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《环境工程学报》2016,(12)
利用溶胶凝胶-浸渍烧结法制备了碘掺杂二氧化钛修饰的活性炭复合吸附剂。利用XRD、SEM、BET、Boehm滴定、亚甲蓝吸附值等手段研究了活性炭负载前后表面结构与性质。利用动态吸附实验研究了活性炭负载I-TiO_2复合材料(IT/AC)和再生IT/AC对气体中甲苯的吸附。考察了活性炭粒径、气体的流速、吸附床层高度和气体中甲苯的浓度对活性炭吸附性能的影响及甲苯在活性炭固定床上的吸附动力学。结果表明:由于介孔I-TiO_2和活性炭的协同作用,负载适量I-TiO_2对活性炭结构和吸附性能影响较小。活性炭的粒径越小、复合材料的吸附穿透点和饱和吸附量越大;气体的流速和甲苯的初始浓度越大,复合材料的吸附穿透点越小但饱和吸附量越大。YOON-NELSON模型可以预测复合材料吸附甲苯的动力学过程。 相似文献
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《环境工程学报》2016,(11)
探究了不同改性时间下的活性炭纤维孔结构和表面化学性质的变化,并进一步研究了改性后的活性炭纤维对不同极性苯系物的吸附。通过BET比表面积、Boehm滴定分析、FTIR红外光谱对改性前后的活性炭纤维进行表征。结果表明,功率150 W,改性时间为30、60和90 min时,活性炭纤维烧失率随着改性时间延长而升高,分别达到16.5%、27.8%、45.5%。改性过程中,活性炭纤维比表面积和微孔孔容显著增加,有助于改善活性炭纤维吸附性能。在物理吸附和化学吸附作用下,改性活性炭纤维对邻二甲苯、间二甲苯和对二甲苯吸附性能有所提高,其中,改性90 min活性炭纤维对其吸附量分别增加了0.58、0.55和0.44 mg·mg-1。酸性含氧基团由原来的0.973 mmol·g-1增加到1.675 mmol·g-1,改性后酸性含氧官能团的增加使活性炭纤维表面极性增大,有利于对极性有机物邻、间二甲苯吸附量增加率的提高。 相似文献
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采用H2O2浸渍的修饰方法对ACF进行化学改性,并利用氮吸附等温线和XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy)的方法对ACF样品进行表征。通过在反应床上开展吸附实验,由此测定改性前后ACF脱除VOC(甲苯作为VOC的代表物)的效果,同时考察氧气、温度、水蒸气等因素对ACF脱除甲苯的影响。研究发现,改性使得ACF样品比表面积和孔容略有降低,但表面含氧官能团含量增加,吸附甲苯的能力也因此增强。当模拟烟气中O2浓度为5%时,ACF脱除VOC效果达到最佳,超过5%之后,氧的促进效果不再明显;温度40℃为最佳吸附温度;当烟气中加入水蒸气时,ACF对VOC的脱除效率降低。 相似文献
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《环境工程学报》2015,(9)
以椰壳活性炭为吸附剂进行了模拟水样中的N-DBP前体物——天冬氨酸的吸附去除实验,考察了吸附时间和溶液pH对吸附效果的影响,分析了吸附等温线、吸附动力学特征以及吸附热力学相关参数。实验结果表明,在不同的投加量下,椰壳活性炭对DON的吸附均在180 min时达到平衡;升高或降低水样的pH会使吸附量显著下降;椰壳活性炭对天冬氨酸的吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir方程(R20.99);膜扩散及内扩散阶段为吸附的控制阶段;在303 K的温度下,椰壳活性炭对天冬氨酸的最大吸附量为8.33 mg/g。对热力学结果的分析表明,该吸附反应是放热反应,在常温常压下不能自发反应。 相似文献
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介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠 相似文献
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Árpád Ambrus 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):435-442
Abstract A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits. 相似文献
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Evaluation of the presence of drugs of abuse in tap waters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A total of seventy samples of drinking water were tested for non-controlled and illicit drugs. Of these, 43 were from Spanish cities, 15 from seven other European countries, three from Japan and nine from seven different Latin American countries. The most frequently detected compounds were caffeine, nicotine, cotinine, cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine, methadone and its metabolite EDDP. The mean concentrations of non-controlled drugs were: for caffeine 50 and 19 ng L−1, in Spanish and worldwide drinking water respectively and for nicotine 13 and 19 ng L−1. Illicit drugs were sparsely present and usually at ultratrace level (<1 ng L−1). For example, cocaine has mean values of 0.4 (Spain) and 0.3 ng L−1 (worldwide), whereas for benzoylecgonine, these mean values were 0.4 and 1.8 ng L−1, respectively. Higher concentrations of benzoylecgonine were found in Latin American samples (up to 15 ng L−1). No opiates were identified in any sample but the presence of methadone and EDDP was frequently detected. Total mean values for EDDP were 0.4 ng L−1 (Spain) and 0.3 ng L−1 (worldwide). Very few samples tested positive for amphetamines, in line with the reactivity of chlorine with these compounds. No cannabinoids, LSD, ketamine, fentanyl and PCP were detected. 相似文献
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Azadeh Kermanshahi pour David G. Cooper Orval A. Mamer Milan Maric Jim A. Nicell 《Chemosphere》2009,77(2):258-263
Biodegradation mechanisms were elucidated for three dibenzoate plasticizers: diethylene glycol dibenzoate (D(EG)DB), dipropylene glycol dibenzoate (D(PG)DB), both of which are commercially available, and 1,6-hexanediol dibenzoate, a potential green plasticizer. Degradation studies were done using Rhodococcus rhodochrous in the presence of pure alkanes as a co-substrate. As expected, the first degradation step for all of these systems was the hydrolysis of one ester bond with the release of benzoic acid and a monoester. Subsequent biodegradation of the monobenzoates of diethylene glycol (D(EG)MB) and dipropylene glycol (D(PG)MB) was very slow, leading to significant accumulation of these monoesters. In contrast, 1,6-hexanediol monobenzoate was quickly degraded and characterization of the metabolites indicated that the biodegradation proceeded by way of the oxidation of the alcohol group to generate 6-(benzoyloxy) hexanoic acid followed by β-oxidation steps. This pathway was blocked for D(EG)MB and D(PG)MB by the presence of an ether function.The use of a pure hydrocarbon as a co-substrate resulted in the formation of another class of metabolites; namely the esters of the alcohols formed by the oxidation of the alkanes and the benzoic acid released by hydrolysis of the original diesters. These metabolites were biodegraded without the accumulation of any intermediates. 相似文献
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不同泥源对厌氧氨氧化反应器启动的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
采用2套上流式生物膜反应器,分别接种少量厌氧氨氧化污泥和大量硝化污泥,考察其对厌氧氨氧化反应器启动的影响。污泥接种入反应器后,测得接种厌氧氨氧化污泥的反应器(R1)内MLSS为0.22 g/L,另一个反应器(R2)MLSS为2.7 g/L。与直接接种厌氧氨氧化污泥相比,R1经过72 d的运行才显现出厌氧氨氧化特性。经过114 d的培养,前者氮去除速率由0.23 kg/(m3.d)提升到5.29 kg/(m3.d),总氮去除率大于89%;R2的氮去除速率由0.01 kg/(m3.d)提升到1.1 kg/(m3.d),总氮去除率大于84.6%。说明普通污泥启动需要一个较长的筛选过程,直接接种少量的厌氧氨氧化污泥比接种普通的污泥能够更快启动厌氧氨氧化反应器。 相似文献
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生物质快速热裂解主要参数对生物油产率的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以松木木屑为原料,在自制的小型流化床上,开展了生物质热裂解温度、生物质粒径和进料速率对生物油产率的影响实验研究.结果表明,在热裂解温度分别为450、475、500、525和550℃条件下,当热裂解温度为500℃时,生物油产率最高,平均产率达到53.33%(质量百分比).反应温度越高,炭产量越低,不可冷凝气体产量越高,气体发热值越高;粒径<1 mm的生物质其粒径对生物油产率影响不大;生物质进料速率增加时,生物油产率增加.本研究为生物能的利用提供了新的途径. 相似文献
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Janusz A. Pudykiewicz Anna S. Koziol 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》1998,32(24):5541
The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing. 相似文献
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造纸废水混凝处理中SFT助凝替代性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中小造纸厂废水处理常用PAC作混凝剂 ,PAM作助凝剂。由于PAM成本很高 ,影响了处理设备的投运率。用超细滑石粉 (SFT)替代PAM助凝 ,与混凝剂PAC配合 ,其混凝处理效果基本相当 ,但是处理成本降低 0 .10元 /m3 。由于SFT属环境无害材料 ,不会给排泥带来二次污染 相似文献