表面包覆TiO_2材料的制备及光催化降解染料废水

以介孔硅基分子筛SBA-15为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法在SBA-15分子筛表面包覆TiO_2。制备了不同TiO_2含量的链状二维六方形介孔复合材料。采用电子显微镜扫描仪、X射线衍射仪、傅立叶红外光谱、紫外-固体漫反射等技术对复合材料进行表征。SEM结果表明样品具有良好的包覆效果,UV-Vis光谱结果表明样品具有较好的光吸收能力。XRD结果表明复合材料表面包覆的TiO_2为锐钛矿和金红石的混合晶型,随载体用量的增加TiO_2的粒径逐渐减小。以光催化降解亚甲基蓝为目标,研究复合材料在煅烧温度、载体用量、底物溶液初始浓度等影响因素下的光催化效果。考察复合材料的再生光催化活性。研究表明:介孔TiO_2复合材料相比于市售P-25有较高的光催化活性。复合材料可进行回收利用,并且其介孔结构牢固不易崩塌。     

高分子树脂与介孔分子筛吸附-脱附VOCs性能对比

采用溶剂热法制备介孔聚二乙烯基苯(PDVB)树脂,并以介孔分子筛MCM-41、SBA-15为参照,从吸附-脱附甲苯、邻二甲苯、均三甲苯性能和高湿度下的疏水性能方面对其进行对比研究.结果表明,PDVB具有最大的比表面积1219.1m2/g,其对低浓度甲苯吸附量约为介孔分子筛的2倍,同时吸附性能几乎不受水汽影响.随着VOCs分子尺寸增加,3种吸附剂对VOCs的饱和吸附量均有所增加,但PDVB的穿透吸附量明显高于分子筛.热重分析表明,在200℃以下3种吸附剂上吸附的有机分子均能脱附完全,具有优良的脱附再生性能.     

两种介孔分子筛动态吸附VOCs的研究

采用模板剂法制备了孔道规整、大比表面积的2种介孔分子筛MCM-41和SBA-15,并以甲苯、二甲苯、三甲苯为吸附对象,考察了介孔分子筛动态吸附VOCs的性能.结果表明,增加VOCs分子尺寸和浓度,降低床层温度可大幅提高介孔分子筛吸附性能.SBA-15由于介孔壁上的微孔结构适合吸附低浓度、小分子VOCs;MCM-41更适合吸附高浓度、大分子VOCs.TPD脱附试验表明,VOCs在介孔材料表面150℃下就能基本脱附完全.     

苯基改性的介孔分子筛SBA-15的合成与表征

采用一步法在酸性条件下以聚乙氧基聚丙氧基聚乙氧基三嵌段共聚物(P123)为模板剂,用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和苯基三甲氧基硅烷(PTMS)直接缩合制备了苯基改性介孔分子筛Ph-SBA-15,并用红外光谱(FTIR)、小角X射线衍射(SAXRD)、热重分析(TGA)、透射电镜(TEM)和氮气吸附-脱附对样品进行了表征。结果表明,制备的样品不仅保持了高度有序的SBA-15的二维六角结构,而且具有较高的热稳定性,较大的比表面,孔容和孔径。     

3D介孔TiO_2微米球的制备及其光催化降解双酚A的研究

利用水热方法,无需模板一步合成3D介孔TiO2光催化剂.然后采用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、高分辨电子显微镜（HRTEM）和N2吸附-解吸BET技术对其组织结构进行表征,以双酚A为目标物对比介孔TiO2光催化剂和市售P25的光催化性能,并研究了不同温度下TiO2的相变及热重分析（TGA）.结果表明,...     

介孔钛硅分子筛的表面化学特征及除铅机制研究

以表面活性剂在水溶液中形成的液晶相为模板剂，考察了钛含量对制备介孔钛硅分子筛性质的影响；应用表面络合反应关系式计算了介孔钛硅分子筛表面络合反应的基本特征参数。研究了溶液ｐＨ值、温度等对Ｐｂ＾２＋离子在介孔钛硅分子筛表面吸附的影响；并就Ｐｂ＾２＋离子在介孔钛硅分子筛表面的吸附动力学、吸附等温线和吸附机理进行了探讨。     

溶胶-凝胶法合成高温稳定的大孔结构二氧化钛

用钛酸丁酯作钛源,95%的乙醇水溶液作溶剂,柠檬酸铵作螯合剂,利用简单的溶胶-凝胶法合成了大孔结构的TiO2。用扫描电镜（SEM）,X射线衍射（XRD）,傅里叶变换红外光谱（IR）,差热-热重分析（TG-DTA）,N2吸附等方法对产物的形貌和结构进行了表征。结果表明大孔的直径在2μm左右,这种材料比表面积比较高,并且热稳定性好,可以耐800℃的高温。550℃焙烧得到的锐钛矿对罗丹明B具有光催化活性。95%的乙醇溶液对生产介孔-大孔TiO2材料很有利。TiO2微孔-大孔多级孔结构的形成是微相分离和有机酸铵螯合作用两者共同作用的结果。     

介孔SiO_2/TiO_2材料处理苯酚水溶液研究

通过水热法以PEG6000和β-CD为复合模板剂合成介孔SiO_2纳米粒子;采用溶剂热法以Tween-80为模板剂合成介孔TiO_2纳米粒子;应用溶剂热法利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂合成介孔SiO2_2-TiO_2复合纳米粒子。采用本实验合成的三种介孔材料对苯酚水溶液进行吸附性能对比实验。研究在不同用量、不同时间、不同pH值、不同初始浓度条件下介孔材料对苯酚水溶液的吸附效果。     

锚定金属离子-螯合物的介孔硅除磷性能研究

采用3种介孔硅分子筛制备了锚定金属离子-螯合物的介孔硅吸附剂。系统研究了硅分子筛、螯合剂、金属离子和吸附时间等因素对吸附剂磷吸附性能的影响。结果表明,硅分子筛、螯合物和金属离子对吸附剂的磷吸附性能有显著的影响,其对介孔硅吸附剂磷吸附量影响的顺序分别为:SBA15>MCM41>MCM48,Fe-SH-MCM41<相似文献   

Fe改性原位Cu/SSZ-13催化剂柴油车尾气脱硝性能研究

以廉价的铜四乙烯五胺(Cu-TEPA)为模板剂,采用水热法原位合成Cu/SSZ-13分子筛,进一步经过浸渍铁对其改性制备Fe-Cu/SSZ-13催化剂.考察铁盐种类及浸渍铁量对其柴油车尾气脱硝活性及水热稳定性的影响.使用XRD、N_2吸附-脱附、H_2-TPR、NH_3-TPD对样品进行表征测试,并分析影响样品脱硝活性以及水热稳定性的原因.结果表明:浸渍量为1.0%时,以Fe(NO_3)_3为铁盐改性得到的Fe-Cu/SSZ-13分子筛催化剂柴油车尾气脱硝效果最佳,在160～530℃温度范围内,NO的转化率能到达90%以上,并且具有优异的N_2选择性和水热稳定性.由分析结果推测,以Fe(NO_3)_3为铁源时,负载在Cu/SSZ-13分子筛上的铁更为牢固,使其抗老化性能提高,且在脱硝过程中铁物种和铜物种同时起到对NO的还原作用.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Evaluation of phytoextracting cadmium and lead by sunflower, ricinus, alfalfa and mustard in hydroponic culture

Soil contaminated with heavy metals cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)is hard to be remediated.Phytoremediation may be a feasible method to remove toxic metals from soil,but there are few suitable plants which can hyperaccumulate metals.In this study,Cd and Pb accumulation by four plants including sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.),mustard(Brassica juncea L.),alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.), ricinus(Ricinus communis L.)in hydroponic cultures was compared.Results showed that these plants could phytocxtract heavy metals, the ability of accumulation differed with species,concentrations and categories of heavy metals.Values of BCF(bioconcentration factor)and TF(translocation factor)indicated that four species had dissimilar abilities of phytoextraction and transportation of heavy metals.Changes on the biomass of plants,pH and Eh at different treatments revealed that these four plants had distinct responses to Cd and Pb in cultures.Measurements should be taken to improve the phytoremediation of sites contaminated with heavy metals,such as pH and Eh regulations,and so forth.     

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.     

Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.