Use of zeolitized coal fly ash in the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate from aqueous solution

Discharge of wastewater containing nitrogen and phosphate can cause eutrophication. Therefore, the development of an efficient material for the immobilization of the nutrients is important. In this study, a low calcium fly ash and high calcium fly ash were converted into zeolite using the hydrothermal method. The removal of ammonium and phosphate that coexist in aqueous solution by the synthesized zeolites were studied. The results showed that zeolitized fly ash could efficiently eliminate ammonium and phosphate at the same time. Saturation of zeolite with Ca²⁺ rather than Na⁺ favored the removal of both ammonium and phosphate because the cation exchange reaction by the NH₄ ⁺ resulted in the release of Ca²⁺ into the solution and precipitation of Ca²⁺ with PO₄ ³⁻ followed. An increase in the temperature elevated the immobilization of phosphate whereas it abated the removal of ammonium. Nearly 60% removal efficiency for ammonium was achieved in the neutral pH range from 5.5 to 10.5, while the increase or decrease in pH out of the neutral range lowered the adsorption. In contrast, the removal of phosphate approached 100% at a pH lower than 5.0 or higher than 9.0, and less phosphate was immobilized at neutral pH. However, there was still a narrow pH range from 9.0 to 10.5 favoring the removal of both ammonium and phosphate. It was concluded that the removal of ammonium was caused by cation exchange; the contribution of NH₃ volatilization to immobilization at alkaline conditions (up to pH level of 11.4) was limited. With respect to phosphate immobilization, the mechanism was mainly the formation of precipitate as Ca₃(PO₄)₂ within the basic pH range or as FePO₄ and AlPO₄ within acidic pH range.     

膨胀蛭石同步脱铵除磷的影响因素研究

为探讨膨胀蛭石同步脱铵除磷能力,采用静态吸附实验考察了氨氮和磷酸盐共存时接触时间、粒径、pH值以及温度对膨胀蛭石去除氮磷效果的影响。结果表明,膨胀蛭石具有较好的同步脱铵除磷性能,在pH值为7,温度为25℃条件下,用1.00g粒径为80~100目膨胀蛭石对100mL氨氮和磷酸盐浓度分别为50mg/L和10mg/L的模拟污水处理4h后,氨氮和磷酸盐去除率分别达79.4%和93.0%,两者吸附过程均明显表现为"快速吸附,减速平衡"二阶段特征。中性条件下氨氮去除效果最好,酸性或碱性条件有利于磷酸盐去除,温度升高,氨氮去除率下降,磷酸盐去除率上升。等温吸附实验研究表明,膨胀蛭石对氨氮与磷酸盐的等温吸附线均较好的符合Langmuir方程。     

粉煤灰合成沸石同步脱氨除磷特性的研究

利用粉煤灰合成沸石,研究其在同步去除氮、磷方面的特性.合成沸石对氨氮和磷酸盐的吸附净化均随时间增加而变化,但均在24h后基本达到平衡.随合成沸石投加量的增加,同步去除污水中氮磷的效果越好,但在投加量为8 g·L^-1以上时去除率的增加明显放慢.在pH为7～9时氨氮去除率最高(约60%),超过此pH范围时去除率降低.在pH 7～9范围磷去除率达最低(约为85%),超过此pH范围时去除率增加(最高达到近100%).合成沸石对氨氮的吸附为放热反应,对磷的吸附为吸热反应.不同阳离子饱和的合成沸石对氨氮的吸附顺序依次为:Al>Mg>Ca>Na>Fe,对磷的吸附顺序则为:Al>Fe>Ca>Mg>Na.合成沸石的氨氮吸附机理为阳离子交换作用,对磷的去除除化学沉淀作用外尚有吸附机制.     

镧改性粉煤灰合成沸石的同步脱氨除磷研究

以火电厂固废粉煤灰为主要原料,采用改良水热法研制合成了低成本的P型沸石,对其进行了稀土镧改性处理,以强化其脱氮除磷能力.实验研究了改性镧离子浓度、投加量、pH值对同步去除氨氮和磷的影响;运用XRD和SEM分析技术对合成沸石进行了表征.结果表明,在改性镧离子浓度0.5%、pH值为4~8、投加量为10g/L时,改性后的合成沸石对氨氮和磷的去除率分别达到90%,95%以上.改性后的合成沸石对氨氮及磷的吸附动力学数据符合伪二级方程.Langmuir方程能更好地描述氨氮及磷在改性合成沸石上的等温吸附行为,氨氮和磷的Langmuir最大吸附量分别为3.94,1.65mg/g.     

锆改性沸石对水中磷酸盐和铵的吸附特性

采用锆对天然沸石进行改性,并研究了锆改性沸石对水中磷酸盐和铵的吸附特性.结果表明,锆改性沸石对水中磷酸盐和铵均具有很好的吸附能力.锆改性沸石对水中磷酸盐和铵的吸附动力学过程满足准二级动力学模型.Langmuir、Freundlich和Dubinin–Radushkevich(D–R)等温吸附模型可以很好地描述锆改性沸石对水中磷酸盐的等温吸附行为.Langmuir等温吸附模型可以很好地描述锆改性沸石对水中铵的等温吸附行为.由Langmuir等温吸附模型计算得到锆改性沸石对磷酸盐和铵的最大吸附容量分别达到26.2,7.82 mg/g.热力学参数表明锆改性沸石对水中磷酸盐的吸附是自发的吸热反应过程.锆改性沸石对水中磷酸盐的吸附能力随着pH值的增加而降低.当pH4~8时,锆改性沸石对水中铵的吸附能力较高;当pH低于4或高于8时,对铵的吸附能力下降.水中共存的Cl-、SO42-、HCO3-和NO3-等阴离子对锆改性沸石吸附磷酸盐的影响很小,而共存的SiO32-对磷酸盐的吸附则具有较强的负面影响.水中共存的Ca2+和Mg2+对锆改性沸石吸附铵的影响较小,而共存的K+和Na+对铵的吸附则具有较强的负面影响.锆改性沸石吸附水中磷酸盐的主要机制是阴离子配位体的交换,吸附水中铵的主要机制是与沸石中可交换阳离子的离子交换.     

粉煤灰提铝中间产物合成4A分子筛对氨氮的吸附行为研究

采用粉煤灰提铝中间产物合成4A分子筛,利用XRD、SEM、热重分析、化学成分分析、阳离子交换容量对4A分子筛进行表征.考察吸附时间、pH、分子筛投加量、氨氮初始浓度、共存阳离子对其吸附性能的影响,研究其对模拟废水中氨氮的吸附效果,并结合准二级动力学方程、吸附等温线研究吸附性能和机理.结果表明,初始浓度为50 mg·L~(-1)、4A分子筛投加量为5 g·L~(-1)、pH值为6~9、吸附时间为80 min时氨氮去除率可达71.34%;随着氨氮初始浓度升高,其去除率降低,吸附容量增加;共存阳离子Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)对NH_4~+有强烈的竞争吸附,Mg~(2+)无明显竞争作用.吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程和Freundlich模型.Langmuir吸附等温线显示最大吸附容量为20 mg·g~(-1).     

磷酸铵镁沉淀法预处理7-ACA综合废水试验研究

采用磷酸铵镁(MAP)沉淀法对高氨氮7-ACA综合废水进行了预处理试验研究,以Na2HPO4和MgCl2.6H2O作为沉淀剂,探讨了初始反应pH值、n(Mg2+):n(PO43-)/:n(NH4+)投配比及反应时间等因素对氨氮去除效果的影响。结合结晶物SEM分析,确定预处理的最佳工艺条件为:初始反应pH 9.0、n(Mg2+):n(PO43-):n(NH4+)投配比1.0:1.1:1和反应时间20 min。平行试验结果表明,在最佳工艺条件下,当进水氨氮浓度为1 020~1 190 mg/L时,处理后出水氨氮浓度为小于150.0 mg/L,氨氮去除率在85.0%以上,残磷量小于40.0 mg/L,为7-ACA综合废水的后续生化处理创造了有利条件。     

酒精-沼气双发酵耦联系统同步脱氨除硫工艺

木薯燃料酒精-沼气双发酵耦联系统中,蒸馏废液含有一定浓度的硫酸盐和有机氮。经传统厌氧生物处理,所产生的氨和硫化氢不仅对厌氧处理体系中的微生物具有毒害作用,还会对酒精发酵酵母的生长和代谢产生不良影响。因此,对蒸馏废液厌氧脱氨除硫新工艺的研究具有重要意义。文章以厌氧流化床为反应器,对模拟废水中的氨和硫酸盐的同步去除进行了研究。模拟废水中含有氯化铵和硫酸钠,分别作为电子供体和电子受体,以葡萄糖作为唯一碳源。实验运行83 d,反应器有机容积负荷降至0.4 kg(/m.3d),SO42-和NH4+-N进水浓度分别升高至676 mg/L和200 mg/L。COD、硫酸盐和氨氮的去除率分别达到93.50%、67.22%和58.28%;氨和硫酸盐去除的摩尔比约为2:1,并在反应器出水中检测到了单质硫的存在,且其含量随反应进行不断增加。这些结果证明了厌氧流化床体系中同步脱氨除硫反应的存在。另外通过对不同阶段实验结果的分析初步探讨了该反应的机理。     

磷酸铵镁—混凝深度处理垃圾渗滤液实验研究

采用磷酸铵镁—混凝法对广东某环保发电厂经混凝-生化处理后的垃圾渗滤液进行深度处理,实验结果表明:磷酸铵镁在渗滤液pH为10.5,Mg∶P∶N=1.8∶1.6∶1条件下沉淀效果较好;以硫酸铁作为混凝剂,pH=7,混凝剂(5%)为23mL,沉淀时间为45min时处理水COD为225mg/L,氨氮10.5mg/L,总磷0.21mg/L,可达《生活垃圾渗滤液排放限值》(GB16889-1997)的二级排放标准。     

酸浸粉煤灰制备复合混凝剂及其处理生活污水的效果研究

研究了以粉煤灰和H_２ＳＯ₄为原料,常温常压下搅拌反应制备复合混凝剂的方法,考查了酸种类、酸浓度、酸灰比、搅拌时间等因素对Fe^３＋、Al^３＋溶出效果和生活污水混凝效果的影响.结果表明,酸灰比5 mL/g、浓度2 mol/Ｌ的H_２ＳＯ₄溶液与粉煤灰搅拌4 h并静置30 min后制得的混凝剂,其中Fe^３＋的浓度为0 .010 8 mol/Ｌ,溶出率为11 .4%;Al^３＋的浓度为0 .035 4 mol/Ｌ,溶出率为4 .3%;对生活污水的COD去除率70 .4%,SS去除率91 .9%,与市售聚合混凝剂效果相当,是一种有开发利用价值的水处理剂.     

磷酸铵镁同时脱氮除磷技术研究

探讨了pH值,物质摩尔配比,反应时间,反应温度,物质浓度,陈化时间,沉淀剂加入方式等因素对MAP同时脱氮除磷效果的影响。确定了各影响因素的较佳值,并对各因素的影响机理进行了探讨。在兼顾处理液的含盐量尽量低,以及满足处理液中的磷含量<10mg/L,氨氮含量在20mg/L左右的条件下,优化出了处理氨氮浓度为0.1mol/L(1400mg/L)及磷酸盐为相应浓度的废水的最佳pH为9.5,最佳摩尔配比为n(Mg):n(P):n(N)=1.2:1.03:1.0。     

Material conversion from paper sludge ash in NaOH solution to synthesize adsorbent for removal of Pb^2＋, NH^4＋ and PO4^3- from aqueous solution

Material conversion from paper sludge ash (PSA) in NaOH solution was attempted to synthesize the adsorbent for removal of inorganic pollutants, such as Pb2+, NH4 + and PO4 3?? from aqueous solution. PSA of 0.5 g was added into 10 mL of 3 mol/L NaOH solution, and then heated at 80, 120, and 160°C for 6–48 hr to obtain the product. PSA mainly composed of two crystalline phases, gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7) and anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), and amorphous phase. Hydroxysodalite (Na6Al6Si6O24 8H2O) was formed at 80°C, and anorthite dissolved, whereas gehlenite remained una ected. Katoite (Ca3Al2SiO4(OH)8) was formed over 120°C, and hydroxycancrinite (Na8(OH)2Al6Si6O24 2H2O) was formed at 160°C, due to the dissolution of both gehlenite and anorthite. Specific surface areas of the products were almost same and were higher than that of raw ash. Cation exchange capacities (CECs) of the products were also higher than that of raw ash, and CEC obtained at lower temperature was higher. Removal abilities of products for Pb2+, NH4 +, and PO4 3?? were higher than that of raw ash.With increasing reaction temperature, the removal e ciencies of Pb2+ and NH4 + decreased due to the decrease of CEC of the product, while removal e ciency for PO4 3?? was almost same. The concentrations of Si and Al in the solution and the crystalline phases in the solid during the reaction explain the formation of the product phases at each temperature.     

大型磷铵企业环境风险评价的探讨

大型磷铵企业一般包括合成氨、硫酸、磷酸、磷铵等化工过程,生产工艺复杂,涉及氨、硫酸、磷酸、氟化氢等化学品,环境风险较大,笔者以某大型磷铵企业为例,对该企业重点污染风险因子进行识别,同时介绍了风险事故概率确定、事故环境影响预测、事故减缓措施及风险事故应急预案等,并提出了大型磷铵企业环境风险的防范措施.     

化学沉淀法去除垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮

为了有效地去除垃圾渗滤液中高浓度的ＮＨ＾＋４－Ｎ而避免传统吹脱法造成吹脱塔内碳酸盐结垢问题,探讨了采用化学药剂诸加ＭｇＣｌ２·６Ｈ２Ｏ和Ｎａ２ＨＰＯ４·１２Ｈ２Ｏ或ＭｇＯ和Ｈ３ＰＯ４使ＮＨ＾＋４－Ｎ生成磷酸铵镁的化学沉淀去除法。小试研究结果表明,当垃圾渗滤液中投加ＭｇＣｌ２·６Ｈ２Ｏ和Ｎａ２ＨＰＯ４·１２Ｈ２Ｏ而使Ｍｇ＾２＋：ＮＨ＾＋４：ＰＯ＾３－４的比例为１：１：１时,在最佳ｐＨ为８．５～９．０     

镧改性沸石活性覆盖控制重污染河道底泥溶解性磷酸盐和铵释放研究

通过实验考察了镧改性沸石对水中磷酸盐和铵的吸附性能,并探讨了低溶解氧情况下镧改性沸石覆盖控制底泥溶解性磷酸盐和铵态氮释放的效率.镧改性沸石对水中磷酸盐和铵的吸附动力学过程满足准二级动力学模型.镧改性沸石对水中磷酸盐的吸附平衡数据可以采用Langmuir等温吸附方程加以描述,对水中铵的吸附平衡数据可以采用Langmuir、Freundlich和Dubinin-Radushkevich(D-R)等温吸附方程加以描述.当pH 7时,镧改性沸石吸附水中磷酸盐的机制包括配位体交换、路易斯酸碱反应和静电吸引,吸附水中铵的机制是阳离子交换.镧改性沸石覆盖不仅可以有效地控制溶解性磷酸盐从底泥向上覆水的释放,而且可以明显降低铵态氮从底泥向上覆水迁移的速率.镧改性沸石覆盖量越多,控制底泥铵态氮释放的效果越好.镧改性沸石覆盖层吸附从底泥中释放出来的溶解性磷酸盐后主要以较为稳定的形态存在,低溶解氧情况下不容易重新释放出来.上述结果表明,镧改性沸石适合作为一种覆盖材料用于控制低溶解氧情况下溶解性磷酸盐和铵态氮从底泥向上覆水的释放.     

化学沉淀法回收污泥中氮磷的影响因素研究

污水处理厂污泥上清液中富集着较高浓度溶解性的氮磷,将此部分氮磷形成磷酸盐沉淀(如磷酸氨镁、磷酸钙、磷酸铝等)加以回收利用,受到各种因素的影响.文章以正交试验得出的影响因素为基础,深入研究了pH、初始PO43--p的浓度、Mg/P和反应时间对某污水厂污泥上清液中磷酸氨镁沉淀法回收氮磷的影响.结果表明:pH是影响污泥上清液...     

Modeling assessment for ammonium nitrogen recovery from wastewater by chemical precipitation

Chemical precipitation to form magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) is an effective technology for recovering ammonium nitrogen (NH4 +-N). In the present research, we investigated the thermodynamic modeling of the PHREEQC program for NH4 +-N recovery to evaluate the effect of reaction factors on MAP precipitation. The case study of NH4 +-N recovery from coking wastewater was conducted to provide a comparison. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to assist in understanding the relative significance of reaction factors and the interactive effects of solution conditions. Thermodynamic modeling indicated that the saturation index (SI) of MAP followed a polynomial function of pH. The SI of MAP increased logarithmically with the Mg2+/NH4 + molar ratio (Mg/N) and the initial NH4 +-N concentration (CN), respectively, while it decreased with an increase in Ca2+/NH4 + and CO3 2??/NH4 + molar ratios (Ca/N and CO3 2??/N), respectively. The trends for NH4 +-N removal at different pH and Mg/N levels were similar to the thermodynamic modeling predictions. The RSM analysis indicated that the factors including pH, Mg/N, CN, Ca/N, (Mg/N) (CO3 2??/N), (pH)2, (Mg/N)2, and (CN)2 were significant. Response surface plots were useful for understanding the interaction effects on NH4 +-N recovery.     

飞灰和水在脉冲放电脱硫中作用的研究

为探讨脉冲放电脱硫和除尘结合的可行性 ,研究了飞灰和水对脉冲放电脱硫的影响。飞灰对脉冲放电脱硫影响不大 ;水对脉冲放电有明显抑制作用 ,但能显著提高脱硫效果 ,提高能量效率 ;飞灰和水协同作用对脱硫有利 ,不加氨时脱硫率达 1 6 2 % ,添加氨时电晕脱硫率达 30 5% ,总脱硫率 80 2 %。     

Advanced regeneration and fixed-bed study of ammonium and potassium removal from anaerobic digested wastewater by natural zeolite

Highly efficient regeneration of natural zeolite was developed in conjunction with the removal of high concentrations of ammonia and potassium from the reverse osmosis effluent of anaerobic-digested wastewater by fixed-bed ion exchange.The elution and uptake behavior of ammonium and potassium in the fixed bed were studied.Both batch desorption tests and on-column regeneration were conducted to develop an optimum regeneration condition compatible with the wastewater requirements.The effectiveness of ammonium elution increased with increasing alkaline concentration.The increase of salt dose significantly enhanced the ammonium maximum in the elution solution.Complete ammonium elution was achieved in 6 bed volumes(BV) when the alkaline and salt concentrations were respectively 0.1 mol/L and 18.6 g/L at a flow rate of 2.5-3.0 BV/hr.Due to the higher affinity of potassium with natural clinoptilolite,complete potassium elution was not achieved in all cases.     

氨基酸部分取代硝态氮对小白菜硝酸盐累积的影响

采用水培试验研究了氨基酸和硫酸铵部分取代硝态氮对小白菜硝酸盐含量及营养品质的影响.结果表明,谷氨酸与谷氨酰胺等氮量配合(Glu+Gln)部分取代硝态氮对小白菜地上部鲜重和干重的影响较小,但谷氨酸(Glu)和硫酸铵[(NH₄)2SO₄]导致鲜重显著下降,并且Glu使干重也显著下降.氨基酸和硫酸铵部分取代硝态氮均降低小白菜可食部分的硝酸盐的含量,但氨基酸效果更好,依次为Glu>Gln>Glu+Gln;氨基酸部分取代硝态氮均促进小白菜对磷和钾养分的吸收,Gln促进氮的吸收,均提高地上部分的全氮、全磷和全钾的含量;氨基酸和硫酸铵部分取代硝态氮均使小白菜的品质有不同程度提高,其中可溶性糖的含量,除Glu+Gln处理外其他处理都显著高于对照,并以(NH4)2SO4效果最好;Glu能显著增加维生素C的含量,其他处理不显著;除Gln外,各处理均显著增加游离氨基酸的含量,并以Glu+Gln处理效果最佳;Glu和Gln显著增加可溶性蛋白的含量,而(NH₄)₂SO₄和Glu+Gln对可溶性蛋白质含量无明显影响.氨基酸和硫酸铵对小白菜硝酸盐含量及营养品质的影响与其对根系活力,叶绿素含量、谷草转氨酶(GOT)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性的提高作用有关.