The radiative efficiency of HCF2OCF2OCF2CF2OCF2H (H-Galden 1040x) revisited

The infrared spectrum of HCF₂OCF₂OCF₂CF₂OCF₂H (CAS# 188690-77-9) has been re-measured. The integrated absorption intensity over the range 1000–1500 cm^?1 measured in the present work is (6.65 ± 0.33) × 10^?17 cm² molecule^?1 cm^?1 in 700 Torr of air at 296 K. The radiative efficiency of HCF₂OCF₂OCF₂CF₂OCF₂H is calculated to be 1.02 W m^?2 ppb^?1. The value reported in the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report is approximately 35% larger reflecting what we believe to be an erroneously high value for the absorption strength of HCF₂OCF₂OCF₂CF₂OCF₂H adopted by the IPCC.     

UV/H2O2/Fe-FeOxH2x-3和UV/H2O2工艺降解水中富里酸的研究

采用硼氢化钠还原法制备核-壳结构的Fe-FeOxH2x-3复合材料,研究了富里酸在UV/H2O2和UV/H2O2/FeFeOxH2x-3两种不同反应体系下的降解情况.结果表明,核-壳结构Fe-FeOxH2x-3的存在,提高了UV/H2O2降解富里酸的反应速率,TOC去除达到84%.采用XAD树脂吸附法对反应前后的富里酸进行化学分级表征,结果表明,富里酸经反应后憎水酸(HoA)、弱憎水酸(WHoA)和憎水中性物质(HoN)都有所减少,进而转化为亲水性物质(HiM);用超滤膜法对富里酸进行物理分级表征,考察了富里酸在反应前后分子量分布的变化情况.同时,富里酸经过反应后生成的中间产物降低了三氯甲烷生成趋势.     

H_2O_2/Fe~0、H_2O_2/Fe~(2+)、H_2O_2/Fe~(3+)3种体系处理印染废水

采用H2O2/Fe0、H2O2/Fe2+、H2O2/Fe3+3种体系分别对印染废水进行处理,研究pH值、H2O2投加量、不同价态铁元素的投加量及反应时间对印染废水的COD和色度处理效果的影响。实验最佳的处理条件:H2O2/Fe0体系在pH为3.0,Fe0投加量为3.0 mmol/L,H2O2投加量为9.0 m L/L,反应时间为40 min时,COD去除率达到95.99%,色度去除率达到100%;H2O2/Fe3+体系在pH为3.0,Fe3+投加量为5.0 mmol/L,H2O2投加量为12.5 m L/L,反应时间为100 min时,COD去除率达到95.89%,色度去除率达到100%;H2O2/Fe2+体系在pH为3.0,Fe2+投加量为6.0 mmol/L,H2O2投加量为12.0m L/L,反应时间为100 min时,COD去除率达到95.85%,色度去除率达到100%。对比分析3种体系在各因素下的处理结果,H2O2/Fe0体系和H2O2/Fe3+体系都要优于H2O2/Fe2+体系,其中H2O2/Fe0体系的处理效果最好。     

RuO2-IrO2-SnO2/Ti阳极电催化氧化苯酚的研究

以RuO2-IrO2-SnO2/Ti钛网电极为阳极,RuO2-IrO2/Ti钛网电极为阴极,构建了电催化氧化体系,同时以苯酚为底物、硫酸钠为电解质,考察了不同pH、极板间距、电流密度和苯酚初始浓度对苯酚去除率的影响。结果表明,在pH为6.5、极板间距为1.0cm、电流密度为50mA/cm2、苯酚初始质量浓度为1 000mg/L的最佳实验条件下,取硫酸钠质量浓度为20g/L的苯酚模拟废水250mL,120min时苯酚去除率可以达到98.4%。     

3种染料化合物在UV-TiO2/H2O2和UV-TiO2体系中的光催化降解研究

采用自制的TiO2膜和平板式固定床型光催化氧化反应装置,对甲基橙、茜素红和罗丹明B 3种含有不同生色基团的染料化合物进行了TiO2光催化氧化降解研究,通过对照测定降解过程中吸光度、电导率、pH的变化,分析了在加入和不加入H2O22种情况下降解过程的异同,比较了3种染料化合物脱色的难易程度,揭示了降解产物中无机离子的变化规律及某些可能的产物类型.     

Replacement of H2O2 by O2 in Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions

The consumption of oxygen during the degradation of aniline by Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions is studied. The effect that parameters like aniline, Fe(II) and H2O2 initial concentration, pH, temperature and O2 flow rate have on the ratio O2 consumed/H2O2 consumed is examined. The determination of those combinations of experimental conditions for which an effective partial replacement of H2O2 by O2 as electron acceptor takes place is investigated. The results show that this replacement takes place in a variable extent, but the presence of H2O2 is necessary along the reaction, and the maximum consumption of O2 only takes place when the ratio amount of aniline mineralized vs. initial aniline concentration is minimal.     

NaClO_2/H_2O_2复合吸收剂同时脱硫脱硝实验研究

在喷淋塔中,对NaClO_2/H_2O_2复合吸收剂(简称复合吸收剂)同时去除烟气中的SO_2和NO进行了研究。考察了复合吸收剂摩尔浓度(H_2O_2与NaClO_2摩尔浓度之和)、H_2O_2和NaClO_2的摩尔比、pH、温度和液气比对SO_2和NO去除率的影响。结果表明:保持H_2O_2和NaClO_2的摩尔比为6,当复合吸收剂摩尔浓度小于7mmol/L时,SO_2和NO去除率随着复合吸收剂浓度的升高而增加,当复合吸收剂摩尔浓度大于7 mmol/L时,SO_2和NO去除率基本不再变化;保持复合吸收剂摩尔浓度为7 mmol/L,当H_2O_2和NaClO_2的摩尔比在6以下时,摩尔比越大,SO_2和NO的去除率越高,超过6以后,去除率不再增加;复合吸收剂的氧化性能在pH为5.5时最大;当温度在60℃以下时,随着温度的升高,NO的去除率增加,但当温度超过60℃后,NO的去除率反而降低。综合考虑成本和处理效果,最优化条件为H_2O_2和NaClO_2的摩尔比为6,复合吸收剂摩尔浓度为7 mmol/L,pH为6.0,温度为60℃,液气比为20.0L/m3。在最佳条件下,SO_2和NO去除率分别达到99.5%、84.3%。     

2-Undecanone and 2-tridecanone in field-grown onion

A field study was conducted to investigate the impact of soil amendments on concentrations of two volatile organic compounds, 2-undecanone and 2-tridecanone, in onion bulbs. The soil in five plots was mixed with sewage sludge, five plots were mixed with yard waste compost, five plots were mixed with laying hen manure each at 15 t acre^?1, and five unamended plots that never received soil amendments were used for comparison purposes. Plots (n = 20) were planted with onion, Allium cepa L. var. Super Star-F1 bulbs. Gas chromatographic/mass spetrometric (GC/MS) analyses of mature onion bulbs crude extracts revealed the presence of two major fragment ions that correspond to 2-undecanone and 2-tridecanone. Soil amended with yard waste compost enhanced 2-undecanone and 2-tridecanone production by 31 and 59%, respectively. Soil amended with chicken manure enhanced 2-undecanone and 2-tridecanone production by 28 and 43%, respectively. Concentrations of 2-undecanone and 2-tridecanone were lowest in onion bulbs of plants grown in sewage sludge and unamended soil, respectively. The increased concentrations of 2-undecanone and 2-tridecanone in onion bulbs may provide a protective character against insect and spider mite attack in field grown onions.     

改性菌丝体对Ni2+的吸附特性研究

通过专利对菌丝体进行了改性.所制备的改性菌丝体对重金属离子具有良好的吸附效果.结果表明,其对Ni2+的吸附容量63.2 mg/g(初始水溶液中Ni2+浓度为200 mg/L),是甲壳素吸附剂的3.3倍(19.1 mg/g),与壳聚糖吸附剂相比吸附容量提高了135%,与D751与南开152相比吸附容量非常接近.用0.5%-0.2%的解吸剂便可以完全解吸,能够重复使用达6次以上.本文还研究了改性菌丝体对Ni2+的吸附过程中重要的影响因素,结果发现,在微碱性(pH=8-9)条件下,改性菌丝体可以把初始浓度高达800 mg/L的Ni2+溶液一次性降低到17 mg/L,为改性菌丝体在工业废水处理中的应用奠定了良好的基础.     

一种光催化体系光催化降解苯胺的研究

以钛酸丁酯为原料．以膨润土为载体,用酸性溶胶法合成TiO2纳米复合物,并利用该复合物作催化剂,在H2O2存在下进行光催化降解苯胺溶液。结果表明,该催化剂在UV／H2O2系统中对苯胺溶液有很好的光催化降解效果,其效果优于纯TiO2;H2O2的存在提高了苯胺光催化降解速率,在本实验条件下其最佳摩尔浓度是5mmol／L;溶液pH是影响反应速率的重要因素．pH在中性范围内具有更强的光催化活性;该体系中苯胺能够有效地被降解,其光催化反应遵循一级反应动力学规律。     

H2O2溶液同时脱硫脱硝实验研究

二氧化硫和氮氧化物是电厂产生的主要大气污染物，研究焦点越来越集中在在一个反应器内实现同时脱硫脱硝。实验以H2O溶液作为吸收液，在自制的鼓泡反应器内，对模拟烟气进行同时脱硫脱硝的实验研究，实验结果表明：H2O浓度、反应温度、NO浓度、SO2浓度、烟气流量对脱除率影响显著，pH、氧含量对脱硝率影响不大。在整个实验范围内脱硫效率总是保持在98．5％以上，脱硝效率最高达到67．4％。     

O3／H2O2高级氧化技术H2O2加入量的简易控制方法

对与臭氧有着不同反应活性的3类有机污染物，探讨并建立了O3／H2O2高级氧化技术H2O2较优投加量的简易控制方法。结果表明，水中存在溶解臭氧是H2O2与臭氧降解效率具有协同作用的必要条件，另外，H2O2的较优加入量直接依赖于目标有机污染物与臭氧的反应活性。对于不同的有机物及在常规的臭氧化水处理时间内，H2O2加入量控制在单独臭氧化处理时水中溶解臭氧的20-30倍（质量比）之间为宜。这种简易控制H2O2加入量的方法对推广O3／H2O2技术在实际废水处理中的应用具有重要的意义。     

Sensitivity of Native Desert Vegetation To SO2 and to SO2 and NO2 Combined

Interest in air pollution injury to native vegetation has been generated with the construction and planned construction of large coal-fired power plants near the coal reserves in the southwest desert areas of the United States. Since information on the effects of SO₂ on these native species was not available in the literature, fumigation studies were conducted with portable chambers placed over native species in the field with SO₂ and SO₂ + NO₂. Pollutant concentrations were measured and controlled with instruments located in a mobile laboratory. Each fumigation was of two hours duration and the concentration ranged from 0.5 to 11 ppm SO₂ and from 0.1 to 5 ppm NO₂. Concentrations of SO₂ above 2 ppm were required to cause injury to all but a few of the 87 species studied. Many of the native desert species proved to be highly resistant to injury from these gases.     

TiO2/NiFe2O2磁性纳米光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能研究

先用水热法制备了纳米级NiFe2O2磁核,然后采用均匀沉淀法在NiFe2O2磁核表面包覆TiO2,制备了一种新型磁性纳米光催化剂TiO2/NiFe2O2通过实验确定了制备TiO2/NiFe2O2的最佳Ti/Ni(摩尔比)为30/1,用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射、热重-差示扫描量热分析(TG-DSC)、磁力学测试等手段对其进行了表征.以甲基橙的水溶液为模拟污染物,评价了TiO2/NiFe2O2的光催化性能,在光照2 h后,甲基橙的脱色率可达98.5%.研究结果表明,TiO2/NiFe2O2是一种可重复使用的高效光催化剂.     

Absorption cross-sections of atmospheric constituents: NO2, O2, and H2O

Absorption spectroscopy, which is widely used for concentration measurements of tropospheric and stratospheric compounds, requires precise values of the absorption cross-sections of the measured species. NO₂, O₂ and its collision-induced absorption spectrum, and H₂O absorption cross-sections have been measured at temperature and pressure conditions prevailing in the Earth’s atmosphere. Corrections to the generally accepted analysis procedures used to resolve the convolution problem are also proposed.     

O3/H2O2高级氧化技术H2O2加入量的简易控制方法

对与臭氧有着不同反应活性的3类有机污染物,探讨并建立了O3/H2O2高级氧化技术H2O2较优投加量的简易控制方法.结果表明,水中存在溶解臭氧是H2O2与臭氧降解效率具有协同作用的必要条件,另外,H2O2的较优加入量直接依赖于目标有机污染物与臭氧的反应活性.对于不同的有机物及在常规的臭氧化水处理时间内,H2O2加入量控制在单独臭氧化处理时水中溶解臭氧的20～30倍(质量比)之间为宜.这种简易控制H2O2加入量的方法对推广O3/H2O2技术在实际废水处理中的应用具有重要的意义.     

Fe2O3-Cr2O3/TiO2系列催化剂的结构和脱硝性能

研究以纳米TiO2为载体,浸渍负载过渡金属氧化物,以CO为还原剂的脱硝催化剂的脱硝性能。实验中以计算量的Ni（NO3）2和Fe（NO3）3混合溶液浸渍纳米TiO2粉末,室温下搅拌30 min至混合均匀,放入旋转蒸发器中,70℃下至水分蒸干为止;所得粉末在550℃下、空气气氛中焙烧4 h即得所需催化剂。用以上方法分别制备2%Fe2O3-10%Cr2O3/TiO2、4%Fe2O3-8%Cr2O3/TiO2、6%Fe2O3-6%Cr2O3/TiO2、8%Fe2O3-4%Cr2O3/TiO2与10%Fe2O3-2%Cr2O3/TiO2等5种催化剂样品。实验结果表明,制备的催化剂具有较好的结构,分散较为均匀。对于CO＋NO反应,Fe2O3-Cr2O3/TiO2系列催化剂具有较好的催化活性,NO的转化率都达到了100%。其中,10%Fe2O3-2%Cr2O3/TiO2样品具有最好的低温活性,H2-TPR结果表明,这是由于10%Fe2O3-2%Cr2O3/TiO2催化剂更易于被CO预还原。     

微波辐射Bi_2O_3/沸石-H_2O_2体系降解废水中的硝基苯

研究了微波辐射下,以负载于沸石上的三氧化二铋为催化剂,以双氧水为氧化剂的催化氧化体系处理硝基苯工艺。通过单因素实验法,从反应催化剂负载量、pH、双氧水用量、微波功率、反应时间、催化剂用量等方面初步考察了硝基苯在该体系中的催化氧化效果。在氧化铋负载量3%(质量比),pH=2,2 mL 30%双氧水,火力为中火,催化剂投加量为0.7 g,反应2 m in,对降解过程所得的中间产物和终产物进行了分析。结果表明,该体系对硝基苯的去除率能够达到99.2%,COD去除率为73.91%。     

La2O3-CeO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂还原脱硫耐氧特性及其反应机理研究

用浸渍法制备了一系列稀土催化剂,研究了其催化CO还原SO2为单质硫的耐氧特性及影响其耐氧性能的主要因素,运用XRD技术分析了催化剂物相的变化及脱硫产物成分.结果表明,12% La2O3-8% CeO2/γ-Al2O3复组分催化剂比其他La2O3-CeO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂具有更好的耐氧性能;脱硫温度、催化剂用量、SO2与CO的摩尔比等对催化剂的耐氧性能均有明显的影响.最后,探讨了稀土催化剂脱硫机理,并分析在有O2条件下,引起脱硫率下降的原因是反应过程中O2与CO、S发生了竞争性反应.     

H2O和SO2对V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂催化氧化NO的影响

研究了在120℃的反应温度下,H2O和SO2对V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂选择性催化氧化（SCO）NO的影响。结果表明,在H2O和SO2存在的情况下催化剂失活很快,停止通入H2O和SO2后活性不能恢复,但在加热到250℃后催化活性基本恢复。FT-IR分析表明,催化剂表面形成了金属硝酸盐和Ti的硫酸盐,对催化活性有一定影响,但不影响催化剂在250℃下催化活性的恢复。SO2、H2O和NO的竞争吸附与SO2和NO2的铅室反应是影响催化剂活性的主要原因。