石煤渣碳化砖建材住房的放射性水平

前言 我国石煤资源十分丰富,它的用途很广.既可作民用和工业燃料,也是冶金化工的重要原料.目前我国南方一些省已用石煤作为动力燃料,大力开采.然而,石煤发热量低,燃烧后留有大量的石煤渣.为此,目前各地都在开展石煤综合利用.利用石煤渣造碳化砖和水泥作为建材,就是石煤综合利     

硫化黑染纱废水处理工程设计

通过工程实例，阐述了采用酸化回收-催化氧化-中和沉淀-水解酸化-接触氧化-煤渣吸附工艺处理染纱废水的工艺流程及工艺论述、技术参数。     

浙江省西部地区石煤开发利用对环境影响的调查

报道了浙江省西部地区安仁,诸葛,双牌三个石煤矿区原野,道路和石煤渣堆场周围γ辐射空气吸收剂量率,并测量了石煤,石煤渣中放射性核素的含量,结果表明石煤碳化砖所致室内公众附加年有效剂量当量为６．８５ｍＳｖ。     

煤渣-沸石复合球对氨氮的吸附及热再生性能

煤渣和沸石在水处理中的应用已有大量的研究,但煤渣在应用中存在机械强度低、不耐水流冲击、不易回收等问题,而沸石的价格也制约着其广泛地应用。为克服这些缺点,以改性煤渣和沸石为原料,用改性PVA胶制备煤渣-沸石复合球,研究其对水体中氨氮的吸附及热再生性能。结果表明:该材料对氨氮的吸附机理符合准二级动力学方程,吸附过程受到内扩散和边界层扩散的控制;等温吸附过程服从Langmuir等温方程,在25℃条件下的最大吸附量为0.179 8 mg·g~(-1)。以标准再吸附实验评价煤渣-沸石复合球的再生率,实验过程中最佳的再生条件为170℃、4 h,再生率可达到73.55%。     

印染污泥固化及稳定化处理研究

采用水泥、粉煤灰和煤渣作为固化剂对印染污泥进行固化/稳定化处理,并探讨了固化/稳定化的最佳工艺条件.当水泥、粉煤灰和煤渣的掺量分别为0.15、0.02和0.08 kg/kg,养护天数为6 d时,印染污泥固化块抗压强度达到330kPa,含水率为44.6%,符合填埋场的进场标准.固化块浸出液中Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn和...     

人工湿地基质对NH4＋-N吸附性能

为研究建筑废物红砖和工业废物煤渣用作人工湿地脱氮基质的可行性，分别通过静态吸附实验和动态NHf—N去除效果实验进行考察。结果表明，红砖和煤渣对NH4＋-N最大静态吸附量分别为0．2533mg／g和0．0533mg／g，其吸附等温曲线均符合Freundlich型吸附方程，吸附常数分别为0．0419和0．0091；红砖煤渣组合对污水中NH4＋-N平均动态脱除率达到41．18％，高于红砖的37．63％和煤渣的30．92％。     

陶瓷烧成中NOx生成及控制对策

通过对2种不同结构、不同烧成气氛的梭式窑的整个烧成过程中NOx生成进行测试分析，得出快速升温将增加整个陶瓷烧成过程中NOx的生成；其次，烧嘴的合理布置，改善窑体结构，加强高温阶段窑内温度场的均匀性。可以减少NOx的生成；第三，还原气氛可抑制NOx的生成；最后，提出降低陶瓷烧成中NOx生成的几点建议。     

人工湿地基质对 NH+4-N 吸附性能简

为研究建筑废物红砖和工业废物煤渣用作人工湿地脱氮基质的可行性，分别通过静态吸附实验和动态NH₄⁺-N去除效果实验进行考察。结果表明，红砖和煤渣对NH₄⁺-N最大静态吸附量分别为0.2533 mg/g和0.0533 mg/g，其吸附等温曲线均符合Freundlich型吸附方程，吸附常数分别为0.0419和0.0091；红砖煤渣组合对污水中NH₄⁺-N平均动态脱除率达到41.18%，高于红砖的37.63%和煤渣的30.92%。     

填料床处理污染河水的冬季运行特性

对冬季填料床处理滇池流域污染河水进行了试验研究。结果表明：通过相关性分析可知，在2～6℃时,废砖块中微生物活性较低，温度回升后，微生物活性也随之增强；2～12℃时，废混凝土/沸石/煤渣组合生物量高，耗氧速率大且较为稳定，COD去除率保持在50%左右。降温期（5～12℃）时，废砖块对TN、NH⁺₄-N和DTP去除率最高，平均可达64.5%、64.7%和69.7%；低温期（2～6℃）时，废混凝土/沸石/煤渣组合对NH⁺₄-N、TN的去除率能达到56.4%～75.1%、56.5%～63.0%，大石子/小石子/煤渣组合削减DTP负荷量达到了2.1 g/(m²·d)。废砖块和大石子/小石子/煤渣组合分别适合在低负荷和高负荷下运行。综上所述，在整个试验过程中（2～12℃），废混凝土/沸石/煤渣组合表现出了对COD、N和DTP去除率相对稳定的特征，是冬季处理滇池流域污染河水的适宜填料。     

人工湿地基质对NH_4~+-N吸附性能

为研究建筑废物红砖和工业废物煤渣用作人工湿地脱氮基质的可行性,分别通过静态吸附实验和动态NH+4-N去除效果实验进行考察。结果表明,红砖和煤渣对NH+4-N最大静态吸附量分别为0.2533 mg/g和0.0533 mg/g,其吸附等温曲线均符合Freundlich型吸附方程,吸附常数分别为0.0419和0.0091;红砖煤渣组合对污水中NH+4-N平均动态脱除率达到41.18%,高于红砖的37.63%和煤渣的30.92%。     

石煤渣制橡胶填料的研究

以钛酸酯偶联剂为表面处理剂,对石煤渣进行表面改性处理,制得橡胶填料,测试了该填料对橡胶的补强作用,并与陶土、碳酸钙、炭黑等填料的补强性能进行了比较。实验表明,表面改性后的石煤渣填料对橡胶具有较好的补强作用,可完全替代碳酸钙、碳酸镁或陶土,产生较好的补强效果,用替代部分炭黑,可以减少炭黑用量,降低橡胶成本。     

脱硫粉煤灰于盐渍土中的试验效果研究

脱硫粉煤灰于盐渍土中的试验效果表明：脱硫粉煤灰与盐渍土的叠加作用,导致生物生长受抑制的负面影响,其影响大小与脱硫粉煤灰施用量成正相关。     

固硫型煤渣烧制水泥熟料的研究初探

发展固硫型煤工业是治理煤烟型大气污染及减少二氧化硫对大气污染的有效途径。燃烧固硫型煤将产生大量固硫煤渣,对环境构成新的威胁。本文从实验探索的角度,研究开发利用固硫渣的途径。实验中对固硫渣做了化学全分析,用Ｘ－射线粉末衍射法（ＸＲＰＤ）对固硫渣及其加入一定量的添加剂后的煅烧产物进行物相鉴定,证实在一定的条件下固硫渣可以烧制成硫铝酸盐水泥熟料     

浙江省建筑材料放射性水平及居民受照剂量估算

报道了１９８８年－１９９５年浙江省建筑材料中放射性水平和所致居民剂量的计算结果。采用高纯锗γ能谱法测定了该地区的６种,１３９个建筑材料样品中放射性核素含量,并收集了１９８４年以前该地区另外５种,７７个建筑材料样品中的放射性水平数据。     

贝壳粉型煤固硫剂固硫的实验及机理研究

以贝壳粉作为型煤固硫剂,用正交实验的方法研究了影响贝壳粉固硫率的主要影响因素,在高温(1 150℃)时固硫效率达到56.6%,比CaCO3的固硫率提高40%以上,具有较好的高温固硫性。分析得知,贝壳的主要成分为CaCO3,其含钙量在40%左右,贝壳中又含有较高的Na等碱金属元素以及Fe,Al和Si等。用X射线粉末衍射法分析了高温(1 150℃)型煤样生成的灰渣,分析了贝壳粉作为型煤固硫剂在高温下具有较高固硫率的机理。发现CaAlSi2O8为主的复合晶体在高温下包裹在CaSO4的表面,抑制了CaSO4的热分解从而有效地提高了固硫率。     

Formation of PCDD/Fs in the sintering process: role of the grid-Cr2O3 catalyst in the de novo synthesis

The sintering process is among the major sources of the very toxic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the environment. At the industrial scale, it has been shown that dust collected on the grid, which supports the feed, contains PCDD/Fs amounts between the values found in the bottom of the cake and the values found on dust collected during gas sampling in the wind boxes. This fact suggests that the grid, containing 25wt.% of chromium, could have a catalytic activity in PCDD/Fs formation during the sintering process. This research tries to study this potential role. The de novo synthesis of PCDD/Fs is simulated at laboratory scale by thermal treatments of samples mixed with grid filings or Cr2O3. The thermal experiments performed with E.S.P. dust (dust collected in the electrostatic precipitator of a sintering plant) or graphite mixed with grid filings do not allow to confirm a role of the grid in PCDD/Fs formation during the industrial process. On the other hand, it has been shown that Cr2O3 can be considered as a catalyst in the de novo synthesis of PCDD/Fs. This compound takes place in the two steps of the de novo synthesis: the degradation of the carbon matrix as well as the chlorination reactions.     

Formation and mitigation of PCDD/Fs in iron ore sintering

The sintering of iron ore is presently a significant industrial source of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) worldwide owing to the fundamental requirement of the operation of a high temperature process to pre-treat fines and to recycle plant by-products arising from the integrated iron and steelworks. The process is a noteworthy contributor of PCDD/F indirectly due to decreasing PCDD/F releases from municipal solid waste incineration. Commonly PCDD/F formation from the process is associated with the addition of oily mill scales although raw material containing a combination of C, Cl and specific metal catalyst has been shown to drastically increase PCDD/F formation in the process. The degenerate graphitic structure of carbon present in coke fuel and soot formed and the chemistry of catalytic metals and Cl are important factors. A review on PCDD/F emission in this process has been carried out, including examination of its formation mechanism, congener distribution, contributing factors and mitigation strategies, with emphasis on the use of inhibiting compound to achieve suppression. A detailed analysis of the de novo and precursor theories of formation and the contributing factor is given since the subject of PCDD/F formation is still controversial. The de novo formation pathway identified in sinter plants and controlled studies performed in the laboratory as well as at pilot-scale are discussed; where appropriate, a comparison is drawn between sintering and other thermal processes emitting PCDD/Fs. Summary of the latest developments in PCDD/F downstream abatement strategies presently employed in full scale industrial plants is provided. Potential inhibiting compounds are discussed in terms of their mode of action and merits under sintering conditions.     

Engineering and environmental properties of thermally treated mixtures containing MSWI fly ash and low-cost additives

An experimental work was carried out to investigate the feasibility of application of a sintering process to mixtures composed of Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator (MSWI) fly ash and low-cost additives (waste from feldspar production and cullet). The proportions of the three constituents were varied to adjust the mixture compositions to within the optimal range for sintering. The material was compacted in cylindrical specimens and treated at 1100 and 1150 degrees C for 30 and 60 min. Engineering and environmental characteristics including weight loss, dimensional changes, density, open porosity, mechanical strength, chemical stability and leaching behavior were determined for the treated material, allowing the relationship between the degree of sintering and both mixture composition and treatment conditions to be singled out. Mineralogical analyses detected the presence of neo-formation minerals from the pyroxene group. Estimation of the extent of metal loss from the samples indicated that the potential for volatilization of species of Pb, Cd and Zn is still a matter of major concern when dealing with thermal treatment of incinerator ash.     

粉煤灰烧制陶粒过程中二氧化硫的释放规律与形成机理

研究了粉煤灰烧制陶粒过程中烟气二氧化硫的释放规律,同时对烧结前后粉煤灰与陶粒中不同形态硫含量和硫平衡进行了分析,探讨了烟气中二氧化硫的来源和转化机理.结果表明,烟气中约55％的二氧化硫来源于硫酸盐的还原,其余主要来自有机硫燃烧和亚硫酸盐的分解.烧制每千克陶粒所产生的二氧化硫量约为7.8g.高温烧结过程中粉煤灰球内形成的还原性气氛导致了粉煤灰中硫酸盐向二氧化硫的还原转化.     

改性蜂窝煤渣吸附Cr（VI）的动力学和热力学性能

利用碳酸钡对蜂窝煤渣进行改性，通过粉末X射线衍射光谱（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）对改性前后蜂窝煤渣的物质组成和形貌进行表征，研究了改性蜂窝煤渣吸附Cr（VI）的动力学和热力学性能。实验结果表明，改性蜂窝煤渣对Cr（VI）具有良好的吸附能力，吸附过程符合准二级吸附动力学模型。分别用Langmuir、Freundlich、D-R和Tempkin等4种吸附等温线模型对实验数据进行拟合，Langmuir方程拟合效果最好，25、35和45℃下的饱和吸附量分别为2．985、2．562和2．630mg／g。D—R和Tempkin模型研究表明，吸附过程属于物理吸附。热力学研究表明，改性蜂窝煤渣对Cr（VI）的吸附是一个自发的、放热过程。