nanoparticles (NPs). The effects of HFO NPs to PES weight ratio (0–1.5) on the physicochemical properties of the resultant HFO/PES adsorptive membranes were investigated with respect to the surface chemistry and roughness as well as structural morphologies using different analytical instruments. The adsorptive performance of the HFO NPs/PES membranes was studied via batch adsorption experiments under various conditions by varying solution pH, initial concentration of Cr(VI), and contact time. The results showed that the membrane made of HFO/PES at a weight ratio of 1.0 exhibited the highest adsorption capacity which is 13.5 mg/g. Isotherm and kinetic studies revealed that the mechanism is best fitted to the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order model. For filtration of Cr(VI), the best promising membranes showed improved water flux (629.3 L/m² h) with Cr(VI) ion removal of 75%. More importantly, the newly developed membrane maintained the Cr(VI) concentration below the maximum contamination level (MCL) for up to 9 h.

     

湿法再生吸附剂制备及用于大气CO2的直接捕集

基于湿法再生吸附技术，利用强碱性季铵盐树脂材料制备了异相吸附剂薄膜，应用于大气中极低CO2的直接分离，以对抗全球变暖。通过滴定法分析吸附剂材料的电荷密度和吸附容量，利用SEM分析不同工况下制备出来的膜材料的表观结构，并对膜材料进行CO2吸附性能的测试。结果发现，热处理能够明显提高膜材料的吸附性能，还研究吸附剂制备对吸附速率，吸附量和机械强度等性能的影响，发现粒径小于43μm的树脂粉末，按60％质量分数制成的500μm厚膜材料具有较优的综合性能。