Characterization of Methylocystis strain JTA1 isolated from aged refuse and its tolerance to chloroform

To accelerate the efficiency of methane biodegradation in landfills,a Gram-negative,rod-shaped,non-motile,non-spore-forming bacterium,JTA1,which can utilize methane as well as acetate,was isolated from the Laogang MSW landfills,Shanghai,China.Strain JTA1 was a member of genus Methylocystis on the basis of 16S rRNA and pmoA gene sequence similarity.The maximum specific cell growth rates(μmax=0.042 hr-1,R2=0.995) was derived through Boltzmann simulation,and the apparent half-saturation constants(Km(app)=7.08mmol/L,R2=0.982) was calculated according to Michaelis-Menton hyperbolic model,indicating that Methylocystis strain JTA1 had higher-affinity potential for methane oxidation than other reported methanotrophs.By way of adding the strain JTA1 culture,the methane consumption of aged refuse reached 115mL,almost two times of control experiment.In addition,high tolerance of Methylocystis strain JTA1 to chloroform could facilitate the methane oxidation of aged refuse bio-covers.At the chloroform concentration of 50mg/L,the methane-oxidation rate of bio-cover reached 0.114mL/(day·g),much higher than the highest rate,0.0135mL/(day·g),of reported bio-covers.In conclusion,strain JTA1 opens up a new possibility for environmental biotechnology,such as soil or landfills bioremediation and wastewater decontamination.     

Characterization and biodegradation kinetics of a new cold-adapted carbamazepine-degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas sp. CBZ-4

Carbamazepine is frequently detected in waters and hardly eliminated during conventional wastewater treatment processes due to its complicated chemical structure and resistance to biodegradation. A carbamazepine-degrading bacterium named CBZ-4 was isolated at a low temperature （10℃） from activated sludge in a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Strain CBZ-4, which can use carbamazepine as its sole source of carbon and energy, was identified as Pseudomonas sp. by the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The composition and percentage of fatty acids, which can reveal the cold-adaptation mechanism of strain CBZ-4, were determined. Strain CBZ-4 can effectively degrade carbamazepine at optimal conditions： pH 7.0, 10℃, 150 r/min rotation speed, and 13% inoculation volume. The average removal rate of carbamazepine was 46.6% after 144 hr of incubation. The biodegradation kinetics of carbamazepine by CBZ-4 was fitted via the Monod model. Vmax and Ks were found to be 0.0094 hr^-1 and 32.5 mg/L, respectively.     

潘多拉菌LX-1菌株对二氯甲烷的降解特性研究

从某污水处理厂的活性污泥中分离筛选到一株能以二氯甲烷为唯一碳源和能源生长的好氧降解菌LX-1(Pandoraea pnomenusa LX-1).单因素试验表明,适宜菌株LX-1生长的pH和环境温度分别为7.0和35℃,培养基里添加1%的NaCl有助于LX-1的生长及对DCM的降解,二氯甲烷的最大耐受浓度达到了1500mg·L-1.菌株LX-1降解1mg二氯甲烷能产生0.8083mg Cl-和0.3838mg CO2,脱氯率和矿化率分别达到了96.8%和74.15%.培养液中可溶性有机碳含量随降解时间变化呈上升趋势,pH呈下降趋势,结合相关文献报道,推测菌株在代谢二氯甲烷的过程中产生了水溶性小分子酸类(如甲酸)等结构较为简单的有机物,它们最终将被矿化为CO2、H2O和细胞生物量.     

Kinetics and mechanisms of p-nitrophenol biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa HS-D38

The kinetics and mecswithhanisms of p-nitrophenol (PNP) biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa HS-D38 were investigated. PNP could be used by HS-D38 strain as the sole carbon, nitrogen and energy sources, and PNP was mineralized at the maximum concentration of 500 mg/L within 24 h in an mineral salt medium (MSM). The analytical results indicated that the biodegradation of PNP fit the first order kinetics model. The rate constant k_PNP is 2.039 × 10⁻²/h in MSM medium, K_PNP+N is 3.603 × 10⁻²/h with the addition of ammonium chloride and K_PNP+C is 9.74 × 10⁻³/h with additional glucose. The addition of ammonium chloride increased the degradation of PNP. On the contrary, the addition of glucose inhibited and delayed the biodegradation of PNP. Chemical analysis results by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), UV-Vis spectroscopy and gas chromatography (GC) techniques suggested that PNP was converted to hydroquinone (HQ) and further degraded via 1,2,4-benzenetriol (1,2,4-BT) pathway.     

Sensitivity of green and blue-green algae to methyl tert-butyl ether

The toxicity of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) to Chlorella ellipsoidea and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was tested and assessed for a 15-d incubation with concentrations of MTBE from high (2.00×104 mg/L) to low (2 mg/L). The results showed that the toxicity was low when the concentration of MTBE was in the range 1.00×104-2.00×104 mg/L (the greatest inhibition of growth-rate was 70%-71%, occurred during the day 1-5). Low concentrations (2-500 mg/L) stimulated algal growth up to the greatest effect of 85%-200% w...     

表面活性剂Burkholderia xenovorans LB400体系对低氯代PCBs的好氧强化降解

增强多氯联苯(PCBs)的水溶性是强化PCBs微生物降解的主要控制因素之一,本研究选取了PCB5(2,3-CB)和PCB31(2,4’,5-CB)作为低氯代PCBs的典型代表,以曲拉通100(TX-100)、吐温80(Tween 80)、鼠李糖脂粗提物(RL crude)3种表面活性剂和β-环糊精(HPCD)联合Burkholderia xenovorans LB400构建PCBs好氧降解体系,测试了它们对PCB5和PCB31的溶出率及微生物生长的影响.结果表明,TX-100(CMC=194 mg·L-1)、Tween 80(CMC=13.1 mg·L-1)、RL crude(CMC=50mg·L-1)浓度在1~7 CMC时和HPCD浓度在500~1500 mg·L-1时对PCB5和PCB31溶出率分别达到54.7%~100%、59.8%~100%;10.5%~40.8%、6.8%~31.6%;10.3%~19.9%、3.3%~11.6%和19.5%~34.2%、4.2%~10.7%.TX-100浓度在1~7 CMC时对B.xenovorans LB400生长的抑制率达到30.3%~45.8%,而Tween 80浓度在0.1~1 CMC时对其生长的抑制率为10.0%~15.4%;RL crude本身能作为底物促进LB400的生长,而HPCD对其生长无明显影响.B.xenovorans LB400对PCB31(5 mg·L-1)的降解效率在添加表面活性剂后有不同程度的提高:TX-100,23.7%~65.5%;Tween80,14.6%~44.3%;RL crude,9.6%~27.2%;HPCD,15.3%~20.7%;而表面活性剂对PCB5(10 mg·L-1)的降解效率则无明显影响.表面活性剂主要通过增大溶液中PCBs-表面活性剂的胶束浓度来提高LB400对PCBs的降解效率,在水溶液培养体系中当设置TX-100和Tween 80浓度分别在1和7 CMC时,PCB31的降解效率达到100%和81.7%,而此时B.xenovorans LB400生长的抑制率为30.3%和5.4%.     

Composition, source, mass closure of PM2:5 aerosols for four forests in eastern China

PM2.5 aerosols were collected in forests along north latitude in boreal-temperate, temperate, subtropical and tropical climatic zones in eastern China, i.e., Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve (CB), Dongping National Forest Park in Chongming Island (CM), Dinghu Mountain Nature Reserve (DH), Jianfengling Nature Reserve in Hainan Island (HN). The mass concentrations of PM2.5, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) as well as concentrations of ten inorganic ions (F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, C2O42-, NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) were determined. Aerosol chemical mass closures were achieved. The 24-hr average concentrations of PM2.5 were 38.8, 89.2, 30.4, 18 μg/m3 at CB, CM, DH and HN, respectively. Organic matter and EC accounted for 21%-33% and 1.3%-2.3% of PM2.5 mass, respectively. The sum of three dominant secondary ions (SO42-, NO3-, NH4+) accounted for 44%, 50%, 45% and 16% of local PM2.5 mass at CB, CM, DH and HN, respectively. WSOC comprised 35%-65% of OC. The sources of PM2.5 include especially important regional anthropogenic pollutions at Chinese forest areas.     

Chemical composition, mass closure and sources of atmospheric PM10 from industrial sites in Shenzhen, China

Concentrations of atmospheric PM10 and chemical components (including twenty-one elements, nine ions, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC)) were measured at five sites in a heavily industrial region of Shenzhen, China in 2005. Results showed that PM10 concentrations exhibited the highest values at 264 μg/m3 at the site near a harbor with the influence of harbor activities. Sulfur exhibited the highest concentrations (from 2419 to 3995 ng/m3) of all the studied elements, which may be related to the influence of coal used as fuel in this area for industrial plants. This was verified by the high mass percentages of SO42-, which accounted for 34.3%-39.7% of the total ions. NO3-/SO42- ratios varied from 0.64-0.71, which implies coal combustion was predominant compared with vehicle emission. The anion/cation ratios range was close to 0.95, indicating anion deficiency in this region. The harbor site showed the highest OC and EC concentrations, with the influence of emission from vessels. Secondary organic carbon accounted for about 22.6%-38.7% of OC, with the highest percentage occurring at the site adjacent to a coal-fired power plant and wood plant. The mass closure model performed well in this heavily industrial region, with significant correlation obtained between chemically determined and gravimetrically measured PM10 mass. The main constituents of PM10 were found to be organic materials (30.9%-69.5%), followed by secondary inorganic aerosol (7.9%-25.0%), crustal materials (6.7%-13.8%), elemental carbon (3.5%-10.8%), sea salt (2.4%-6.2%) and trace elements (2.0%-4.9%) in this heavily industrialized region. Principal component analysis indicated that the main sources for particulate matter in this industrial region were crustal materials and coal/wood combustion, oil combustion, secondary aerosols, industrial processes and vehicle emission.     

A comparative investigation of NdSrCu1-xCoxO4-σ and Sm1:8Ce0:2Cu1-xCoxO4-σ(x: 0-0.4) for NO decomposition

A series of single-phase T-structured NdSrCu1??xCoxO4?? with oxygen vacancies and T0-structured Sm1:8Ce0:2Cu1??xCoxO4?? (x: 0–0.4) with oxygen excess were prepared using ultrasound-assisted citric acid complexing method, and characterized by means of techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis and NO temperature-programmed desorption (NO-TPD). The catalytic activities of these materials were evaluated for the decomposition of NO. It was found that the NdSrCu1??xCoxO4?? catalysts were of oxygen vacancies whereas the Sm1:8Ce0:2Cu1??xCoxO4?? ones possessed excessive oxygen (i.e., over-stoichiometric oxygen); with a rise in Co doping level, the oxygen vacancy density of NdSrCu1??xCoxO4?? decreased while the over-stoichiometric oxygen amount of Sm1:8Ce0:2Cu1??xCoxO4?? increased. The NO-TPD results revealed that NO could be activated much easier over the oxygen-deficient perovskite-like oxides than over the oxygen-excessive perovskite-like oxides, with the NdSrCuO3:702 catalyst showing the best e ciency in activating NO molecules. Under the conditions of 1.0% NO/helium, 2800 hr??1, and 600–900°C, the catalytic activity of NO decomposition followed the order of NdSrCuO3:702 > NdSrCu0:8Co0:2O3:736 > NdSrCu0:6Co0:4O3:789 > Sm1:8Ce0:2Cu0:6Co0:4O4:187 > Sm1:8Ce0:2Cu0:8Co0:2O4:104 > Sm1:8Ce0:2CuO4:045, in concord with the sequence of decreasing oxygen vacancy or oxygen excess density. Based on the results, we concluded that the higher oxygen vacancy density and the stronger Cu3+/Cu2+ redox ability of NdSrCu1??xCoxO4?? account for the easier activation of NO and consequently improve the catalytic activity of NO decomposition over the catalysts.     

Optimizing aerobic biodegradation of dichloromethane using response surface methodology

Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to evaluate the optimum aerobic biodegradation of dichloromethane (DCM) in pure culture. The parameters investigated include the initial DCM concentration, glucose as an inducer and hydrogen peroxide as terminal electron acceptor (TEA). Maximum aerobic biodegradation efficiency was predicted to occur when the initial DCM concentration was 380 mg/L, glucose 13.72 mg/L, and H2O2 115 mg/L. Under these conditions the aerobic biodegradation rate reached up to 93.18%, which was significantly higher than that obtained under original conditions. Without addition of glucose, degradation efficiencies were 6 80% at DCM concentrations < 326 mg/L. When concentrations of DCM were more than 480 mg/L, the addition of hydrogen peroxide did not help to significantly increase DCM degradation efficiency. When DCM concentrations increased from 240 to 480 mg/L, the overall DCM degradation efficiency decreased from 91% to 60% in the presence of H2O2 for 120 mg/L.     

Performance study and kinetic modeling of hybrid bioreactor for treatment of bi-substrate mixture of phenol-m-cresol in wastewater: Process optimization with response surface methodology

Performance of a hybrid reactor comprising of trickling filter(TF) and aeration tank(AT) unit was studied for biological treatment of wastewater containing mixture of phenol and m-cresol,using mixed microbial culture.The reactor was operated with hydraulic loading rates(HLR) and phenolics loading rates(PLR) between 0.222-1.078m3/(m2·day) and 0.900-3.456kg/(m3·day),respectively.The efficiency of substrate removal varied between 71%-100% for the range of HLR and PLR studied.The fixed film unit showed better substrate removal efficiency than the aeration tank and was more resistant to substrate inhibition.The kinetic parameters related to both units of the reactor were evaluated and their variation with HLR and PLR were monitored.It revealed the presence of substrate inhibition at high PLR both in TF and AT unit.The biofilm model established the substrate concentration profile within the film by solving differential equation of substrate mass transfer using boundary problem solver tool ’bvp4c’ of MATLAB 7.1 software.Response surface methodology was used to design and optimize the biodegradation process using Design Expert 8 software,where phenol and m-cresol concentrations,residence time were chosen as input variables and percentage of removal was the response.The design of experiment showed that a quadratic model could be fitted best for the present experimental study.Significant interaction of the residence time with the substrate concentrations was observed.The optimized condition for operating the reactor as predicted by the model was 230mg/L of phenol,190mg/L of m-cresol with residence time of 24.82 hr to achieve 99.92% substrate removal.     

Nitric oxide removal by wastewater bacteria in a biotrickling filter

Nitric oxide(NO) is one of the most important air pollutants in atmosphere mainly emitted from combustion source. A biotrickling filter was designed and operated to remove NO from an air stream using bacteria extracted from the sewage sludge of a municipal sewage treatment plant. To obtain the best operation conditions for the biotrickling filter, orthogonal experiments(L9(34)) were designed. Inlet oxygen concentration was found to be the most significant factor of the biotrickling filter and has a significant negative effect on the system. The optimal conditions of the biotrickling filter occurred at a temperature of 40℃, a pH of 8.0 and a chemical oxygen demand of 165 mg/L in the recycled water with no oxygen in the system. The bacteria sample was detected by DNA sequencing technology and showed 93%–98% similarity to Pseudomonas mendocina. Moreover, a full gene sequencing results indicated the bacterium was a brand new strain and named as P. mendocina DLHK. This strain can transfer nitrate to organic nitrogen. The result suggested the assimilation nitrogen process in this system. Through the isotope experimental analysis, two intermediate products(15NO and 15N2O) were found. The results indicated the denitrification function and capability of the biotrickling filter in removing NO.     

Removal of formaldehyde over MnxCe1-xO2 catalysts: Thermal catalytic oxidation versus ozone catalytic oxidation

MnxCe1- xO2（x： 0.3–0.9） prepared by Pechini method was used as a catalyst for the thermal catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde（HCHO）. At x = 0.3 and 0.5, most of the manganese was incorporated in the fluorite structure of Ce O2 to form a solid solution. The catalytic activity was best at x = 0.5, at which the temperature of 100% removal rate is the lowest（270°C）. The temperature for 100% removal of HCHO oxidation is reduced by approximately 40°C by loading 5 wt.% Cu Oxinto Mn0.5Ce0.5O2. With ozone catalytic oxidation, HCHO（61 ppm） in gas stream was completely oxidized by adding 506 ppm O3 over Mn0.5Ce0.5O2 catalyst with a GHSV（gas hourly space velocity） of 10,000 hr-1at 25°C. The effect of the molar ratio of O3 to HCHO was also investigated. As O3/HCHO ratio was increased from 3 to 8, the removal efficiency of HCHO was increased from 83.3% to 100%. With O3/HCHO ratio of 8, the mineralization efficiency of HCHO to CO2 was 86.1%. At 25°C, the p-type oxide semiconductor（Mn0.5Ce0.5O2） exhibited an excellent ozone decomposition efficiency of 99.2%,which significantly exceeded that of n-type oxide semiconductors such as Ti O2, which had a low ozone decomposition efficiency（9.81%）. At a GHSV of 10,000 hr-1, [O3]/[HCHO] = 3 and temperature of 25°C, a high HCHO removal efficiency（≥ 81.2%） was maintained throughout the durability test of 80 hr, indicating the long-term stability of the catalyst for HCHO removal.     

Conversion characteristics and mechanism analysis of gaseous dichloromethane degraded by a VUV light in different reaction media

The photodegradation of gaseous dichloromethane (DCM) by a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light in a spiral reactor was investigated with different reaction media and initial concentrations. Through the combination of direct photolysis, O₃ oxidation and HO. oxidation, DCM was ultimately mineralized into inorganic compounds (such as HCl, CO₂, H₂O, etc.) in the air with relative humidity (RH) of 75%-85%. During the photodegradation process, some small organic acids (including formic acid, acetic acid) were also detected and the intermediates were more soluble than DCM, providing a possibility for its combination with subsequent biodegradation. Based on the detected intermediates and the confirmed radicals, a photodegradation pathway of DCM by VUV was proposed. With RH 75%-80% air as the reaction medium, the DCM removal followed the second-order kinetic model at inlet concentration of 100-1000 mg/m³. Kinetic analysis showed that the reaction media affected the kinetic constants of DCM conversion by a large extent, and RH 80% air could cause a much lower half-life for its conversion. Such results supported the possibility that VUV photodegradation could be used not only for the mineralization of DCM but also as a pretreatment before biodegradation.     

固定化Lysinibacilluscresolivorans的PVA-SA-PHB-AC复合载体制备及间甲酚的降解

针对生物降解过程容易受到外界不利环境影响及低浓度下动力学效率不高的问题,制备了具有吸附功能的微生物固定化载体并研究了对间甲酚的降解.在聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)固定化载体中加入海藻酸钠(sodium alginate,SA)、聚羟基丁酸酯(poly-3-hydroxybutyrate,PHB)和粉末活性炭(activated carbon,AC),采用循环冷冻-解冻结合硼酸法制备了具吸附功能的PVA-SA-PHB-AC复合载体,并用其包埋固定化1株间甲酚优势降解菌Lysinibacillus cresolivorans,考察了载体微观结构、稳定性及扩散性对固定化微生物降解间甲酚的影响.结果表明,PVA-SA-PHB-AC载体比表面积和平均孔径分别为15.30m2.g-1和33.68 nm,对间甲酚的吸附容量和扩散系数分别为3.86 mg.g-1和5.62×10-8m2.min-1,可稳定使用60 d以上;固定化L.cresolivorans的间甲酚去除为吸附-降解的耦合,去除速率由载体传质速率与微生物降解速率共同决定,间甲酚浓度低于350 mg.L-1时,载体传质速率小于微生物降解速率,间甲酚去除速率由传质速率决定,浓度高于380 mg.L-1时相反;添加了吸附剂的载体扩散系数会减小,但能耐受更高的底物浓度,且在更宽的浓度范围可以实现高效的降解作用.间甲酚的降解规律及其差异性显示出经吸附功能改性的载体因传质作用的加强而实现反应动力学的提高,并且存在一个合理的浓度区间.     

BF和BTF工艺去除DCM性能比较

分别以营养型缓释填料的生物过滤塔(BF)和聚氨酯小球为填料的生物滴滤塔(BTF)去除二氯甲烷(DCM)模拟废气.结果表明,采用"专属菌+综合菌"挂膜方式,BTF和BF分别在25 d和22 d内完成快速挂膜.扫描电镜结果表明,BF填料表面的菌落结构较为疏松、生物膜较薄,BTF填料表面的菌落结构致密、生物膜较厚.在DCM进口浓度100~1 500 mg·m-3、停留时间25~85 s条件下,BTF和BF对DCM均有较好的去除效果,最大去除负荷分别为22.61 g·(m3·h)-1和29.05g·(m3·h)-1.滤塔中CO2生产量与DCM降解量呈线性关系,经拟合得出BTF和BF的矿化率分别为70.4%和66.8%,且BTF矿化程度好于BF,表明滤塔内减少的DCM主要是被微生物利用降解.滤塔内DCM的降解动力学行为符合Michaelis-Menten模型,BTF和BF单位体积最大降解速率r max分别为22.779 0 g·(m3·h)-1和28.571 4 g·(m3·h)-1,气相饱和常数K s分别为0.141 2 g·m-3和0.148 6 g·m-3.     

Cloning and expression of the first gene for biodegrading microcystin LR by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are a growing environmental problem worldwide in natural waters, the biodegradation is found to be the most efficient method for removing microcystins (MCs) produced by harmful cyanobacteria. Based on the isolation of a promising bacterial strain of Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05 for biodegrading MCs, we for the first time cloned and expressed a gene USTB-05-A (HM245411) that is responsible for the first step in the biodegradation of microcystin LR (MC-LR) in E. coli DH5αup, with a cloning vector of pGEM-T easy and an expression vector of pGEX-4T-1, respectively. The cell-free extracts (CE) of recombinant E. coli DH5αup containing USTB-05-A had high activity for biodegrading MC-LR. The initial MC-LR concentration of 40 mg/L was completely biodegraded within 1 hr in the presence of CE with a protein concentration of 0.35 mg/mL. Based on an analysis of the liquid chromatogram-mass spectrum (LC-MS), the enzyme encoded by gene USTB-05-A was found to be active in cleaving the target peptide bond between 3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6, 8-trimethyl-10-phenyl-deca-4,6-dienoic acid (Adda) and arginine of MC-LR, and converting cyclic MC-LR to linear MC-LR as a first product that is much less toxic than parent MC-LR, which offered direct evidence for the first step on the pathway of MC-LR biodegradation by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05.     

Biodegradation of p-cresol by aerobic granules in sequencing batch reactor

The cultivation of aerobic granules in sequencing batch reactor for the biodegradation of p-cresol was studied. The reactor was started with 100 mg/L of p-cresol. Aerobic granules first appeared within one month of start up. The granules were large and strong and had a compact structure. The diameter of stable granules was in the range of 1-5 mm. The integrity coefficient and granules density was found to be 96% and 1046 kg/m³, respectively. The settling velocity of granules was found to be in the range of 2× 10^-2-6× 10^-2 m/sec. The aerobic granules were able to degrade p-cresol upto 800 mg/L at a removal efficiency of 88%. Specific p-cresol degradation rate in aerobic granules followed Haldane model for substrate inhibition. High specific p-cresol degradation rate up to 0.96 g p-cresol/(g VSS. day) were sustained upto p-cresol concentration of 400 mg/L. Higher removal efficiency, good settling characteristics of aerobic granules, makes sequencing batch reactor suitable for enhancing the microorganism potential for biodegradation of inhibitory compounds.     

Photodegradation of new herbicide HW-02 in organic solvents

HW-02 is a new organophosphates herbicide which is discovered and developed in China. The kinetics and mechanism of HW- 02 photodegradation in the organic solvents were studied at 25°C under the irradiation of ultraviolet light. The results showed that photochemical reaction of HW-02 in organic solvents such as n-hexane, methanol, dimethyl benzene and acetone under UV light could be well described by the first kinetic equation, and the photodegradation efficiency decreased with a order of n-hexane methanol xylene acetone. The photodegradation efficiency constant of HW-02 in n-hexane, methanol, xylene and acetone were 4.951 × 10 2 , 3.253 × 10 2 , 2.377 × 10 2 and 1.628 × 10 2 min 1 , and the corresponding half-lives were 13.99, 21.20, 29.15 and 42.56 min, respectively. By separation and identification of photoproducts using GC-MS, it could be concluded that HW-02 was photolyzed through ester cleavage, photo-dechlorination and photoisomerization of the molecule itself.     

聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钠-活性炭固定化菌球处理二氯甲烷的研究

本研究以聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钠-活性炭为复合载体、自行筛选的高效降解菌Methylobacterium rhodesianum H13为目标菌制备固定化小球,用于去除二氯甲烷,同时优化了固定化小球的制备条件.结果表明,当聚乙烯醇浓度为8%,海藻酸钠浓度为5%,CaCl₂浓度为2%,活性炭浓度为1%,包菌量为0.6 g,钙化时间为8 h时,复合固定化细胞对DCM的降解速率达到最高为18.2 mg·L^-1·h^-1,同时活性炭的添加对小球的机械强度也有显著提升.与游离细胞相比,固定化细胞具有更好的热稳定性与pH稳定性,并且固定化细胞的重复利用性较好,连续处理9批底物后,DCM降解速率仍保持在13.4 mg·L^-1·h^-1以上.吸附动力学与等温线拟合结果显示,在固定化载体中加入1%活性炭后,小球对DCM的吸附量明显提高,而且吸附能在更短的时间内达到平衡.吸附动力学符合准二级反应动力学方程,复合载体对DCM的吸附遵循Langmuir吸附模型（R²>0.99）.