超声波预处理对污泥好氧/缺氧消化的效果

为评价超声波预处理对城市污泥好氧/缺氧消化效果的影响,将超声波-好氧/缺氧消化工艺与传统的好氧/缺氧消化工艺进行了对比研究。结果表明,经25 d消化处理,引进超声波后的好氧/缺氧消化效果显著提高,污泥的VSS去除率达到51.98%,高于传统好氧/缺氧消化的42.98%。2种工艺消化的污泥TCOD以及污泥上清液中的SCOD、TP和NH3-N的变化趋势相似;而经超声波-好氧/缺氧消化的污泥上清液中硝态氮和亚硝态氮浓度较传统好氧/缺氧的高,说明经超声波处理后的污泥中的硝化细菌的活性增强,硝化反应加快。     

超声波预处理提高污泥好氧消化性能研究

为评价超声波预处理对提高污泥生物消化的作用,采用超声波预处理与好氧消化衔接,测试了污泥消化的溶解性有机物(SCOD)、TSS及蛋白酶变化过程.结果表明,污泥超声波预处理效果较好的能量密度与时间分别为12 kW/L和10 min,此时有机物释放与能量输入之比较优;在此条件下,经预处理后的污泥好氧消化性能明显比未处理的高.消化时间为10.5 d时,经超声波预处理的污泥TSS减量42.7%,而未处理的污泥仅减量20.9%.经超声波预处理后,污泥中的蛋白酶活性明显提高;同时,超声波预处理释放出较多的可溶性物质.因此,增加的可溶性物质与蛋白酶活性使得污泥迅速降解,提高了污泥好氧消化效率,缩短了污泥好氧消化时间.     

好氧/缺氧消化降解污泥特征分析

为考察好氧/缺氧消化过程中污泥降解的特征，利用2个反应器进行对比试验，研究好氧/缺氧和好氧消化2个过程中VS的去除，pH和碱度变化，消化上清液中COD和氮元素变化等情况。试验结果表明:好氧/缺氧消化能够满足污泥稳定的要求，在常温条件下，消化16 d VS去除率即可达到38.2%，同时比好氧消化节约曝气能耗。好氧/缺氧消化对污泥中总氮的去除率高于传统的好氧消化，达到了36.4%，而且能够降低消化污泥上清液中的氨氮和硝态氮浓度。     

低强度超声波预处理对污泥自热式高温好氧消化的影响

以0.3 W·cm-2的低强度超声波对调配好的污泥进行5、10和20 min的辐照,再经过12 d的自热式高温好氧消化(ATAD)。结果表明,适当的低强度超声预处理能够有效地加快稳定化进程,其中超声波辐照10 min后的实验组效果最好,在第8.5天时,温度升高至58.3℃,VSS去除率达到42.1%,比未经超声预处理的实验组提前2 d达到稳定状态。在消化过程中脱氢酶的活性与VSS去除率有着很好的相关性(R20.86),它能有效地表征VSS的高温好氧降解规律及有机物去除程度。稳定后的污泥上清液中TP浓度降至初始浓度的40%以下,TOC浓度升高至初始浓度的3~4倍。然它们的浓度仍很高,仍会给后续处理增加一定的负担。     

电化学预处理污泥的机制研究

采用电化学方法对含固宰为2％(质量分数)的污泥进行预处理.不仅可去除污泥中10.5％的挥发性悬浮固体(VSS),而且还可使后续的污泥好氧消化时间由20 d缩短为16 d.为了探讨电化学预处理提高污泥好氧消化性能的机制,对预处理前后的污泥性质进行了研究,发现污泥经电化学预处理后,上清液中可溶性有机物(SCOD)、TN、T...     

电化学预处理提高剩余污泥好氧消化性能研究

采用电化学方法对好氧消化处理前的剩余污泥(以下简称污泥)进行预处理,考察了不同预处理条件对污泥有机物(以MLVSS来表征)的去除效果,探讨了电化学预处理对污泥好氧消化效率的影响。结果表明,以网状钛涂钌电极板为电极,在pH为11.00,极板间距为2.0cm,工作电压为15V,气体搅拌作用下电解30min后,污泥(初始质量浓度为20.04g/L)的MLVSS去除率达9.7%。污泥经过电化学预处理后,在自然温度(10～15℃)下进行好氧消化处理,14d后MLVSS去除率达40.1%,而同期未经预处理的污泥MLVSS去除率为33.2%,并于20d后达40.2%。经电化学预处理后污泥的好氧消化效率显著提高,大大缩短了污泥好氧消化的时间。     

低强度超声波强化剩余活性污泥好氧消化的研究

污泥是城市污水处理厂的副产物,若处理不当,将会带来一系列严重的环境问题.实验采用低强度超声波对剩余活性污泥(WAS)的好氧消化过程进行强化,选取超声强度、超声时间、超声间隔3个因素设计正交实验.结果表明,经超声辐照的WAS,其好氧消化时间最短仅约为13 d,比未经超声辐照的缩短了18.00 d.对实验结果的极差分析和方差分析表明,低强度超声波强化WAS好氧消化的最佳参数为:超声强度1.0 W/cm2、超声时间10 min、超声间隔8 h.实验还研究了WAS达标前后溶解性化学需氧量(SCOD)和总化学需氧量(TCOD)的变化情况,发现在相对较短的处理时间内,经低强度超声波强化处理的WAS的TCOD降解率仍然能与对照相近甚至高于对照,主要原因是低强度超声波强化了微生物的新陈代谢,促进了其对有机物的吸收分解.     

超声波联合厌氧消化处理制药污泥

以制药废水处理厂污泥为研究对象,采用超声波技术研究了污泥破解过程中污泥溶解性、沉降性、温度p H和粒径分布等变化情况,以及超声预处理对污泥后续厌氧消化的影响。研究结果表明,超声波能强化污泥的溶解性,在超声比能耗0到250 000 k J/kg TS范围内,污泥上清液的SCOD、TOC、TN和TP值均大幅增加,当比能耗相同时,高能短时的超声条件更利于污泥破解;污泥经超声波处理后,温度上升至40~52℃,p H值在6.9±0.2范围内有所波动,体积平均粒径削减58.75%~72.81%,污泥沉降比SV30由35%急剧升高至95%左右,使脱水性能变差。经ES 250 000 k J/kg TS的超声预处理,污泥厌氧消化的甲烷产量提高了36.81%,VS去除率由33.89%提高到53.11%,TCOD去除率由16.65%提高到89.23%,促进了污泥厌氧消化的产气效率和减量化效果。     

调节好氧消化pH值提高污泥沉降和脱水性能

为考察调节pH值对剩余污泥好氧消化效果的影响,采用2个反应器,在不调节pH值与加入NaHC03调节pH≈7两种条件下进行好氧消化对比试验.监测消化过程中污泥TSS、TVSS、SOUR、沉降性及比阻的变化情况,结果表明:在两种条件下污泥均能达到稳定,消化30 d TVSS去除率分别为47.1%和49.2%.消化过程中调节pH≈7,TSS、TVSS去除率略有提高,上清液的浊度和COD降低,并且污泥的沉降、脱水性能改善,因而更有利于后续的处理.     

超声波预处理对牛粪厌氧消化的影响

以牛粪为研究对象,考察超声波预处理对牛粪厌氧消化的影响。结果表明,适宜强度的超声波预处理对牛粪厌氧消化有一定促进作用。与未经预处理牛粪相比,在100、175、250W超声波预处理下牛粪厌氧消化的最高产气速率从127.02mL/d分别提高到179.26、212.73、298.71mL/d,累计产气量从1 674.18mL分别提高到2 279.81、2 508.05、2 730.66mL,消化液达到最低pH的时间从30d分别缩短至25、15、10d;消化液最大溶解性COD从14 881mg/L分别提高到16 450、17 080、19 250mg/L,牛粪挥发性固体的生物降解率从44.7%分别提高到55.4%、57.3%、61.7%。超声波强度过大将对微生物造成破坏,降低生物反应活性,从而抑制牛粪厌氧消化。经325W超声波预处理后,牛粪厌氧消化的最高产气速率、累计产气量等参数均不及未经预处理牛粪。在未来实际应用中,应注意控制超声波强度,以达到最优预处理效果。     

超声与次氯酸钠耦合预处理剩余污泥的中温厌氧消化效果

以某城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为对象,通过实验研究了超声与次氯酸钠预处理对污泥的溶胞效果,以及对后续厌氧消化的影响。结果表明,超声与次氯酸钠耦合作用最优操作条件为超声声能密度1.0 W/mL,作用时间50 min。在此条件下,次氯酸钠投加量为4.023 mg/g SS时,对污泥厌氧消化改善效果最明显,剩余污泥产气率及甲烷含量较对照组分别提高了69.73%和10%。同时污泥VSS去除率由11.11%提高到21.24%,在一定程度上实现了污泥减量。     

膜生物反应器污泥内源消化及SMP变化

膜生物反应器（MBR）中高污泥浓度和低F/M会导致部分微生物长期处于贫营养状态下，因此采用污泥内源消化试验模拟MBR中实际存在的贫营养现象。比较了好氧消化（AD）和好氧/缺氧消化（A/A/D）2种模式对于A²O+MBR工艺剩余污泥的内源消化效果及SMP的变化。研究结果表明，常温条件下A/A/D 20 d MLVSS的去除率可达到50%，AD为42%，缺氧段的引入促进了有机物和营养物质等的释放和去除，SMP浓度均呈现出显著降低而后缓慢增长并趋于稳定的趋势。EEM光谱分析表明，SMP中不同的荧光物质在内源消化过程中呈现出不同的变化规律。GPC分析认为，内源消化过程中SMP的分子量范围逐渐扩大，小分子量有机物呈增长趋势，A/A/D对SMP的降解比AD更为有效。     

超声波对污泥水解的促进作用

以超声波预处理城市污水处理厂剩余污泥,考察不同功能密度下的超声波对污泥水解释放碳源过程的影响。结果表明,污泥经超声波预处理,可缩短污泥水解时间,促进VFA释放,且声能密度越大,促进作用越显著;当声能密度为0.138 W/mL、作用时间为1 min时,污泥水解4~5 d后,释放VFA达到800 mg/L,VFA/TN由初始的1.98提升至4.15,VFA/TP由初始的24.78提升至42.35。同时,超声波不仅破坏污泥絮体结构,而且提高了微生物中蛋白酶和辅酶F420的活性,更有利于污泥水解。     

Biodegradation of four phthalate esters in sludge

This study investigated the effects of ultrasonic pretreatment and various treatments on the aerobic degradation of four phthalic acid esters (PAEs) such as diethyl phthalate (DEP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethyl hexyl)phthalate (DEHP) in sludge. The effect on PAE degradation of treating sludge with a 20 min sonication period at a power level of 0.1 W ml(-1) was evaluated. The degradation rates of the four PAEs were DBP>BBP>DEP>DEHP. Degradation rate constants (k(1)) and half-lives (t(1/2)) for the four PAEs (50 mg kg(-1)) ranged from 0.182 to 0.379 day(-1) and 1.8 to 3.8 days, respectively. The optimal pH for PAE degradation in sludge was 7.0 at 30 degrees C. PAE degradation was enhanced by the addition of yeast extract, brij 30 or brij 35 and inhibited by the addition of hydrogen peroxide. Our results show that a combination of ultrasonic pretreatment and biodegradation can effectively remove PAE from sludge.     

Enhancing aerobic digestion potential of municipal waste-activated sludge through removal of extracellular polymeric substance

A protease-secreting bacteria was used to pretreat municipal sewage sludge to enhance aerobic digestion. To enhance the accessibility of the sludge to the enzyme, extracellular polymeric substances were removed using citric acid thereby removing the flocs in the sludge. The conditions for the bacterial pretreatment were optimized using response surface methodology. The results of the bacterial pretreatment indicated that the suspended solids reduction was 18 % in sludge treated with citric acid and 10 % in sludge not treated with citric acid whereas in raw sludge, suspended solids reduction was 5.3 %. Solubilization was 10.9 % in the sludge with extracellular polymeric substances removed in contrast to that of the sludge with extracellular polymeric substances, which was 7.2 %, and that of the raw sludge, which was just 4.8 %. The suspended solids reduction in the aerobic reactor containing pretreated sludge was 52.4 % whereas that in the control reactor was 15.3 %. Thus, pretreatment with the protease-secreting bacteria after the removal of extracellular polymeric substances is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method.     

正交实验优化超声波预处理污泥的工况研究

在污泥浓度为9 915 mg/L时,选取超声频率、超声声强和超声时间3个因素设计正交实验,以污泥破解度(DDSCOD)、污泥好氧率(SOUR)和脱氢酶(DHA)活性作为指标,对超声波预处理的工况进行了优化。研究结果表明,最佳的超声预处理参数组合为:超声频率28 kHz,声能密度0.15 W/mL,超声时间10 min。此外,研究还发现不同浓度的污泥,对应的最佳超声组合参数也不同。     

Operation of the SHARON denitrification process to treat sludge reject water using hydrolyzed primary sludge to denitrify.

An efficient biological treatment to treat reject water from anaerobic digestion of wastewater sludge is the SHARON denitrification process, which takes place in a chemostat reactor, where aerobic/anoxic periods are alternated under specific hydraulic retention time (HRT) and temperature conditions that favor ammonium oxidizers growth and ensure the total washout of nitrite oxidizers, achieving the biological nitrogen removal over nitrite. An optimized performance of this process to treat Spanish reject water was obtained using methanol and working at an HRT of 2 days, 33 degrees C, and cycle length of 2 hours. Supernatant of hydrolyzed primary sludge was tested to denitrify. Because biochemical oxygen demand was not extremely high in the primary sludge, the fluid dynamics of the system were changed, with respect to the strategy with methanol, but maintaining the reject water influent flowrate. The use of hydrolyzed primary sludge improved the process efficiency, because the alkalinity present in the primary sludge buffered the process until an optimum pH range.     

Solubilization of municipal sewage waste activated sludge by novel lytic bacterial strains

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are an extracellular matrix found in sludge which plays a crucial role in flocculation by interacting with the organic solids. Therefore, to enhance pretreatment of sludge, EPS have to be removed. In this study, EPS were removed with a chemical extractant, NaOH, to enhance the bacterial pretreatment. A lysozyme secreting bacterial consortium was isolated from the waste activated sludge (WAS). The result of density gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis revealed that the isolated consortium consists of two strains. The two novel strains isolated were named as Jerish03 (NCBI accession number KC597266) and Jerish 04 (NCBI accession number KC597267) and they belong to the genus Bacillus. Pretreatment with these novel strains enhances the efficiency of the aerobic digestion of sludge. Sludge treated with the lysozyme secreting bacterial consortium produced 29 % and 28.5 % increase in suspended solids (SS) reduction and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal compared to the raw activated sludge (without pretreatment) during aerobic digestion. It is specified that these two novel strains had a high potential to enhance WAS degradation efficiency in aerobic digestion.