活性硅酸混凝剂PFASSC处理造纸废水

利用硅酸钠、硫酸铝、三氯化铁和硫酸为主要原料制备了复合型活性硅酸混凝剂ＰＦＡＳＳＣ并对造纸废水进行了处理，得到活性硅酸混凝剂ＰＦＡＳＳＣ最佳配方为：ＰＨ＝２．０（Ｆｅ＾３＋＋Ａｌ＾２）／ＳｉＯ２（摩尔比）＝１．５，Ｆｅ＾３＋／Ａｌ＾３＋（摩尔比）＝１．０，与常用混凝剂相比，ＰＦＡＳＳＣ混凝剂处理造纸废水对除浊、脱色和去除ＣＤＤＣｒ有更加优良的性能。     

酸性分散染料废水的治理及综合利用研究

利用硫酸含量达１５％－４０％的酸性分散染料废水和废铁作用制得聚合硫酸铁,并用其作净水剂处理印染废水。结果表明,每ｔ酸性废水可生产１．０５ｔ浓度１６０ｇ／ＬＦｅ＾３＋的取合硫酸铁溶液,出水的酸含量降低了８３．５％。用所制得的聚合硫酸铁处理印染废水,ＣＯＤ去除率可达７０．４％－９５．４％,色度去除率可达６５．７％＿９０．５％,具有较好处理效果。     

共存离子对硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）处理含铬废水的影响研究

报道了用硫酸盐还原菌（ＳＲＢ）处理含铬（ＶＩ）废水时，共存离子Ｓｒ＾２＋，Ｃｄ＾２＋，Ｚｎ＾２＋，ＵＯ＾２＋２，Ａｇ＾＋和Ｃｌ＾－，ＳＯ２－４，ＣＯ＾２－３，ＳｉＦ＾２－６，ＥＤＴＡ柠檬酸根等存在的时的影响，在铬（ＶＩ）为５０μｇ／ｍＬ，菌量一定的条件下，铬的去除率可达８５％以上，共存离子与铬（ＶＩ）的摩尔比为４时影响较为显著，Ｃｄ＾２＋和Ａｇ＾＋使铬的去除量降低，ＵＯ＾２＋２，Ｓｒ＾２＋，Ｚｎ＾     

O3—H2O2组合法处理染料中间体废水的研究

报道了Ｏ３－Ｈ２Ｏ２组合法处理含有磺酸基团的萘系染料中间体废水的试验结果。对ＣＯＤ约为１６００ｍｇ／ｌ的某高浓度染料中间体废水，用５．１ｇＯ３／ｌ和２．０ｇＨ２Ｏ２／ｌ进行处理，可达到约６０％的ＣＯＤ及色度去除率，并使ＢＯＤ／ＣＯＤ的比值超过０．３，为后续生化处理创造了条件。     

生化法处理煤气废水

采用Ａ／Ｏ工艺处理煤气废水的研究结果表明,该工艺能同时去除煤气废水中的有机物和氨氮,在试验确定的条件下,该工艺对煤气废水中的ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率达９１．０％,ＢＯＤ５去除率达９９．１％,ＮＨ３－Ｎ去除率达９９．２％,ＴＮ去除率达９４．７％。     

光催化氧化-混凝工艺处理化工废水

探索了光催化氧化－混凝工艺处理废水的工艺条件,最佳光催化氧化处理条件为ＰＨ＝３,催化剂为铁盐,氧化剂Ｈ２Ｏ２,低压汞灯,光照时间１．５ｈ,废水温度４５℃,温凝剂选用ＰＡＣ和ＰＡＭ（混凝剂的投加量为原水ＣＯＤｃｒ：ＰＡＣ：ＰＡＭ＝７：１．５：０．０１）,混凝ＰＨ６,沉降时间０．５ｈ,在该工艺条件对ＣＯＤｃｒ为１７３－７０１４４ｍｇ／Ｌ的十二烷基苯磺酸钠废水、苯酐废水、富马酸废水、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯废水     

A^2／O生物膜法在油脂厂废水处理中的应用

Ａ＾２／Ｏ生物膜法是一种高浓度易降解有机废水处理的新工艺。用于油脂厂废水的处理,经过半年多的试运行,处理效果良好,在进水ＣＯＤ、超过设计水质时,出水ＣＯＤｃｒ超过设计水质时,出水ＣＯＤｃｒ仍能达到排放标准,ＮＨ４＾＋－Ｎ的去除率可达９０％以上,基本无污染冰生。     

利福平废水的絮凝和生化处理研究

种福平生产的废水ＣＯＤ高达６万,用ＰＦＳ、Ｃ－ＰＡＭ脱稳,密集网捕式絮凝处理后,ＣＯＤ去除率达２７％,ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤｃｒ从０．１９上升到０．３２,絮凝前后水质和色谱分析表明,絮凝后５种有机物去除效率均在２２％以上,使生化处理成为可能,进生化池废水经稀释后,用活性污泥法处理９天后,ＣＯＤ从１．５万降至ＣＯＤ〈３００ｍｇ／Ｌ,达到治理要求。     

驯化活性污泥处理明胶有机废水的实验

利用驯化活性污泥对组分复杂的明胶有机废水进行有机物降解实验。结果表明,明胶废水的ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤｃｒ比值为０．４４－０．４６,ＣＯＤｃｒ进水浓度在１０００－１２００ｍｇ／Ｌ人,ＣＯＤｃｒ和ＢＯＤ５去除率分别达８１％－８３％和８６％－９１％。     

PNN破乳剂的合成及其乳化液废水处理

由氨,仲胺与伯胺及表卤代醇合成制备了合成制备了高效破乳剂ＰＮＮ,并用以处理乳化油废水,取得了较好的效果。结果表明,在ＰＨ＝６．０－７．５,投量为１．８８‰３．０‰的条件下,用ＰＮＮ处理ＣＯＤｃｒ为７１８４０ｍｇ／Ｌ、ｉｍｇ ｏ １５５３４ｍｇ／Ｌ、油为１５５３４ｍｇ／Ｌ的某乳化油废水,最佳ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率达９２．７％,最佳油去除率达９９．９％。,浊度去除率达到９９．９％,该药剂破乳后固液分离性能较     

Temperature dependence of hydroxyl radical formation in the hv/Fe3+/H2O2 and Fe3+/H2O2 systems

The thermal enhancement of the formation of *OH by the hv/Fe(III)/H2O2 system (including the Fe(III)/H2O2 system) was quantitatively investigated with reaction temperatures ranging from 25 to 50 degrees C. A temperature dependent kinetic model for the hv/Fe(III)/H2O2 system, incorporating 12 major reactions with no fitted rate constants or activation energies, was developed, and successfully explained the experimental measurements. Particularly, the thermal enhancement of Fe(OH)2+ photolysis which is the most significant step in the hv/Fe(III)/H2O2 system was effectively explained by two factors; (1) the variation of the Fe(OH)2+ concentration with temperature, and (2) the temperature dependence of the quantum yield for Fe(OH)2+ photolysis (measured activation energy=11.4 kJ mol(-1)). Although in both the hv/Fe(III)/H2O2 and Fe(III)/H2O2 systems, elevated temperatures enhanced the formation of *OH, the thermal enhancement was much higher in the dark Fe(III)/H2O2 system than the hv/Fe(III)/H2O2 system. Furthermore, it was found that the relative thermal enhancement of the formation of *OH in the presence of *OH scavengers (tert-butyl alcohol) was magnified in the Fe(III)/H2O2 system but was not in the hv/Fe(III)/H2O2 system.     

Experimental in situ chemical peroxidation of atrazine in contaminated soil

Lab-scale experiments of in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO), were performed on soil contaminated with 100 mg kg(-1) of atrazine (CIET). The oxidant used was hydrogen peroxide catalysed by naturally occurring minerals or by soluble Fe(II) sulphate, added in aqueous solution. The oxidation conditions were: CIET:H2O2=1:1100, 2 PV or 3 PV reaction volume, Fe(II):H2O2=0, 1:22, 1:11. Stabilized (with KH2PO4 at a concentration of 16 g l(-1)) or non-stabilized hydrogen peroxide was used. The pH of the reagents was adjusted to pH=1 with sulphuric acid, or was not altered. Results showed that the addition of soluble Fe(II) increased the temperature of the soil slurry and the use of stabilized hydrogen peroxide resulted in a lower heat generation. The treatment reduced the COD of the soil of about 40%, pH was lowered and natural organic matter became less hydrophobic. The highest atrazine conversion (89%) was obtained in the conditions: 3 PV, Fe(II):H2O2=1:11 with stabilized hydrogen peroxide added in two steps. The stabilizer only increased H2O2 life-time significantly when soluble Fe(II) was added. Results indicate as preferential degradation pathway of atrazine in soil dechlorination instead of dealkylation.     

Fe/C微电解和Fenton氧化联合处理印刷电路板废水

研究了Fe/C微电解和Fenton氧化处理印刷电路板废水的最佳条件和联合工艺的处理效果。结果表明,Fe/C微电解最佳工艺条件为：pH=2,Fe/C质量比为2∶1,投加药剂量为30 g/L,停留时间为30 min;Fenton氧化最佳工艺条件为：pH=3,H2O2投加量为6 mL/L,停留时间为2 h。将2种方法联用并进行中试实验,结果表明,对原水的COD去除率可达80%,而且Fenton反应可利用微电解产生的Fe2＋,节约成本,运行稳定,效果良好。     

Photocatalytic removal of fenitrothion in pure and natural waters by photo-Fenton reaction

The photocatalytic removal kinetics of fenitrothion at a concentration of 0.5mgl(-1) in pure and natural waters were investigated in Fe(III)/H2O2/UV-Vis, Fe(III)/UV-Vis and H2O2/UV-Vis oxidation systems, with respect to decreases in fenitrothion concentrations with irradiation time using a solar simulator. Fenitrothion concentrations were determined by HPLC analysis. Furthermore, total mineralization of fenitrothion in these systems was evaluated by monitoring the decreases in DOC concentrations with solar simulator irradiation time by TOC analysis. It was shown that the degradation rate of fenitrothion was much faster in the Fe(III)/H2O2/UV-Vis system than the Fe(III)/UV-Vis and H2O2/UV-Vis systems in both pure and river waters. Consequently, the mineralization rate of fenitrothion was much faster in the Fe(III)/H2O2/UV-Vis system than in the other two systems. The high *OH generation rate measured in the Fe(III)/H2O2/UV-Vis system was the key to faster degradation of fenitrothion. Increases in the concentrations of H2O2 and Fe led to better final degradation of fenitrothion. These results suggest that the photo-Fenton reaction (Fe(III)/H2O2/UV-Vis) system is likely to be an effective method for removing fenitrothion from contaminated natural waters.     

Kinetics of oxidation of chlorobenzenes and phenyl-ureas by Fe(II)/H2O2 and Fe(III)/H2O2. Evidence of reduction and oxidation reactions of intermediates by Fe(II) or Fe(III)

The rates of degradation of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB), 2,5-dichloronitrobenzene (DCNB), diuron and isoproturon by Fe(II)/H2O2 and Fe(III)/H2O2 have been investigated in dilute aqueous solution ([Organic compound]0 approximately 1 microM, at 25.0 +/- 0.2 degrees C and pH < or = 3). Using the relative rate method with atrazine as the reference compound, and the Fe(II)/H2O2 (with an excess of Fe(II)) and Fe(III)/H2O2 systems as sources of OH radicals, the rate constants for the reaction of OH* with TCB and DCNB were determined as (6.0 +/- 0.3)10(9) and (1.1 +/- 0.2)10(9) M(-1) s(-1). Relative rates of degradation of diuron and isoproturon by Fe(II)/H2O2 were about two times smaller in the absence of dissolved oxygen than in the presence of oxygen. These data indicate that radical intermediates are reduced back to the parent compound by Fe(II) in the absence of oxygen. Oxidation experiments with Fe(III)/H2O2 showed that the rate of decomposition of atrazine markedly increased in the presence of TCB and this increase has been attributed to a regeneration of Fe(II) by oxidation reactions of intermediates (radical species and dihydroxybenzenes) by Fe(III).     

Photo-oxidation of cork manufacturing wastewater

Several photo-activated processes have been investigated for oxidation of a cork manufacturing wastewater. A comparative activity study is made between different homogeneous (H2O2/UV-Vis and H2O2/Fe2+/UV-Vis) and heterogeneous (TiO2/UV-Vis and TiO2/H2O2/UV-Vis) systems, with degradation performances being evaluated in terms of total organic carbon (TOC) removal. Results obtained in a batch photo-reactor show that photo-catalysis with TiO2 is not suitable for this kind of wastewater while the H2O2/UV-Vis oxidation process, for which the effect of some operating conditions was investigated, allows to remove 39% of TOC after 4 h of operation (for C(H2O2)=0.59 M, pH=10 and T=35 degrees C). The combined photo-activated process, i.e., using both TiO2 and H2O2, yields an overall TOC decrease of 46% (for C(TiO2)=1.0 gl(-1)). The photo-Fenton process proved to be the most efficient, proceeds at a much higher oxidation rate and allows to achieve 66% mineralization in just 10 min of reaction time (for C(H2O2)=0.31 M, T=30 degrees C, Fe2+:H2O2=0.12 (mol) and pH=3.2).     

微波-Fenton氧化-PAFSi絮凝法处理含油废水

采用微波-Fenton氧化-PAFSi絮凝法处理含油废水，结果表明，200mL水样先经微波辐射6rnin，在pH=2，H2O2（30％）3．5g／L，Fe2＋ 1．3g／L的条件下氧化4h后，采用聚硅酸铝铁（Al：Fe：Si=10：2：1）和聚丙烯酰胺在pH：8时进行絮凝实验，处理后废水浊度、SS、COD、含油量和色度分别降低了99．46％、96．66％、91．94％、97．97％和95．00％，且经处理后废水的BOD5／COD由原水的0．04提高到0．53。实验还分析了含油废水的降解机理。     

Degradation of the pharmaceutical metronidazole via UV, Fenton and photo-Fenton processes

Degradation rates and removal efficiencies of Metronidazole using UV, UV/H2O2, H2O2/Fe2+, and UV/H2O2/Fe2+ were studied in de-ionized water. The four different oxidation processes were compared for the removal kinetics of the antimicrobial pharmaceutical Metronidazole. It was found that the degradation of Metronidazole by UV and UV/H2O2 exhibited pseudo-first order reaction kinetics. By applying H2O2/Fe2+, and UV/H2O2/Fe2+ the degradation kinetics followed a second order behavior. The quantum yields for direct photolysis, measured at 254 nm and 200-400 nm, were 0.0033 and 0.0080 mol E(-1), respectively. Increasing the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide promoted the oxidation rate by UV/ H2O2. Adding more ferrous ions enhanced the oxidation rate for the H2O2/Fe2+ and UV/H2O2/Fe2+ processes. The major advantages and disadvantages of each process and the complexity of comparing the various advanced oxidation processes on an equal basis are discussed.     

A comparative study of the effects of chloride, sulfate and nitrate ions on the rates of decomposition of H2O2 and organic compounds by Fe(II)/H2O2 and Fe(III)/H2O2

The effects of chloride, nitrate, perchlorate and sulfate ions on the rates of the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and the oxidation of organic compounds by the Fenton's process have been investigated. Experiments were conducted in a batch reactor, in the dark at pH < or = 3.0 and at 25 degrees C. Data obtained from Fe(II)/H2O2 experiments with [Fe(II)]0/[H2O2]0 > or = 2 mol mol(-1), showed that the rates of reaction between Fe(II) and H2O2 followed the order SO4(2-) > ClO4(-) = NO3- = Cl-. For the Fe(III)/H2O2 process, identical rates were obtained in the presence of nitrate and perchlorate, whereas the presence of sulfate or chloride markedly decreased the rates of decomposition of H2O2 by Fe(III) and the rates of oxidation of atrazine ([atrazine]0 = 0.83 microM), 4-nitrophenol ([4-NP]0 = 1 mM) and acetic acid ([acetic acid]0 = 2 mM). These inhibitory effects have been attributed to a decrease of the rate of generation of hydroxyl radicals resulting from the formation of Fe(III) complexes and the formation of less reactive (SO4(*-)) or much less reactive (Cl2(*-)) inorganic radicals.     

Investigation of gas production and entrapment in granular iron medium

A method for measuring gas entrapment in granular iron (Fe0) was developed and used to estimate the impact of gas production on porosity loss during the treatment of a high NO3- groundwater (up to approximately 10 mM). Over the 400-d study period the trapped gas in laboratory columns was small, with a maximum measured at 1.3% pore volume. Low levels of dissolved H2(g) were measured (up to 0.07+/-0.02 M). Free moving gas bubbles were not observed. Thus, porosity loss, which was determined by tracer tests to be 25-30%, is not accounted for by residual gas trapped in the iron. The removal of aqueous species (i.e., NO3-, Ca, and carbonate alkalinity) indicates that mineral precipitation contributed more significantly to porosity loss than did the trapped gases. Using the stoichiometric reactions between Fe0 and NO3-, an average corrosion rate of 1.7 mmol kg-1 d-1 was derived for the test granular iron. This rate is 10 times greater than Fe0 oxidation by H2O alone, based on H2 gas production. NO3- ion rather than H2O was the major oxidant in the groundwater in the absence of molecular O2. The N-mass balance [e.g., N2g and NH4+ and NO3-] suggests that abiotic reduction of NO3- dominated at the start of Fe0 treatment, whereas N2 production became more important once the microbial activity began. These laboratory results closely predict N2 gas production in a separated large column experiment that was operated for approximately 2 yr in the field, where a maximum of approximately 600 ml d-1 gas volumes was detected, of which 99.5% (v/v) was N2. We conclude that NO3- suppressed the production of H2(g) by competing with water for Fe0 oxidation, especially at the beginning of water treatment when Fe0 is highly reactive. Depends on the groundwater composition, gas venting may be necessary in maintaining PRB performance in the field.