Benzene, toluene and xylenes levels in new and used vehicles of the same model

The aim of this work was to determine the level of benzene, toluene, o-xylene and m, p-xylene （BTX） in air samples collected from the cabins of new and used vehicles of the same model. Ten new vehicles were examined in order to check interior emission from materials used to equip the passenger compartment. In order to compare and define the impact of exhaust gases, air samples were also collected from two used cars, at different mileages （up to 20,000 kin）. All vehicles tested were of the same type. Samples were collected onto Carbograph 1TD sorbent, thermally desorbed and examined with the use of gas chromatography with flame ionisation and mass spectrometry detectors. All results obtained were referred to Polish and German requirements for indoor air quality （both in public buildings and in workspace environments）. Average benzene, toluene, o-xylene and m, p-xylene concentrations in new cars were determined at the level of 11.8 μg/m^3, 82.7 μg/m^3, 21.2 μg/m^3 and 89.5 μg/m^3, respectively. In the used cars, BTX concentration increased with increasing vehicle mileage. The most significant increase of BTX concentration was observed above 11,000 km mileage.     

BTEX pollution caused by motorcycles in the megacity of HoChiMinh

Monitoring of benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTEX) was conducted along with traffic counts at 17 roadside sites in urban areas of HoChiMinh. Toluene was the most abundant substance, followed by p,m-xylenes, benzene, o-xylene and ethylbenzene. The maximum observed hour-average benzene concentration was 254 μg/m3 . Motorcycles contributed to 91% of the traffic fleet. High correlations among BTEX species, between BTEX concentrations and the volume of on-road motorcycles, and between inter-species ratios in air and in gasoline indicate the motorcycle-exhaust origin of BTEX species. Daily concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p,m-xylenes and o-xylene were 56, 121, 21, 64 and 23 μg/m 3 , respectively. p,m-xylenes possess the highest ozone formation potential among the BTEX family.     

轿车内苯系物的健康风险评价

为分析车内苯系物污染对不同性别驾乘人员的致癌风险和非致癌风险,对65辆轿车内空气中ρ(苯)、ρ(甲苯)、ρ(乙苯)和ρ(二甲苯)进行评价;提出车内苯的基本致癌风险浓度与危险致癌风险浓度概念及其计算公式,并与国内外相关标准中苯系物浓度标准限值进行对比分析. 结果表明:65辆轿车内空气中苯系物H_fz(综合非致癌指数)的最大值为0.44,低于US EPA(美国国家环境保护局)规定的非致癌风险基本值(1),对乘客与司机均不存在非致癌风险;但苯对司机H_za(致癌指数)的平均值为129.3×10-6,致癌风险较高;苯对男性乘客、女性乘客、男性司机与女性司机的C_wx(危险致癌风险浓度)分别为450.0、470.0、67.5和70.4 μg/m3. GB/T 27630—2011《乘用车内空气质量评价指南》中苯浓度标准限值对司机H_za的平均值为1.59×10-4,大于US EPA规定的苯致癌风险危险值(1×10-4),构成致癌危害;苯系物浓度标准限值对司机H_fz的平均值为1.15,构成非致癌危害. 轿车内空气中ρ(苯)、ρ(甲苯)、ρ(乙苯)和ρ(二甲苯)的合理限值分别为0.068、1.000、1.350和1.350 mg/m3.      

A review of atmospheric benzene homologues in China: Characterization, health risk assessment, source identification and countermeasures

Benzene homologues are important chemical precursors to the formation of ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the atmosphere, in addition, some toxic species are harmful to human health. Strict countermeasures have been taken to fight air pollution since 2013, and total amount control of volatile organic compounds is being promoted in China at present. Therefore, it is important to understand the pollution situation and the control status of ambient benzene homologues in China. This paper reviews research progress from published papers on pollution characteristics, atmospheric photochemical reactivity, health risk assessment and source identification of ambient benzene homologues in recent years in China, and also summarizes policies and countermeasures for the control of ambient benzene homologues and the relevant achievements. The total ambient levels of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) shows a declining tendency from 2001 to 2016 in China. The mass concentrations of BTEX are generally higher in southern regions than in northern regions, and they present vertical decreasing variation characteristics with increasing altitude within the height range of about 5500 m. Toluene has the highest ozone formation potential and SOA formation potential both in urban areas and background areas, while benzene poses an obvious carcinogenic risk to the exposed adult populations in urban areas. Source identification of ambient benzene homologues suggested that local governments should adopt differentiated control strategies for ambient benzene homologues. Several recommendations are put forward for future research and policy-making on the control of ambient benzene homologues in China.     

北京城乡结合地空气中挥发性有机物健康风险评价

采用低温固体吸附采样,热脱附-气相色谱-质谱方法对北京城乡结合地空气中挥发性有机物（VOCs）进行了观测分析,并利用国际公认的健康风险评价四步法评价模型,对北京城乡结合地空气中挥发性有机物的健康风险进行了初步评价.结果表明,芳香族类的非致癌风险值在10-4～10-1数量级,卤代烃的非致癌风险值在10-4～10-5数量级,挥发性有机污染物的非致癌风险系数〈1,不会对暴露人群健康造成明显的非致癌危害.但苯的致癌指数较高（2.21×10-5）,超过了USEPA的建议值（1×10-6）,可能对人体健康造成潜在危害.在一年四季的健康风险中,冬季VOCs的健康风险最高,秋季次之,夏季最低.     

电子产品加工制造企业挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放特征

根据美国EPA挥发性有机物标准检测法TO-11及TO-14/15,采用VOCs快速检测仪、Summa罐及DNPH吸附管,对我国某大型电子产品加工制造企业中不同工艺环节生产车间内部及生产线最终废气排放管道中VOCs含量水平及组分特征进行检测.结果表明,该企业涉及VOCs排放工艺中压铸车间总挥发性有机物(TVOCs)浓度为0.1~0.5 mg·m-3、机加工车间TVOCs浓度为1.5~2.5 mg·m-3、喷涂车间中TVOCs浓度为20~200 mg·m-3,各车间VOCs组分主要包括烷类、烯炔类、芳香类、酮类、酯类和醚类,共20余种.其中涂装车间内苯系物及酮类物质为主要VOCs组分,各物质浓度分别为苯0.02~0.34 mg·m-3、甲苯0.24~3.35 mg·m-3、乙苯0.04~1.33 mg·m-3、对二甲苯0.13~0.96 mg·m-3、邻/间二甲苯0.02~1.18mg·m-3、丙酮0.29~15.77 mg·m-3、2-丁酮0.06~22.88 mg·m-3、环己酮0.02~25.79 mg·m-3、甲基异丁基甲酮0~21.29mg·m-3.根据该企业生产特征及工艺数据计算,其单条生产线VOCs年排放量为14 t,整个厂区年排放量约为840 t.结合生产流程及生产工艺分析,喷涂过程中的溶剂使用是电子产品加工制造企业的VOCs主要排放来源,废气排放口是重点排放点.     

我国典型城市环境大气挥发性有机物特征比值

城市环境大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)比值能够提供有用信息.基于在我国典型城市进行的7次VOCs观测数据,利用正交最小二乘法(ODR)、线性拟合法等4种方法计算了VOCs组分比值,并探讨其在监测数据质量评估、来源诊断和光化学过程研究中的应用.结果显示:间,对-二甲苯与邻-二甲苯浓度在7次观测中均呈现非常好的相关性(r为0.975~0.997),且不同观测中比值接近(2.78~3.05),这一比值可以用来对城市大气VOCs(尤其是芳香烃)测量数据的可靠性进行评估.以甲苯/苯(T/B)和丙烷/乙烷(P/E)为例初步分析了我国不同城市大气VOCs来源的差异.上海和广州T/B最高,分别为2.37和1.78,高于隧道实验中T/B比值(1.52),说明还受到溶剂涂料等富含甲苯的排放源影响,北京夏季T/B与隧道实验接近,而成都、北京冬季和重庆T/B较低(0.744~1.36),说明受到生物质燃烧、煤燃烧等其他富含苯的排放源影响.P/E分析结果显示,广州P/E(1.27)显著高于其他数据集(0.270~0.645),与2010年广州部分公交车和出租车仍利用液化石油气(LPG)作为燃料有关.另外,基于邻-二甲苯/乙苯变化特征表征光化学反应程度,并初步估算出典型城市大气上午·OH暴露量为(2.70~4.45)×10~(10)molecule·cm~(-3)·s.     

印刷电路板(PCB)厂挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放指示物筛选

采用VOCs快速测定仪和SUMMA罐采样、GC/MS分析方法,采样分析了上海某工业区3个印刷电路板厂生产车间和废气排放口的VOCs含量水平、组成特征和源成分谱.结果表明,在9月和12月2次采样期间,A、B、H厂生产车间总挥发性有机物(TVOCs)(9月/12月)最高浓度分别为(2.94/2.01)×10-9、(3.18/1.11)×10-6、(0.70/0.18)×10-9;废气排放口TVOCs最高浓度则分别为(0.86/0.90)×10-9、(31.2/12.0)×10-6、(1.24/0.30)×10-9.GC/MS分析结果表明,主要检出了烷烃、烯烃、苯系物、酮类、氯代烷烃、氯代苯类、酯类等7大类共67种VOCs化合物;A、B、H厂生产车间/废气排放口最高检出物和检出浓度分别为:2-丁酮6.73 mg.m-3/2-甲基己烷5.93 mg.m-3、乙酸乙酯8.90 mg.m-3/丙烷9.64 mg.m-3、丙烷2.04 mg.m-3/丙烷1.69 mg.m-3.苯、甲苯、二甲苯检出率均为100%,三厂各点位最高检出浓度/平均浓度分别为0.077 mg.m-3/0.035 mg.m-3、0.56 mg.m-3/0.31 mg.m-3、0.21 mg.m-3/0.12 mg.m-3(间+对-二甲苯)和0.081 mg.m-3/0.050 mg.m-3(邻-二甲苯).源成分谱和PCA分析结果表明,A、B厂的VOCs特征轮廓图谱较相似,特征化合物为苯、甲苯、二甲苯以及丙酮和2-丁酮;H厂主要特征污染物除三苯外,还有氯苯和氯代烷烃类化合物.结合原辅材料及生产工艺分析,溶剂、涂料使用和工艺过程的逸散是生产车间面源VOCs排放的主要来源,废气排放口是VOCs重点排放点源.     

北京城郊燃煤汞排放及其对当地空气环境的影响

为了解生活用煤汞含量水平,分析生活燃煤给当地环境空气中ρ(Hg)带来的影响,使用Lumex RA915+/M测汞仪,现场在线监测了北京市大兴区46户居民家庭燃煤炉口上方空气和村庄环境空气中的ρ(Hg),并对民用蜂窝煤及煤渣样品中的w(Hg)进行了实验室分析. 结果表明:燃煤炉口上方25 cm处空气中ρ(Hg)为20.4~4 583.5 ng/m3,平均值为823.9 ng/m3(n=46);村庄环境空气中ρ(Hg)为5~13 ng/m3,高于当地背景值(1~3 ng/m3);民用蜂窝煤样品中w(Hg)的平均值为326.6 ng/g(n=46),显著高于我国工业原煤中w(Hg)平均值(约150 ng/g);生活燃煤汞排放率达到99.76%,高于电厂等工业燃煤汞排放率. 鉴于生活用煤多为富汞的劣质煤,其w(Hg)及汞排放率远高于工业用煤,并且室内空气污染对人体健康的危害更为直接,因此,生活燃煤造成的汞污染问题应得到更大的重视.      

长沙市环境空气中BTEX的污染特征及健康风险

BTEX(苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯等)是对空气质量和人体健康具有重要影响的挥发性有机物.为研究长沙市城市大气BTEX污染特征,选择2个典型城市站点(采样点S和W)于2017年8月进行了连续采样分析.结果显示:2个采样点BTEX平均浓度分别为(9.84±5.44),(6.35±4.68)μg/m3;其中间/对-二甲苯是占比...     

苯系化合物在硝酸盐还原条件下的生物降解性能

运用驯化的反硝化混合菌群进行了苯系化合物(BTEX)的厌氧降解试验.结果表明,混合菌群能够在反硝化条件下有效降解苯、甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯和对二甲苯.BTEX的降解规律符合底物抑制的Monod模型,当初始浓度小于50mg·L^-1时,6种受试基质的厌氧降解速率顺序为:甲苯>乙苯>间二甲苯>邻二甲苯>对二甲苯>苯.整个试验过程中NO₃^-的消耗与苯、甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯及对二甲苯生物降解之间的摩尔比分别为:9.47,9.26,1     

贵屿某电子垃圾拆解点附近大气颗粒物中氯代/溴代二噁英、四溴双酚A污染水平研究

对贵屿某电子垃圾拆解点附近大气颗粒物中氯代二英(PCDD/Fs)、溴代二英(PBDD/Fs)、四溴双酚A(TBBPA)含量水平进行了调查研究.结果显示,大气颗粒物中17种2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs和8种2,3,7,8-PBDD/Fs的浓度范围分别为126.54～524.78pg·m-3和376.42～566.76pg·m-3;平均毒性当量(TEQ)分别为16.29pg·m-3、91.28pg·m-3,均高出目前所报道的国内外其它部分城市大气污染水平1～4个数量级,且PBDD/Fs的污染水平远远高于PCDD/Fs.四氯至八氯代PCDD/Fs同系物呈现出明显且特别的分布规律,PCDDs和PCDFs浓度均随着氯原子取代程度增加而降低.TBBPA的浓度范围为66.01～95.04ng·m-3,大气中PBDD/Fs浓度与之显著相关r=0.69.初步的暴露风险评价表明,当地居民每日通过呼吸摄入的二英含量远远超过了世界卫生组织(WHO)规定的人体每日耐受量(TDI)1～4pg(W-TEQ)·kg-·1d-1.     

北京某小学室内外VOC浓度及有毒害物种识别

采用美国EPA推荐的TO14/15方法定量分析了北京市某小学室内外夏季观测的空气样品,得到82种挥发性有机物（VOCs）的浓度水平及组成特征,对其中可能危害儿童健康的有毒有害物质进行了识别.结果表明,室内总VOCs浓度高于室外,烷烃是含量最丰富物种,平均占室内外空气中定量VOCs总浓度的32.8%.室内外VOCs组成相似,异戊烷、苯、甲苯、丙醛、丙烯和二氯甲烷为浓度优势物种,受到室外源的影响较大,室内的对二氯苯、环己烷及间二氯苯较为特征,前2种物质室内/室外浓度比例平均值分别为65.8和10.5,间二氯苯室内平均浓度为2.02×10^-9（体积分数）,而室外浓度低于检测限,这3种物质可能来自室内源. 1, 3-丁二烯、氯乙烯、苯和氯甲烷4种物质在学校室内、室外及儿童家中都超过1×10^-6的癌症风险值,平均风险值分别为1.3×10^-5、 6.4×10^-6、 5.1×10^-6和3.3×10^-6,小学室外、室内及儿童家中的累积癌症风险超过1×10^-6的癌症风险值24～39倍.丙烯醛未确认具有致癌性,但具有毒有害性,在室内外及儿童家中超过基准浓度13～72倍.     

某焦化厂周边大气PM10重金属来源及健康风险评价

为了解焦化厂周边大气PM10中重金属的来源及健康风险,于2012年6月采集了某焦化厂周边的PM10.使用微波消解-ICP-MS方法进行重金属含量的检测,并采用美国EPA人体暴露风险评价模型对大气颗粒物重金属进行人群健康风险的初步评价.结果表明,焦化厂周边PM10中10种重金属元素的浓度变化范围较大,在3.06×10-5~1.77×10-2mg·m-3之间,其中Cr的浓度最高,Co的浓度最低,致癌物质的浓度高于非致癌物质的浓度.焦化厂是其周边大气PM10重金属的主要来源,Ni是其主要的污染重金属.健康风险评价结果显示,成人的致癌风险比儿童大,工业区和学校存在较大致癌风险.而儿童的非致癌风险是最大的,居住区的非致癌风险不容忽视.致癌物质中Cd、Cr和As存在较大的潜在致癌风险,Ni和Co存在一定的潜在风险,非致癌物质中Mn的非致癌风险很大,应引起相关部门的重视.     

Seasonal variation and source apportionment of organic and inorganic compounds in PM2.5 and PM10 particulates in Beijing, China

The distribution and source of the solvent-extractable organic and inorganic components in PM 2.5(aerodynamics equivalent diameter below 2.5 microns),and PM 10(aerodynamics equivalent diameter below 10 microns) fractions of airborne particles were studied weekly from September 2006 to August 2007 in Beijing.The extracted organic and inorganic compounds identified in both particle size ranges consisted of n-alkanes,PAHs(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons),fatty acids and water soluble ions.The potential emission sources of these organic compounds were reconciled by combining the values of n-alkane carbon preference index(CPI),%waxC n,selected diagnostic ratios of PAHs and principal component analysis in both size ranges.The mean cumulative concentrations of n-alkanes reached 1128.65ng/m3 in Beijing,74% of which(i.e.,831.7ng/m3) was in the PM 2.5 fraction,PAHs reached 136.45ng/m3(113.44ng/m3 or 83% in PM 2.5),and fatty acids reached 436.99ng/m3(324.41ng/m3 or 74% in PM 2.5),which resulted in overall enrichment in the fine particles.The average concentrations of SO42-,NO3-,and NH4+ were 21.3±15.2,6.1±1.8,12.5±6.1μg/m3 in PM 2.5,and 25.8±15.5,8.9±2.6,16.9±9.5μg/m3 in PM 10,respectively.These three secondary ions primarily existed as ammonium sulfate((NH4)2SO4),ammonium bisulfate(NH4HSO4) and ammonium nitrate(NH4NO3).The characteristic ratios of PAHs revealed that the primary sources of PAHs were coal combustion,followed by gasoline combustion.The ratios of stearic/palmitic acid indicated the major contribution of vehicle emissions to fatty acids in airborne particles.The major alkane sources were biogenic sources and fossil fuel combustion.The major sources of PAHs were vehicular emission and coal combustion.     

突发性苯污染饮用水的健康风险评价

突发性环境污染事件由于具有污染物浓度高、不易察觉、常规处理难度大等特点,因此环境健康风险较高. 以饮用水受到突发性苯污染为例,模拟研究了苯随着自来水进入居民家庭后,分别通过饮用、皮肤接触和呼吸等暴露途径对人体造成的健康风险. 结果表明,3种暴露途径下,皮肤接触暴露的健康风险最高,当自来水中ρ(苯)为300.00和10.00 μg/L时,健康风险分别为4.09×10-3和1.19×10-4. 饮用暴露的健康风险最低,当自来水中ρ(苯)为300.00和10.00 μg/L时,健康风险最大值为4.61×10-6,最小值趋近于0,这主要是由于苯极易挥发,而我国居民饮用煮沸后的开水,开水中苯的残留量较低. 经过3种暴露途径进入人体的苯的日均综合暴露健康风险最大值为4.33×10-3,最小值为1.26×10-4,超过了US EPA(美国国家环境保护局)人体健康风险建议最大值(1×10-4).      

Population risk assessment of ambient benzene and evaluation of benzene regulation in gasoline in Japan

The aggregate population cancer risk due to ambient benzene was evaluated for the entire Japanese population. This was done using data of ambient NO_x levels measured at as many as 2000 air pollution monitoring stations nationwide and the regression equation between the levels of benzene and NO_x obtained by continuous monitoring. The population-weighted exposure levels for the roadside population and general-environment population were calculated to be 2.1 ppb and 1.0 ppb, respectively. Eighty-four percent of the entire population was exposed to a lifetime cancer risk level of 1᎒^-5 or greater, and the annual number of cancer deaths was estimated to be 29.6 cases at the 1997 benzene level. Due to the regulation which established the upper limit of benzene content in gasoline to be 1 vol. % by January 2000, the total emission of benzene was estimated to be reduced by 27%, compared to 1993. The annual number of cancer deaths was expected to be reduced by 8.8 cases through the regulation of benzene in gasoline. Japanese petroleum companies have estimated the annual cost of the reduction of the benzene content in gasoline to be 25.6 billion yen. The cost per life saved by the regulation of benzene in gasoline is estimated to be 2.9 billion yen. The method implemented in this study to predict population risk is useful for identifying potential risk management options and evaluating their effectiveness before making decisions.     

沈阳市郊区环境空气中醛酮类化合物的污染特征与来源分析

为探究沈阳市郊区环境空气中醛酮类化合物的污染特征,于2017年8月24日—9月2日采用2,4-二硝基苯肼固相吸附/高效液相色谱方法对沈阳市郊区醛酮类化合物进行观测分析,利用美国环境保护局推荐的人体健康风险评价方法对部分有毒有害醛酮类化合物的人体健康风险进行了评价,并利用比值法对醛酮类化合物的来源进行了初步分析.结果表明:醛酮类化合物质量浓度日均值范围为23.16~38.38 μg/m3;质量浓度最高的4种醛酮类化合物依次是丙酮、甲醛、正丁醛和乙醛,其质量浓度日均值的平均值分别为8.71、5.90、5.48和2.95 μg/m3.对·OH消耗速率(L_OH)贡献较大的醛酮类化合物物种是正丁醛、甲醛和乙醛,臭氧生成潜势贡献(OFP)较大的醛酮类化合物物种是甲醛、正丁醛和乙醛,在研究区影响醛酮类化合物光化学反应活性的物种主要是甲醛、乙醛和正丁醛.研究区观测期间,环境空气中甲醛和乙醛的致癌性风险值分别为1.18×10-5和5.91×10-6,对暴露人群存在潜在的致癌风险;乙醛的非致癌风险值为0.05,对暴露人群不存在非致癌风险.在研究区的一次臭氧轻度污染过程期间,环境空气中的甲醛和乙醛受天然源排放的挥发性有机物二次转化的影响减弱,甲醛、乙醛和丙酮受到炼焦工业和机动车等人为源排放的影响增强,而正丁醛主要受当地精细化工产业排放的影响.研究显示,沈阳市应加大对炼焦工业、精细化工和机动车来源排放醛酮类化合物的管制,以降低环境空气中活性醛酮类化合物及有毒有害醛酮类化合物的浓度.      

扬州市PM2.5中重金属来源及潜在健康风险评估

本研究利用正定矩阵因子分解模型(PMF)-健康风险评价模型(HMHR)探究了扬州市细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))中重金属污染来源及不同污染源对重金属潜在健康风险值的贡献.结果表明,各重金属全年浓度均值为Pb(64. 4 ng·m~(-3)) Cr(25. 24ng·m~(-3)) As(6. 36 ng·m~(-3)) Ni(5. 36 ng·m~(-3)) Cd(3. 34 ng·m~(-3)) Co(1. 21 ng·m~(-3));各污染源对PM_(2.5)贡献分别为二次源(37. 7%)燃煤源(19. 4%)扬尘(17. 5%)机动车(16. 9%)建筑尘(5. 2%)工业源(3. 4%). As主要源于燃煤、机动车和扬尘; Co主要源于工业源;燃煤源对Pb的浓度贡献较高;工业源对Ni、Cd含量的贡献最高.不同污染源的健康风险依次为扬尘源、燃煤源、机动车、工业源、建筑尘.扬尘源和燃煤源的潜在健康风险较其他污染源为高,与其源谱中重金属元素占比较大且对PM_(2.5)贡献浓度较高有关.     

厦门冬春季大气VOCs的污染特征及臭氧生成潜势

2014年1~4月在厦门市城区和郊区开展冬春季节大气样品的采集,采用大气预浓缩系统与GC/MS联用技术定量了48种大气挥发性有机物(VOCs),对比分析了冬春季城区和郊区大气VOCs的污染特征,并利用最大增量反应活性(MIR)估算了大气VOCs的臭氧生成潜势(OFP).结果表明,冬季厦门城区和郊区大气中VOCs的平均体积分数分别为11.13×10-9和7.17×10-9,春季厦门城区和郊区大气中VOCs的平均体积分数分别为24.88×10-9和11.27×10-9,且均表现为烷烃芳香烃烯烃.通过B/T值探讨城区和郊区VOCs的来源发现,机动车和溶剂挥发是城区VOCs的主要来源,郊区VOCs除了局地源的贡献外,还受到外来污染物扩散传输的影响.城、郊区的主要VOCs包括丙烯、正丁烷、异丁烷、正戊烷、异戊烷、正己烷、苯、甲苯、乙苯和间对二甲苯,这10种组分对两地VOCs的贡献表现为春季(城区和郊区分别为62.83%和53.74%)高于冬季(城区和郊区分别为61.57%和45.83%).城、郊区VOCs的臭氧生成潜势分析显示,芳香烃的相对贡献率最大,其次是烯烃,烷烃最小.C3、C4类烯烃和苯系物是厦门城区和郊区活性较高的物种,对臭氧的贡献较大.比较观测期间城区和郊区VOCs的平均MIR值可知,郊区VOCs的活性高于城区.