中国沿海地区生态经济系统能值分析及可持续评价

运用能值分析理论与方法,从能值来源结构、经济子系统、生态子系统、社会子系统和可持续发展能力5个侧面,对中国沿海地区11个省市1995年和2009年生态经济系统运行状态进行对比研究。结果表明,与1995年相比,2009年沿海地区经济子系统与社会子系统实现了飞速发展,但生态子系统所承受的资源环境压力急剧上升,生态经济系统的内在有序协调机制不断恶化,导致经济子系统与社会子系统整体竞争实力及发展潜力有所萎缩。针对沿海地区生态经济系统可持续发展所面临的缺陷和问题,建议:(1)沿海地区应降低对不可再生资源的依赖性,致力于扩大可再生资源的开发规模,加快传统粗放型发展方式向高效集约型发展方式的转变,增加外界能值利用量,加强原材料、资金和劳动力等能值流的引入,缓解当地生态子系统资源供给和环境纳污压力。(2)重视城镇化、工业化过程中的生态效益,保持沿海地区经济子系统结构有序和规模适当,合理划分生态经济功能区域,科学调整人口的空间布局,减轻经济、人口日益密集造成的生态负荷。修复已受损生态系统,增强其生态经济系统的内在有序协调机制。     

山东沿海经济区海水浸染灾情与减灾对策

本文从发展沿海地区经济出发,以灾害学的基本观点,分析了山东沿海地区海水侵染灾害的现状、特点、危害、灾害成因及发展趋势;在此基础上,从整体角度提出了采取综合措施防害减灾的指导思想、基本原则、达到的目标,进而从开源节流、防治污染、合理利用资源,建立沿海经济区灾害预测、预报、预警系统等方面提出了减轻沿海地区海水侵染灾害,保护环境,利用资源,发展经济,变环境,生态恶性循环为良性循环的基本对策。     

资源管理浅论

环境管理的内容和方式非常丰富，随着经济与社会的发展，不断会有新的管理内容产生，然而资源管理却始终是环境管理的重要内容之一。在我们的日常环境管理工作中应该紧紧围绕资源管理这一中心，提高对合理利用资源重要性的认识，不断加强资源管理工作。１加强资源管理的意义１．１是实施可持续发展战略的需要实施可持续发展战略，推进经济增长方式的根本转变，已被写入了中国共产党十五大的报告中，为我国今后的经济社会发展指明了方向。由于历史、经济体制等原因，我国的经济增长基本上沿袭着粗放型的增长方式。这样的增长方式运行到现在，…     

基于“美丽海湾”建设的“三线一单”编制实践--以儋州市环新英湾地区为例

编制“三线一单”(生态保护红线、环境质量底线、资源利用上线和生态环境准入清单)是深入打好污染防治攻坚战的基础。以儋州市为研究对象,衔接“美丽海湾”建设需求,从“三水”(水环境、水生态、水资源)协同角度提出解决儋州市重点海湾环新英湾地区突出生态环境问题的生态分区管控方案,重点讨论了基于陆海统筹原则的环新英湾地区“三线一单”编制重点和特色,提出了针对性的生态环境保护的对策建议,探索了一套符合沿海地区特色的生态环境要素分区管控方案编制方法,为其他沿海城市“三线一单”划定提供借鉴。     

第四届全国环境催化与环境材料学术会议即将召开

环境保护在我国社会与经济可持续发展战略中占有重要的地位，并已越来越受到各级政府和社会公众的重视。环境材料与催化过程在环境污染控制、资源利用与新能源转化以及开辟绿色工业工艺过程方面起着不可替代的作用。为了进一步加强环境催化与环境材料方面的学术交流，经中国化学会和中国环保产业协会授权和批准，第四届全国环境催化与环境材料学术会议将于2005年12月2～4日在北京召开。     

沿海地区城镇化与生态环境协调发展的时空分析

通过构建城镇化与生态环境协调发展的综合评价指标体系,运用熵值法、协调度模型,对2003—2012年中国沿海地区的城镇化与生态环境发展过程及其协调程度进行时空分析。结果表明:(1)沿海地区城镇化综合指数不断提高,空间城镇化年均发展速度快于人口城镇化,而人口城镇化又快于生活城镇化,经济城镇化最低,且呈现出明显的区域集聚性特征。(2)生态环境综合指数呈波动上升趋势,生态环境压力加大,城镇化地区面临的生态环境问题更多。(3)2003—2005年,城镇化与生态环境协调度等级为中度失调,2006—2012年为轻度协调。     

龙口市海水入侵动态系统分析与防治对策

海水入侵已成为全球普遍关注的地下水环境问题,它不仅严重地威胁着人类淡水资源,而且破坏生态环境平衡,制约着社会经济可持续发展。以山东省龙口市为靶区,通过分析研究衡量海水入侵重要因子－氯离子浓度时空分布规律及其影响因素,探索海水入侵动态系统规律,提出防治海水入侵的措施和对策。     

珠江三角洲河网的水环境问题和影响因素及其防治

珠江三角洲河网的水体污染严重，水生生态环境恶化，水质性缺水问题突出，水环境容量形势严峻，治理任务艰巨。受人类经济活动、水资源时空分布、潮汐回荡、盐水入侵和人为浪费等因素的影响，河网区的水资源供需矛盾突出。其中，人文因素是造成水质污染和水生生态环境恶化的主要原因。为此，需采取合理有效的策略来保护河网的水环境，实现可持续发展的战略目标。     

污染河涌生态恢复的可行性方法

随着沿海地区城镇人口的不断增长，突显城镇污水处理量的不足，大量生活废水和部分工业污水排入河涌，使河捅变成了污水的纳污通道，生态遭受严重的破坏。河涌污染问题已经威胁城镇的水资源，既影响了居民的身体健康，又影响了经济建设的发展，成为城镇可持续发展的限制因素。作者借鉴国内外的研究成果和工程实例，探讨了改善河涌水质，恢复河涌生态的方法，并提出必要的保障措施，为整治河涌，实现河涌早日恢复生态具有一定的参考意义。     

环境污染问题对资源型城市发展的制约与应对策略分析

资源型城市经济快速发展的同时,存在的环境污染问题均较为严重.为维持城市经济的可持续发展,资源型城市实施战略转型势在必然,在这个过程中,环境保护必须纳入转型战略整体规划中.以"钢都"攀枝花为例,分析了资源型城市发展中的环境制约因素,强调在转型战略中应充分考虑环境保护和生态恢复等问题,并提出循环经济、清洁生产等是攀枝花市资源型城市战略转型中可采取的缓解环境危机、实现经济与环境协调发展的有效措施.     

Water pollution and degradation in Pearl River Delta,South China

The Pearl River Delta Economic Zone is the most dynamic economic area in South China. One of the major problems in the region is the sustainable utilization of the water resources. On the basis of analysis of the water environment status and pollution sources, it is suggested that domestic sewage is the primary cause of pollution. Two new concepts "degradation coefficient" and "degradation volume" of water resources, due to pollution, which may be used to assess macroscopically the carrying capacity of the water resources and sustainability of the water environment, are proposed by the authors. The results calculated indicate that the volumes of degraded water resources will be up to 204, 352, and 537 million m3 in 2002, 2010, and 2020. It is suggested that water for daily consumption and domestic sewage must be controlled more effectively and there should be cross-regional coordination in tackling problems of water environment.     

Balancing Water Resources Development and Environmental Sustainability in Africa: A Review of Recent Research Findings and Applications

Sustainable development in Africa is dependent on increasing use of the continent’s water resources without significantly degrading ecosystem services that are also fundamental to human wellbeing. This is particularly challenging in Africa because of high spatial and temporal variability in the availability of water resources and limited amounts of total water availability across expansive semi-arid portions of the continent. The challenge is compounded by ambitious targets for increased water use and a rush of international funding to finance development activities. Balancing development with environmental sustainability requires (i) understanding the boundary conditions imposed by the continent’s climate and hydrology today and into the future, (ii) estimating the magnitude and spatial distribution of water use needed to meet development goals, and (iii) understanding the environmental water requirements of affected ecosystems, their current status and potential consequences of increased water use. This article reviews recent advancements in each of these topics and highlights innovative approaches and tools available to support sustainable development. While much remains to be learned, scientific understanding and technology should not be viewed as impediments to sustainable development on the continent.     

Urban Water Resources Quota Management: The Core Strategy for Water Demand Management in China

Since China has the largest population in the world, the available water resources per capita in China are very limited. With the rapid economic development that is currently occurring, the shortage of water resources at the national level has become extremely critical. How to solve the problems due to water scarcity and water pollution has received increasing attention from the Chinese government and various communities. In order to provide a sustainable development environment for 1.6 billion people in the future, the whole country has started to reform urban water resources management systems in terms of related policies, regulations, methodologies, and technologies focusing on improving the efficiency and effectiveness in water use. Urban water quota management has now become a core strategy in developing a water resources governance model for water demand management aiming at establishing a water-saving society. This paper introduces the main stages and the processes of implementing water quota management in China, analyzes the basic principles, and expounds the elements, information foundation, core module and operational model of the urban water quota management system. It has been demonstrated that urban water quota management has made some remarkable contribution not only in transforming the pattern of water mode and strengthening water management enforcement but also in integrating various management methods in saving water and preventing pollution.     

电解锰渣的综合利用进展与研究展望

电解锰渣是电解金属锰时产生的酸性滤渣,含有大量有害物质。随着电解锰行业的快速发展,大量堆放填埋的电解锰渣引发了严重的水土、生态环境污染问题,对锰渣的无害化处理与资源化利用已成为电解锰行业和环保领域的研究热点。在电解锰渣特性的分析基础上,对国内外电解锰渣的综合利用进展(如锰离子回收、肥料制作和建筑材料应用)进行了回顾,分析了锰渣各种资源化利用方法的优缺点。最后,展望了电解锰渣的研究与应用前景,旨在为锰矿资源的可持续性开发与电解锰渣的综合回收利用提供参考。     

我国城镇可持续发展的水资源问题与对策

本文简述了我国水资源的现状,指出水短缺和水污染是制约我国城镇可持续发展的两个主要问题,并探讨了解决问题的对策强调工农业及城市用水的节水,实施污水回用和海水利用等方法开发新水源,进行科学的水资源管理.     

Toward a Sustainable Utilization of Land Resources in China: Problems,Policies, and Practices

China’s economy is growing explosively with double-digit rates of growth. However, behind the scenes of this economic miracle, a dark underbelly exists. The potential impact of the unsustainable use of land resources is increasing. Each parcel of land has a stationary geographic location, while its utilization is optional. The re-adjustment and optimization of land use patterns ought to be encouraged. Spatial reconstruction refers to the combination of various land elements, which can promote the rational and efficient allocation of land resources through a four-layer action framework: the development of unused land, urban renewal, ecological reconstruction, and spatial displacement. The feasibility and validity of these methods are illustrated by practical cases in different provinces in China. We thus propose that pursuing sustainable development and building an ecological civilization will be necessary for China in future decades.     

我国畜禽养殖业引致的环境问题及主要对策

在阐述目前畜禽养殖业引致的主要环境问题及其与可持续发展关系的基础上 ,从生态系统学的角度提出应强化规模化畜禽养殖废弃物的综合利用 ,开展固体废弃物和污水治理等相关领域的研究 ,进一步做好畜禽养殖污染防治工作 ,有效地保护和改善农村生态环境 ,以期促进畜禽养殖环境与经济的协调发展。     

农业废弃物的资源化利用

我国的农业资源浪费和破坏现象十分严重,解决这一问题的根本途径是开展农业废弃物的资源化利用,它是农业可持续发展的重要方面。本文在分析了农业废弃物资源化利用的理论基础后,讨论了农业废弃物的主要资源化利用途径和支持与保障体系。     

Perceptions of the sustainable city and implications for fresh water resources management

Following the emergence of sustainable development as a key environmental management concept in the late 1980s, much discussion and debate has occurred on how the general concept can be understood in the context of particular resources, economic sectors and fields of academic study. This paper attempts to integrate two such particular areas of study, urban development and fresh water resources management. Following an overview of the concept of sustainable development, where the fresh water resource base is used to illustrate different interpretations of sustainability, the paper advances a number of perceptions of the sustainable city and the implications for fresh water management. Key concepts that emerge include a need to reduce the urban ecological sphere of influence, best understood in the context of a quasi-autonomous vision of the sustainable city, requiring a radical shift away from 'engineering-fix' water supply augmentation towards demand management and other approaches that sit more easily with the prime need to maintain the functional integrity of ecosystems.     

循环经济理念下的城市污水处理浅析

随着城市化和现代化进程的推进，污水回用处理技术问题困扰着城市的可持续发展，并影响着水资源的再生回用和可持续发展。文中以循环经济思想理念为基础，叙述了中国水环境的现状、国内外污水资源的研究进展、循环经济的含义以及在循环经济观念下的污水处理新思路，探求了城市污水处理的重要性，以变废水负价值的被动处理，转变为盈价值的资源化与经济化利用，形成新的经济增长点，实现环境效益、经济效益和社会效益的高度统一，真正实现可持续发展。