吹扫—捕集法在挥发性有机污染物分析中的应用

吹扫－捕集法为20世纪70年代中期推出的痕量挥发性有机化合物的富集方法，它具有简便，灵敏度高，富集率高，快速，精密，准确，不使用有机溶剂等特点，20多年以来，吹扫－捕集器和GC、GC／MS等仪器联用测定环境中痕量挥发性有机污染物，已获得令人满意的结果，因而吹扫－捕集法将在有机污染分析中得到日益广泛的应用。     

石墨化碳黑对水中痕量有机污染物的吸附和洗脱

在环境水中,很可能存在着种类繁多的有机污染物,其含量往往低于ppb级.由于受到目前监测方法灵敏度的限制,监控水中痕量有机污染物一般都需要进行提取和浓缩步骤。 对于水中痕量有机污染物的提取和浓缩     

有机污染物树脂吸附后提取方法研究

使用高分子大网状吸附树脂分析水中有机污染物的第一步,是使水样通过吸附树脂柱或管进行吸附富集.这一工作主要是针对水中痕量有机污染物的分析测定工作。环境样品中,地下水体和以地面水为饮用水源水的水体中,有机化合物含量甚微,采用高分子大网状吸附树脂对水中痕量有机化合物,     

有机金属化合物形态分析

本文对有机金属化合物形态分析的发展做了简单介绍,从本学科出发提出了有机金属化合物形态分析的概念和任务。分析了有机金属化合物形态分析常用的几种方法,包括ＧＣ－ＡＡＳ,ＧＣ－ＭＩＰ－ＡＥＳ,ＧＣ－ＦＰＤ和ＧＣ－ＭＳ等的特点,对样品的采集,贮存和预处理方法以及形态分析中的质量控制进行了讨论。     

焦化厂A/O出水中的有机污染物分析

采用色谱－质谱（GC／MS）联用仪分析和鉴定了上海宝钢焦化厂A／O生化阶段出水的有机污染物组成,共检出各类有机污染物70多种。结合焦化废水专用混凝剂的混凝处理实验结果,指出了各类有机污染物的去除情况。     

地下水中有机污染物现场富集的方法

试样的采集贮运与提取浓缩是环境有机分析工作中的首要环节.这些步骤的成败直接关系和影响着分析结果,因此必须给以足够的重视.环境有机分析从学科上来说,作为痕量分析的一支,有不少课题在国内外都是新的前沿性的工作,其原因是环境样品对象广泛,有机污染物尤其组成复杂、异构体     

流动注射氢化物发生法测定水样中痕量砷

报道了用Ｌ－半胱氨酸为预还原剂在低酸度条件下将Ａｓ还原为Ａｓ,用流动注射氢化物发生法测定水样中痕量砷的ＦＩ－ＨＧＡＡＳ法。该方法可用于测定各种不同水体中痕量砷。     

婺江水域有机污染物的定性定量分析

１９９６年对婺江水域地面水和自来水有机污染物进行ＧＣ／ＭＳ定必和定量分析，发现婺江水域已受有机污染物污染，其中含有致癌物和致突变物，各水质检测点均检出有机污染物但数量变化不大，枯水期的有机污染物数量和种类均多丰水期，水持较丰水期差。     

微污染钦用水生物处理中痕量有机物生物降解研究述评

生物膜工艺可以有效去除微污染饮用水源中痕量有机污染物，第二级利用是稳态生物膜降解痕量有机物的主要机理。自然有机物可以作为初级基质支持稳态生物膜的生长，而痕量的合成有机物能作为第二级基质被生物膜降解，缓慢衰减的非稳态生物膜在一段时期内仍能保持对痕量有机物的高效降解。     

吹扫-捕集法在挥发性有机污染物分析中的应用

吹扫 -捕集法为 2 0世纪 70年代中期推出的痕量挥发性有机化合物的富集方法 ,它具有简便、灵敏度高、富集率高、快速、精密、准确、不使用有机溶剂等特点。 2 0多年以来 ,吹扫 -捕集器和GC、GC/MS等仪器联用测定环境中痕量挥发性有机污染物 ,已获得令人满意的结果 ,因而吹扫 -捕集法将在有机污染分析中得到日益广泛的应用     

Levels and distribution of heavy metals in atmospheric particular matters over the northern South China Sea

Oceans play a significant role in the cycling of trace metals and persistent organic pollutants. In this study, aerosol samples covering the whole northern South China Sea (SCS) were collected in 2005 and 2007, respectively, for analysis of trace metals and major elements. The levels of trace metals detected ranged from 0.514 to 119 ng/m³ in 2005 and from 0.130 to 24.2 ng/m³ in 2007, respectively. Cu, Zn, and Pb were the three predominant metals with high enrichment factors (>10), indicating the strong anthropogenic inputs. The trace metals over SCS were comparable to the values in suburban and background sites of South China, but generally higher than those over other seas and oceans. Considering the fact that they were influenced by their proximity to source regions and air mass origins, the elevated metals in 2005 were probably attributed to the strong wind and long-range atmospheric transport driven by Asian monsoon.     

Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in municipal solid waste landfill leachates from western China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Landfill leachate has been documented as a significant source of trace organic pollutants, comprising an expansive family of per- and polyfluoroalkyl...     

芦苇湿地对造纸废水中有机污染物的去除效果及机理

为了对芦苇湿地对造纸废水中有机污染物的去除效果及降解机理进行研究,本文采用GC-MS联用仪对经芦苇湿地处理前后造纸废水中有机污染物的组成和含量进行测定,并通过叠放色谱图的方法对造纸废水中有机污染物的降解效果进行分析。结果表明:(1)经芦苇湿地处理前造纸废水中共测出30种有机污染物,其中8种被列入美国EPA环境优先控制污染物黑名单。(2)纸浆造纸废水生物塘-芦苇湿地复合处理系统对有毒有机污染物基本上达到了较好的去除效果:有机污染物总量减少80%以上,且降解后的产物多为毒性较小的烷烃类。(3)利用质谱手段对有机污染物的降解规律进行了初步研究。该研究为造纸废水处理和资源化利用提供了科学依据,为"造纸废水-芦苇-造纸"生态纸业循环经济模式的进一步推广应用奠定了基础。     

Persistent organic pollutants in water and surface sediments of Taihu Lake,China and risk assessment

Organic pollutants, especially persistent organic pollutants were examined in the water and surface sediments of Taihu Lake, China. Both 12 water and 12 sediment samples were collected over the lake. C-18 solid-phase extraction technique was applied to extract organic pollutants in collected water samples. Soxhlet extraction procedure was used to extract organic pollutants in sediment samples. The analysis was performed by GC-MS controlled by a Hewlett Packard chemstation. Two hundred and seventy-three kinds of organic chemicals in water were examined, 200 more than that detected in 1985; 188 kinds of chemicals in sediments were detected as well. Among them 21 kinds of chemicals belong to priority pollutants as well as 17 kinds to be the endocrine disruptors. The concentrations of the pollutants were more than 2 times higher than that in 1985. The possible source and relation to anthropogenic activity were discussed.     

Organic compounds and trace metals of anthropogenic origin in sediments from Montego Bay,Jamaica: assessment of sources and distribution pathways

Surface sediments throughout Montego Bay, Jamaica were collected in 1995 and analyzed for their trace metal and trace organic contaminant content. A variety of trace metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, coprostanol as well as chlorinated hydrocarbons such as pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls were detected and provide evidence for several anthropogenic inputs to the bay. Two main sources of these chemicals are the Montego River and the North Gully, the latter being more significant. Particle-associated pollutants were found to be distributed along the Montego River plume, as well as being transported by the prevailing water currents to the South-Western sections of the bay, probably through re-suspension of enriched fine sediments from the North Gully outfall area.     

The Analysis of PPM Levels of Gases in Air By Photoionization Mass Spectrometry

The body of information in this paper is directed toward individuals involved in the analysis of trace gases in air. The photoionization mass spectrometer has been investigated for a variety of potential inorganic and organic air pollutants at four ionizing wavelengths. The three aspects studied were (a) selective ionization of trace gases eliminating the ionization of the major components of air, (b) simplification of mass spectral fragmentation patterns, and (c) currently feasible sensitivities and detection limits. The results demonstrate that photoionization is superior to electron impact ionization for the first two aspects. The measured sensitivities and calculated detection limits require some improvement. It is shown that the necessary sensitivities can be obtained by eliminating the UV monochromator and using direct ionization with a hydrogen light source.     

Exposure of an anoxic and contaminated canal sediment: Mobility of metal(loid)s

A derelict canal contains an estimated 9800 tonnes of anoxic sediment with highly elevated concentrations of trace elements. Lack of maintenance, reduced water levels and vegetation colonization threaten the stability of pollutants by removing existing waterlogged reduced conditions. A column leaching study of the sediment under increasingly oxidized conditions showed reductions in As mobility but increased heavy metal concentrations. In a reduced state, As mobility was higher (as a consequence of enhanced Fe and organic carbon solubility) whilst heavy metal concentrations in leachates were lower (due to markedly higher pH). Over 10 contiguous wetting and drying cycles, the consequences were profound; all trace elements were continuously leached with enhanced flushing of Fe, As, Zn and Cu. This raises concern over possible mobilization of pollutants to the wider environment, including groundwater. Options for management to stabilize contaminants are discussed that point to the importance of limiting water flow through the sediment.     

The biological treatment of landfill leachate using a simultaneous aerobic and anaerobic (SAA) bio-reactor system

A set of simultaneous aerobic and anaerobic (SAA) bio-reactor system was used for the removal of organic pollutants and ammonia in the landfill leachate generated from Datian Shan Landfill in Guangzhou, China. The influent concentrations of COD and NH(4)(+)-N were 1000-3300 and 80-230 mg L(-1), respectively. The average effluent concentrations of COD and NH(4)(+)-N were 131 and 7 mg L(-1), respectively. The concentrations of COD and NH(4)(+)-N had reached the Chinese second grade effluent standard (COD<300 mg L(-1), NH(4)(+)-N<25 mg L(-1)) for this kind of wastewater. Gas chromatogram-mass spectrum (GC/MS) analysis was used to measure the organic pollutants in the landfill leachate. About 87 organics were detected in this landfill leachate, and 16 of them belong to the list of environmental priority pollutants established by the US Environmental Protection Agency. About 31 of the 87 organic pollutants were completely removed by the SAA bio-reactor, the concentrations of further 14 organic pollutants were reduced by more than 80%, and the removal efficiencies of the other 25 organic pollutants were over 50%.     

Relationship between carbonaceous materials and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the sediments of the Danshui River and adjacent coastal areas, Taiwan

Persistent organic pollutants, POPs (e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls) can seriously and deleteriously affect environmental quality and human health. These organic pollutants are exhibiting high affinities to solid phases and thus, quickly end up in sediments. To better understand the role of carbonaceous materials in the transport and distributions of POPs in terrestrial and near-shore environments, concentrations of PCBs and carbonaceous materials (including total organic carbon, black carbon and total carbohydrates), were determined in surface sediments of the Danshui River and nearby coastal areas, Taiwan. Total concentrations of PCBs in the sediments ranged from non-detectable to 83.9 ngg(-1), dry weight, with the maximum value detected near the discharge point of the marine outfall from the Pali Sewage Treatment Plant. These results suggest that the sewage treatment plant has discharged PCBs in the past and the concentrations are still high due to their persistence; alternatively, PCBs are still being discharged in the estuarine and near-shore environment of the Danshui River. Organic carbon and black carbon concentrations correlated well with those of total PCBs in the sediments, suggesting that both organic carbon and black carbon significantly affect the distribution of trace organic pollutants through either post-depositional adsorption, or by co-transport of similar source materials. The field results demonstrate that black carbon and plays an important role in the general distribution of PCBs, while concentrations of some specific PCBs are affected by both black carbon and organic carbon concentrations.