山东征缴海洋生态补偿费3000万元

为了加强海洋生态环境保护，山东省积极完善海洋生态补偿赔偿机制，2010年6月在全国率先出台了《海洋生态损害赔偿费和损失补偿费管理暂行办法》，明确用海补偿原则和责任主体，确定合理的赔偿补偿标准。对在山东省管辖海域内，发生海洋污染事故、     

深化生态保护补偿制度 有序推进生态产品价值实现

生态保护补偿和生态产品价值实现作为践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念的关键路径,在研究和实践层面都取得了重要进展。本研究从我国生态保护补偿演变特点入手,梳理了生态保护补偿与生态产品价值实现的关系,提出新时期我国生态保护补偿改革路径。研究认为,生态保护补偿是生态产品价值实现的重要组成部分,生态产品价值实现是生态保护补偿发展到一定阶段的必然产物,从生态保护补偿到生态产品价值实现反映了政府主导、市场运作推动生态产品供需不断趋于均衡的过程。本文建议进一步加强“有为政府”与“有效市场”的综合运用,不断延展生态保护补偿的目标和范围,建立健全经济社会生态目标集成的综合生态保护补偿机制,推动政府与市场各有侧重地支持生态保护补偿各领域和全过程,推进生态产品价值的普遍实现和充分转化。     

生态资源≠“免费午餐”——我国生态补偿亟需制度化出口

生态补偿是以保护生态环境、促进人与自然和谐为目的,根据生态系统服务价值、生态保护成本、发展机会成本,综合运用行政和市场手段,调整生态环境保护和建设相关各方之间利益关系的一项环境经济政策。建立生态补偿机制必须将长期效应和短期效应结合起来,以保证政策的持续有效性。     

生态补偿机制

<正>生态补偿机制是以环保生态环境促进人与自然为目的,根据生态系统服务价值、生态保护成本发展机会成本、综合运用行政和市场手段、调整生态环境保护和建设相关各方面之间利益关系的环境经济政策。——网络综合消息     

水生态产品内涵及其价值解析研究

水生态产品是生态产品的重要组成部分,目前我国水生态产品的界定、价值核算及其保值增值路径研究尚处于起步阶段。本文从水生态产品的基本属性出发,解析了水生态产品的内涵与分类;通过水生态产品的功能量和价值量核算研究,对水生态产品价值实现路径进行了探讨;并对我国水生态产品价值实现提出政策建议,即开展水生态产品普查,加快建立面向实践的水生态产品价值理论与核算方法体系,推进建立水生态产品价值核算、审计、保护补偿与损害赔偿制度体系,创新探索山水林田湖草生命共同体理念下的生态产品综合价值实现体系,以期推动我国水生态产品的生产能力提升及其保值增值。     

山东省环境生态损害赔偿制度改革试点工作的探索

山东作为环境生态损害赔偿制度改革试点省份,在赔偿磋商、赔偿诉讼、资金管理、鉴定评估等方面开展了积极探索创新,并取得阶段性进展。本文以山东的实践探索为基础,基于生态环境损害赔偿制度改革面临的法律、制度衔接、赔偿金管理等问题分析研究,提出相关政策建议:在国家层面以法律明确生态环境损害赔偿制度,完善生态环境损害赔偿与环境公益诉讼的衔接,构建生态环境损害赔偿资金管理制度等。     

生态产品价值实现的基本模式与创新路径

良好的生态环境是经济社会绿色高质量发展的内生动力,建立生态产品价值实现机制是全面落实习近平生态文明思想、践行"绿水青山就是金山银山"理念的重要举措。本文系统梳理了我国已经开展的生态产品价值实现的地方实践,按照物质供给类产品、文化服务类产品、生态调节服务类产品总结了生态产品价值实现的三类基本模式,分析了生态产品价值实现机制落地的三大瓶颈,聚焦生态产品价值核算、市场交易、生态产业、生态补偿、绿色金融、生态治理六大重点领域,探索了生态产品价值实现的四条创新路径。     

流域生态补偿与污染赔偿机制

作为调整流域生态环境保护的环境与经济利益关系的～种政策手段,近年来,流域生态补偿与污染赔偿被广泛提及。     

对我国生态产品价值实现机制的基本思考

创新我国生态产品价值实现路径,健全完善生态产品价值实现机制,是践行新时代习近平生态文明思想的重要体现,是实现"绿水青山就是金山银山"的重要举措。近10年来,我国积极探索生态产品价值实现方式,在林权抵押贷款、生态补偿机制、提供绿色农产品和发展特色产业等方面,初见成效,走出了一条因地制宜的生态产品价值实现路径。然而,受自然资源资产产权制度不完善、市场发育不充分和核算体系等因素的影响,生态产品价值实现机制还面临着亟待解决的问题。对此,应从完善自然资源资产权能角度建立有利于生态产品价值实现的产权制度,从完善财政投入角度建立有利于生态产品价值实现的补偿机制,从健全市场体系建设角度建立有利于生态产品价值实现的价格机制,从发展生态产权抵押贷款角度建立有利于生态产品价值实现的金融机制,从健全基础标准体系角度建立有利于生态产品价值实现的核算机制。     

正确理解生态补偿必须明确几个问题

生态补偿是当前环境保护领域理论研究和实践的热点。我国对生态补偿的研究始于20世纪80年代初。在对森林生态效益补偿和矿区恢复等实践探索中逐步演化并发展,但是总体上仍然处于起步和探索阶段。迄今为止。在理论界及政策制定领域对生态补偿的内涵仍没有统一认识。并且在生态补偿应该补偿谁、政府用于生态环境建设的财政支出是否就是生态补偿、     

Attempts to train goldfish to respond to magnetic field stimuli

Two different conditioning procedures, one appetitive and the other aversive, were used in separate attempts to demonstrate response to magnetic fields in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Our results lead us to question those of an orientation experiment by Becker, although we recognize the possibility that goldfish may be sensitive primarily to magnetic field direction rather than intensity and that their directional sensitivity may be evidenced most readily by orientation in the field.     

从生态旅游到低碳旅游——从理念到实践

阐述了生态旅游、低碳旅游的基本概念,分析了生态旅游存在的不足,提出低碳旅游的量化及建立各项标准及其指标评价体系并将之融入低碳旅游全过程以实现低碳旅游的标准化,重点在于实现低碳理念、低碳参与者及低碳实践3个方面的有机结合,以促进旅游业的可持续发展的可操作性建议.     

以学定教,提高课堂教学效率

根据心理学理论,学习是一个学生内化的过程,学生是自主学会的,而不是被动教会的。因此在教学中,教师只有做到以学定教,才能有效提高教学效率,促进学生对知识的掌握。     

如何做好突发环境事件应急监测的快速响应

应急监测是突发性环境污染事故处置中的首要环节,是对污染事故及时、正确地进行应急处理、减轻事故危害和制定恢复措施的根本依据。文章从制定应急监测预案、加强应急监测能力建设、摸清污染源状况、加强应急培训和应急演练等方面对做好突发环境事件应急监测的快速响应作了简要的阐述,供大家探讨。     

Croppers to livestock keepers: livelihood transitions to 2050 in Africa due to climate change

The impacts of climate change are expected to be generally detrimental for agriculture in many parts of Africa. Overall, warming and drying may reduce crop yields by 10–20% to 2050, but there are places where losses are likely to be much more severe. Increasing frequencies of heat stress, drought and flooding events will result in yet further deleterious effects on crop and livestock productivity. There will be places in the coming decades where the livelihood strategies of rural people may need to change, to preserve food security and provide income-generating options. These are likely to include areas of Africa that are already marginal for crop production; as these become increasingly marginal, then livestock may provide an alternative to cropping. We carried out some analysis to identify areas in sub-Saharan Africa where such transitions might occur. For the currently cropped areas (which already include the highland areas where cropping intensity may increase in the future), we estimated probabilities of failed seasons for current climate conditions, and compared these with estimates obtained for future climate conditions in 2050, using downscaled climate model output for a higher and a lower greenhouse-gas emission scenario. Transition zones can be identified where the increased probabilities of failed seasons may induce shifts from cropping to increased dependence on livestock. These zones are characterised in terms of existing agricultural system, current livestock densities, and levels of poverty. The analysis provides further evidence that climate change impacts in the marginal cropping lands may be severe, where poverty rates are already high. Results also suggest that those likely to be more affected are already more poor, on average. We discuss the implications of these results in a research-for-development targeting context that is likely to see the poor disproportionately and negatively affected by climate change.     

重归大自然——密西西比河之行

密西西比河是美国第一大河。它一路曲曲弯弯向着墨西哥湾蜿蜒流去．沿途形成广袤的洪泛平原,滋润着美国大陆41％的土地。水量也比美国其他河流都要多。密西西比河及其洪泛平原哺育着400多种野生动植物。北美地区40％的水禽都沿着密西西比河的路径迁徙。密西西比河对于美国。如同长江对于中国,无论从经济还是生物多样性保护等方面,其作用都是举足轻重。     

亲近自然的一条捷径——向你推荐《生物多样性知识达人手册》

"它随处可见,从最大的海洋到最小的水坑,从最茂密的森林到最干旱的荒漠,从最富饶的沼泽到最高的山峰……它是一个活的银行账户,为人类全部事业和财富提供资本.它是什么?它就是……生物多样性." 翻开《生物多样性知识达人手册》的第一页,在"开头的话"中,你就能读到上面这一段饶有趣味的文字,让你不自觉地联想到我们所处的环境和我们赖以生存的地球.没错,这是一本新鲜出炉的、以生物多样性为主题的读物,用生动有趣的方式告诉你,什么是生物多样性?生物多样性为什么重要?你怎样才能保护好这个星球的生物多样性?     

浅谈如何做好孩子的入学准备

从幼儿园升入小学是孩子迈入知识殿堂的关键一步,也是孩子人生的一大转折。如何协助家长和教师,帮助孩子顺利实现这次转折是非常重要的。基于此目的,结合多年从事幼小教育工作的实际,并根据教育部颁布的《幼儿园教育指导纲要》精神,紧扣学前儿童的心理和学习特点,阐述如何让孩子在各方面得到系统的锻炼和提高,为顺利升入理想的小学、并尽快适应小学阶段的学习和生活做好准备。     

Soil microbial response to herbicides applied to glyphosate-resistant canola

Adoption of glyphosate-resistant canola (Brassica napus L.) has increased glyphosate applications to this crop, and concerns have been raised about unintended consequences of these multiple applications. A field trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of pre-seed and in-crop glyphosate and alternative herbicides on soil microbial community functional structure, diversity and biomass. Pre-seed treatments were 2,4-D, glyphosate and 2,4-D + glyphosate, and in-crop treatments were glyphosate applied once, glyphosate applied twice, ethalfluralin, ethalfluralin + sethoxydim + ethametsulfuron + clopyralid, and sethoxydim + ethametsulfuron. Rhizosphere and bulk soil was collected at flowering stage of canola and analyzed for bacterial community-level substrate utilization patterns and microbial biomass C (MBC). Where differences were significant, pre-seed application of both 2,4-D and glyphosate altered the functional structure and reduced the functional diversity of soil bacteria, but increased MBC. These effects were not necessarily concurrent. The reduction in functional diversity was due to reduction in evenness, which means that the soil where both pre-seed herbicides had been applied was dominated by only few functional groups. In 1 year, two in-crop applications of glyphosate also reduced the functional diversity of soil bacteria when applied after pre-seed 2,4-D, as did in-crop sethoxydim + ethametsulfuron following pre-seed glyphosate. Even though significant differences between herbicides were fewer than non-significant differences, i.e., there were no changes in soil microbial community structure, diversity or biomass in response to glyphosate or alternative herbicides applied to glyphosate-resistant canola in most cases, the observed changes in soil microbial communities could affect soil food webs and biological processes.