人造沸石的载铁改性及除去水中氟的性能

以人造沸石为载体,采用盐酸浸泡活化和氯化铁溶液浸泡改性的方法制备除氟吸附剂,用模拟高氟水样进行静态吸附及动态过柱实验.动力学研究结果表明:吸附剂吸附速度快,40 min接近吸附平衡,吸附速率可用拟二级动力学方程描述.吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,饱和吸附量为9.83 mg/g,吸附平衡常数为0.030 2 L/m...     

改性沸石/羟基氧化铁复合材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

以改性沸石/羟基氧化铁复合材料作为吸附剂,通过静态吸附实验,研究了不同因素影响下复合材料对废水中亚甲基蓝的吸附性能.研究结果表明:改性沸石/羟基氧化铁复合材料对亚甲基蓝有很好的去除效果,当废水pH值为13.0,吸附平衡时间为20min时,向电解质(NaNO3)浓度为0.01mol/L的含亚甲基蓝50mg/L的废水中投加5g/L改性沸石/羟基氧化铁复合材料,亚甲基蓝去除率达到94.65％.Langmuir型方程比Freundlich型方程对等温吸附实验数据拟合效果更好,D-R方程分析表明,该吸附以物理吸附为主.分别用拟一级、拟二级动力学方程和颗粒内扩散模型对吸附动力学过程进行拟合.结果表明,拟二级动力学方程对实验数据拟合效果较好,扩散过程以膜扩散为主.     

SDBS改性活性炭对水中环丙沙星的吸附研究

本文以活性炭为吸附剂,以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为改性剂,通过正交试验确定了活性炭的最佳改性条件,并且通过静态吸附试验研究了改性活性炭对水中环丙沙星的吸附作用,并通过BET,XRD对SDBS改性活性炭进行了表征。结果表明:最优改性条件为SDBS浓度2 g/L,浸泡时间为4 h,固液比为1∶10。改性活性炭对水中环丙沙星的吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学方程,其吸附行为可用Langmuir吸附等温线来描述,即为单分子层吸附。改性活性炭的最大吸附容量为27.1 mg/g,较改性前提高了48%,改性过后能更快的达到吸附平衡。并且改性过后的活性炭表面积变小,孔径变大,但是其晶格结构并未改变。     

离子交换树脂静态吸附二甲胺的研究

通过静态吸附实验,研究了二甲胺在ZGSPC106型细颗粒树脂上的吸附行为,从热力学和动力学角度对吸附过程进行了分析,并用红外光谱的方法探讨了树脂吸附二甲胺的机理.结果表明,Langmuir等温方程能够很好的拟合吸附平衡数据,热力学参数表明该吸附可自发进行,且为熵增加的吸热过程,293K温度下树脂的静态饱和吸附容量为138.89mg/g(干树脂);吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,颗粒扩散是树脂吸附二甲胺速率的主要控制步骤.     

氟羟基磷灰石的制备及对重金属离子吸附研究

采用动态水热法制备出了含氟硅酸钙粉体。磷酸盐改性后得到含氟羟基磷灰石(FHAs)吸附材料。采用SEM、BET等手段对吸附材料的形貌和比表面积进行了表征;通过静态吸附实验探究了溶液pH、初始离子浓度、温度和吸附时间等因素对材料吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程;氟羟基磷灰石对污水中Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)重金属离子具有高效的吸附能力,吸附量分别可达112.5 mg/g和95.3 mg/g,重金属离子去除率均高达99.6%。     

铜离子和孔雀绿在磷酸酯化改性豆壳上的吸附行为

报道了一种功能基为磷酸羟基的酯化豆壳阳离子吸附剂的固相制备技术,研究了铜离子和孔雀绿在改性豆壳上的吸附行为.采用静态批次试验研究了不同实验参数(pH值、吸附剂用量、吸附质浓度和吸附时间)对铜和染料吸附的影响.铜离子和孔雀绿分别在pH≥3.0和6.0时达到最大吸附值.对于浓度为100 mg·L-1的铜溶液,5.0 g·L-1及以上的改性豆壳能去除91%以上的铜;改性豆壳用量≥2.0 g·L-1时,能去除浓度为250 mg·L-1的溶液中95%以上的孔雀绿.改性豆壳对铜离子和孔雀绿的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温线模型,最大吸附能力分别为31.55 mg·g-1和178.57 mg·g-1.对铜离子和孔雀绿的吸附分别在75 min和7 h达到吸附平衡,准一级反应动力学方程和准二级反应动力学方程能分别描述铜离子和孔雀绿在改性豆壳上的吸附过程.     

巯基改性海泡石吸附水中的Hg(Ⅱ)

为发展高效低廉的重金属废水处理技术、促进海泡石的资源化利用,利用巯基乙酸改性天然海泡石,并对改性材料进行扫描电镜、X-射线衍射、比表面、Zeta电位和红外光谱分析;采用静态吸附实验,研究了改性海泡石对水中Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附动力学和热力学特征.结果表明,通过有机改性向海泡石中引入了巯基,改性海泡石的表面变得更加光滑,空隙增多,且带有更多的负电荷,有利于提高其对Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附能力.改性海泡石吸附水中Hg(Ⅱ)的最佳p H为6,30℃时可在60 min内达到吸附平衡,吸附过程符合假二级动力学方程,初始吸附速率常数为0.063 mg·(g·min)~(-1);吸附热力学特征可以用Langmuir等温吸附模型很好地描述,改性海泡石对Hg(Ⅱ)的最大吸附量为3.256 mg·g~(-1);该吸附过程为自发进行的吸热过程,是物理吸附和化学吸附共同作用的结果,但以物理吸附为主.     

改性天然介质材料的除氟特性研究

饮水中氟含量超标可引发严重的地方性氟中毒。如何高效、经济地降低饮用水中氟含量对保证供水水质安全意义重大。以石英砂、沸石、煤矸石和壳聚糖4种天然介质材料为载体,制备铁/铝改性吸附剂,通过静态吸附试验、等温吸附试验和动力学吸附试验,对比研究了4种改性天然介质材料的除氟效果。结果表明:载铝煤矸石和载铁沸石两种改性材料均表现出较好的氟吸附性能,在本试验条件下两种改性材料的除氟率分别达85.1%和83%;动力学吸附试验结果显示,两种改性材料对氟的吸附在1～2h内基本完成,在4h内达到吸附平衡。可见,利用天然介质材料改性去除水环境中氟污染效果显著,前景广阔。     

Ti(Ⅳ)改性颗粒活性炭的除氟性能研究

该研究采用Ti(Ⅳ)改性颗粒活性炭(GAC),并考察改性前后GAC的除氟性能。通过批试验确定Ti(Ⅳ)改性GAC对氟离子的吸附平衡、动力学和机理。实验结果表明该吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温线和拟二级动力学模型。初始氟离子浓度的提高和接触时间的延长可以提升吸附性能,而p H和温度的升高会抑制吸附性能。氟离子和羟基基团之间的离子交换作用是主要的吸附机理。批试验结果证明Ti(Ⅳ)改性GAC对氟离子就有优异的去除效果,能将水体水氟离子浓度降至饮用水标准限之下(1.0 mg/L)。Ti(Ⅳ)改性GAC具有良好的再生性能和工艺适应性,能处理同时含有氟离子和有机物污染的混合水体。     

改性底泥吸附模拟废水中Mn~(2+)影响因素的研究

制备高温焙烧改性底泥作为吸附剂,采用静态吸附试验来研究其吸附废水中重金属Mn~(2+)的效果。分别对高温焙烧改性底泥吸附重金属Mn~(2+)的影响因素(Mn~(2+)的质量浓度、吸附时间、p H、吸附剂的投加量)及吸附动力学进行研究。结果表明:改性底泥吸附Mn~(2+)的浓度为10 mg/L、平衡时间为130 min、p H为中性偏酸(范围4~7)、投加量为30 g/L时效果最佳,并对数据进行拟合且符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程,但拟合效果更好地符合Freundlich吸附等温方程。在高温焙烧改性底泥对Mn~(2+)的吸附阶段用伪一级吸附动力学方程和伪二级吸附动力学方程进行拟合,其结果表明吸附过程更好地遵循伪二级吸附动力学方程,表明以化学吸附为主,对Mn~(2+)的平衡吸附量为11.560 7 mg/g。     

氨氮在饱水粉砂土和亚砂土层中吸附过程及其模拟

为在土地处理中选择合适保护土层厚度,防止ＮＨ４对地下水污染,通过动态土柱试验,了ＮＨ４在饱和粉砂土层和亚砂土层中的吸附和Ｃａｍｅｒｏｎ平衡＝动态吸附模型模拟了ＮＨ４在土层中的迁移过程,求得了不同土层和不同浓度条件下模型的各参数值,并求解出不同时刻,不同氨氮浓度条件下的沿程ＮＨ４浓度分布曲线。研究表明,在条件下,粉砂土和砂土的从向弥散系数分别为０．１７５和０．００９３ｃｍ＾２／ｍｉｎ;当水中氨氮浓度     

磁性有序介孔碳的制备及其对水中双酚A的吸附

采用水热法成功制备了磁性有序介孔碳（Fe-OMC）,用于吸附水中双酚A （BPA）.采用高倍投射电镜、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、比表面积分析仪和振动样品磁强计对Fe-OMC进行表征.结果表明,该吸附剂具备较大的比表面积、独特的有序介孔孔道结构、丰富的含氧官能团以及较强的超顺磁性.Fe-OMC能够高效地吸附去除水中的BPA,平衡吸附量可达72.62mg/g,经过外加磁场分离回收后依旧具备较好的吸附性能.随着BPA浓度从1mg/L提高到20mg/L,其平衡吸附量由8.33mg/g增至91.78mg/g.随着pH值的升高呈现出先降低后升高再降低的趋势,最高吸附量出现在pH=8（75.34mg/g）.Fe-OMC对BPA的吸附过程可用准二级吸附动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型进行描述.计算的热力学参数表明,Fe-OMC对BPA的吸附过程是自发进行的放热过程.     

磁性有序介孔碳的制备及其对水中双酚A的吸附

采用水热法成功制备了磁性有序介孔碳（Fe-OMC）,用于吸附水中双酚A （BPA）.采用高倍投射电镜、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、比表面积分析仪和振动样品磁强计对Fe-OMC进行表征.结果表明,该吸附剂具备较大的比表面积、独特的有序介孔孔道结构、丰富的含氧官能团以及较强的超顺磁性.Fe-OMC能够高效地吸附去除水中的BPA,平衡吸附量可达72.62mg/g,经过外加磁场分离回收后依旧具备较好的吸附性能.随着BPA浓度从1mg/L提高到20mg/L,其平衡吸附量由8.33mg/g增至91.78mg/g.随着pH值的升高呈现出先降低后升高再降低的趋势,最高吸附量出现在pH=8（75.34mg/g）.Fe-OMC对BPA的吸附过程可用准二级吸附动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型进行描述.计算的热力学参数表明,Fe-OMC对BPA的吸附过程是自发进行的放热过程.     

蒙脱土-腐殖酸复合体制备及其对锶的吸附性能研究

为探究土壤胶体对放射性核素锶的吸附机制,选取典型无机矿物蒙脱土和腐殖酸制备有机-无机复合胶体,并研究了其对锶的吸附性能.实验结果表明,人工复合体的腐殖酸负载量可达到2.97%,并且添加腐殖酸会改变蒙脱土的形貌.复合体对锶的吸附量达到6.86mg/g,通过对复合体吸附锶的动力学拟合发现,吸附过程更符合二级动力学模型.吸附过程在10min后到达平衡,低温时去除率更高,15℃时为72.29%.当pH值由5增加到9时,去除率的变化范围在1%~2%之间.而离子强度对吸附有明显的影响,0.1mol/L时去除率较0.001mol/L时的去除率同比下降20%~60%.同时去除率随有机物浓度的增大而提高,从0到60mg/L时去除率快速增长,60mg/L时去除率为75.36%,随后去除率增长进入平缓期.     

Assembly of SPS/MgSi assisted by dopamine with excellent removal performance for ciprofloxacin

In this work, magnesium silicate-based sulfonated polystyrene sphere composites (SPS/MgSi) were synthesized by one-step (SMD1) and two-step (SMD2) methods. For SMD1, MgSi particles were densely assembled on the surface of SPS, assisted by complexation between Fe³⁺ and hydroxyl phenol. For SMD2, SPS/SiO₂ was firstly obtained by the same method as SMD1, and then SPS/SiO₂ was transformed directly to SPS/MgSi under hydrothermal conditions. Therefore, MgSi obtained by the two-step method had an interwoven structure. Compared to SPS, MgSi and SMD1, SMD2 presented a larger specific surface area and more negative surface charges. Therefore, SMD2 showed superior adsorption performance toward CIP with concentrations of 5, 10 and 50 mg/L, and for 50 mg/L, the equilibrium adsorption capacity could reach 329.7 mg/g. The adsorption process is fast and can be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The relationship between pH value and Zeta potential demonstrated that electrostatic interaction dominated the adsorption process. In addition, competitive adsorption showed that the effect of Na⁺ was negligible but the effect of Ca²⁺ was dependent on its concentration. Humid acid (HA) could slightly promote the absorption of CIP by SMD2. After five rounds of adsorption-desorption, the equilibrium adsorption capacity of SMD2 still remained at 288.6 mg/L for 50 mg/L CIP. Notably, SMD2 presented likewise superior adsorption capacity for CIP with concentrations of 10 and 50 mg/L in Minjiang source water. All the results indicated that this synthesis method is universal and that SMD2 has potential as an adsorbent for CIP removal from aquatic environments.     

载铁(β-FeOOH)球形棉纤维素吸附剂去除地下水As(Ⅴ)的研究

制备了一种载铁(β- FeOOH)球形棉纤维素吸附剂,球珠孔隙度大,强度好,活性成分铁的载入量可高达360mg/mL ,(质量分数达50%) ,活性好.研究表明,当铁含量为220mg/mL时,该吸附剂对As(V)的最大吸附量为15.6mg/mL(33.2mg/g) ,Langmuir和Freundlich方程能很好地描述吸附等温线.吸附速度较快,10h可达到吸附平衡,吸附动力学符合Lagergren二级方程.SiO₃^2- ,SO₄^2-,Cl^-干扰离子均不影响砷的去除.柱吸附实验表明,空床停留时间为5.9min ,进水As(V)浓度为500μg/L时,As(V)的穿透体积为5000BV .吸附剂可以用1.5mol·L^-1 NaOH再生,洗脱和再生效率可达90%以上.活性成分β-FeOOH形态稳定,柱操作和再生时铁无溶出.吸附剂制备方法简单,新颖,对地下水和饮用水砷去除具有较好的应用前景.     

纳米二氧化锆吸附Pb~(2+)的研究

采用沉淀法合成了纳米级二氧化锆,利用SEM、XRD技术,对纳米ZrO_2进行微观形貌和粒径分析,探讨了吸附时间、吸附温度、pH值以及Pb~(2+)初始浓度对吸附的影响,分析了吸附热力学性质和动力学特性,初步探讨了吸附机理。研究结果表明:在吸附温度为40℃,Pb~(2+)初始浓度为10 mg/L,pH为4.5时,吸附反应40 min后,最大吸附量为17.8 mg/g;纳米ZrO_2对Pb~(2+)吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,其吸附动力学过程以准二级动力学方程拟合效果最好;温度在303~323 K时,纳米ZrO_2吸附Pb~(2+)的吉布斯自由能ΔG~o<0、焓变ΔH~o<0、熵变ΔS~o<0,表明纳米ZrO_2对Pb~(2+)的吸附是一个自发放热过程。     

Sequestration of toxic Pb(Ⅱ) ions by chemically treated rubber(Hevea brasiliensis) leaf powder

Rubber leaf powder(an agricultural waste) was treated with potassium permanganate followed by sodium carbonate and its performance in the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution was evaluated.The interactions between Pb(Ⅱ) ions and functional groups on the adsorbent surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy(SEM) coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDX).The effects of several important parameters which can affect adsorption capacity such as pH,adsorbent dosage,initial lead concentration and contact time were studied.The optimum pH range for lead adsorption was 4-5.Even at very low adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g,almost 100% of Pb(Ⅱ) ions(23 mg/L) could be removed.The adsorption capacity was also dependent on lead concentration and contact time,and relatively a short period of time(60-90 min) was required to reach equilibrium.The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir,Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms.Based on Langmuir model,the maximum adsorption capacity of lead was 95.3 mg/g.Three kinetic models including pseudo first-order,pseudo second-order and Boyd were used to analyze the lead adsorption process,and the results showed that the pseudo second-order fitted well with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99.     

Sequestration of toxic Pb（II） ions by chemically treated rubber （Hevea brasiliensis ） leaf powder

Rubber leaf powder (an agricultural waste) was treated with potassium permanganate followed by sodium carbonate and its performance in the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution was evaluated. The interactions between Pb(II) ions and functional groups on the adsorbent surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The effects of several important parameters which can affect adsorption capacity such as pH, adsorbent dosage, initial lead concentration and contact time were studied. The optimum pH range for lead adsorption was 4–5. Even at very low adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g, almost 100% of Pb(II) ions (23 mg/L) could be removed. The adsorption capacity was also dependent on lead concentration and contact time, and relatively a short period of time (60–90 min) was required to reach equilibrium. The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. Based on Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of lead was 95.3 mg/g. Three kinetic models including pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and Boyd were used to analyze the lead adsorption process, and the results showed that the pseudo second-order fitted well with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99.