Enhanced anaerobic biodegradability of real coal gasification wastewater with methanol addition

Coal gasification effluent is a typical refractory industrial wastewater with a very poor anaerobic biodegradability due to its toxicity.Methanol was introduced to improve anaerobic biodegradability of real coal gasification wastewater,and the effect of methanol addition on the performance was investigated in a mesophilic upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor with a hydraulic retention time of 24 hr.Experimental results indicated that anaerobic treatment of coal gasification wastewater was feasible with the addition of methanol.The corresponding maximum COD and phenol removal rates were 71% and 75%,respectively,with methanol concentration of 500 mg COD/L for a total organic loading rate of 3.5 kg COD/(m3 ·day) and a phenol loading rate of 0.6 kg/(m3 ·day).The phenol removal rate was not improved with a higher methanol concentration of 1000 mg COD/L.Substrate utilization rate (SUR) tests indicated that the SURs of phenol were 106,132,and 83 mg phenol/(g VSS·day) at methanol concentrations of 250,500,and 1000 mg COD/L,respectively,and only 45 mg phenol/(g VSS·day) in the control reactor.The presence of methanol could reduce the toxicity of coal gasification wastewater and increase the biodegradation of phenolic compounds.     

UASB反应器处理CMC废水的启动特性研究

采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器,以高浓度羧甲基纤维素(CMC)废水为处理对象,研究了中温条件下UASB反应器的启动、颗粒污泥特性和废水处理效果.结果表明,采用接种颗粒污泥与消化污泥的混合泥进行培养,并逐步提高进水CMC废水浓度,运行80 d后,可实现UASB反应器的启动;当进水COD值达到4 000 mg/L,容积负荷6.86 kg/(m3.d),COD去除率在80%以上;反应器内污泥实现颗粒化,且颗粒污泥的比产甲烷活性良好.     

氨氮和硫酸盐对谷氨酸厌氧生物降解性能的抑制及机理

采用连续运行1119d的上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）反应器,研究了最佳有机负荷条件下氨氮和硫酸盐对模拟废水中谷氨酸降解性能的抑制作用.结果表明,有机负荷为8.0g COD/（L·d）时,COD去除率达到最高值为（97.94±0.28）%.逐步提高进水氨氮浓度,起初对谷氨酸降解性能的影响不大;但升到2000mg/L时COD去除率和甲烷产率明显降低,继续升至4000mg/L时即达到半抑制状态.逐步提高进水硫酸盐浓度至4000mg/L,甲烷产率和溶液中游离硫化氢（FS）浓度分别呈现一直下降和升高趋势,但COD去除率均能维持在90%以上.进水中的氨氮和硫酸盐分别因离解平衡和生物还原作用形成游离氨（FAN）和FS,进而抑制了产甲烷菌的活性;前者因FAN扩散到细胞内部破坏质子平衡从而过多消耗ATP,后者还因硫酸盐还原菌的增殖存在底物竞争抑制作用.     

氨氮和硫酸盐对谷氨酸厌氧生物降解性能的抑制及机理

采用连续运行1119d的上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）反应器,研究了最佳有机负荷条件下氨氮和硫酸盐对模拟废水中谷氨酸降解性能的抑制作用.结果表明,有机负荷为8.0g COD/（L·d）时,COD去除率达到最高值为（97.94±0.28）%.逐步提高进水氨氮浓度,起初对谷氨酸降解性能的影响不大;但升到2000mg/L时COD去除率和甲烷产率明显降低,继续升至4000mg/L时即达到半抑制状态.逐步提高进水硫酸盐浓度至4000mg/L,甲烷产率和溶液中游离硫化氢（FS）浓度分别呈现一直下降和升高趋势,但COD去除率均能维持在90%以上.进水中的氨氮和硫酸盐分别因离解平衡和生物还原作用形成游离氨（FAN）和FS,进而抑制了产甲烷菌的活性;前者因FAN扩散到细胞内部破坏质子平衡从而过多消耗ATP,后者还因硫酸盐还原菌的增殖存在底物竞争抑制作用.     

厌氧颗粒污泥反应器修复模拟受PCP污染地表水的性能研究

研究了用于修复模拟受ＰＣＰ污染地表水的厌氧颗粒污泥反应器降解ＰＣＰ活性的维持条件和修复性能．结果表明，降解ＰＣＰ活性可通过连续提供电子供体和选择压力来维持，操作条件为ＣＯＤ进水／ＰＣＰ进水＞３０，此时反应器具有稳定的ＰＣＰ去除和产甲烷性能；颗粒污泥反应器修复受ＰＣＰ污染地表水的性能与过程稳定性受电子供体类型、数量的影响．当ＣＯＤ／ＰＣＰ＞１５０—２００，ＨＲＴ为０５ｄ时，含ＰＣＰ１２９１ｍｇ／Ｌ的模拟受污地表水经厌氧反应器修复后，其ＰＣＰ浓度可低于１ＰＰｂ，生物毒性明显降低．     

厌氧折流板反应器处理难降解黄连素废水的研究

试验研究了4格室厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)处理浓度为50~300mg/L的难降解黄连素废水,包括启动实验和后续操作运行,共计175d,其中启动运行80d,反应温度控制在(32±1)℃.结果表明,采用低黄连素负荷的方法驯化污泥,其启动过程比较快, ABR反应器污泥经过80d的驯化培养后,微生物对黄连素具有一定的适应性;启动后逐渐提高进水黄连素浓度,最高达到300mg/L,当进水黄连素浓度为120mg/L时, ABR反应器的处理效果最好,COD和黄连素的去除率分别达到70%和95%左右,此时各格室污泥平均浓度分别达到24.06,24.76,27.76, 6.4g/L,污泥外观呈红褐色和黑色.     

生产规模中药废水两相厌氧生物处理工艺研究

采用两相厌氧-好氧工艺系统治理哈尔滨中药二厂高浓度难降解有机生产废水,通过两相厌氧工艺的运行效果,分析了其在工艺系统中的作用.生产性试验突破了中药废水生物处理技术始终停留在原水COD低于5000mg/L、可生化性良好的易处理废水上的研究现状.现场调试运行结果表明:在进水浓度多为7000～40000mg/L且废水可生化性差(BOD₅/COD<0.2)的情况下,产酸相反应器的日平均COD容积负荷可达到20～30kg/(m³·d),平均COD去除率为47.1%;产甲烷相反应器27d启动成功,其COD容积负荷可达到6.0～7.0kg/(m³·d),平均COD去除率为94.06%;两相厌氧工艺系统COD总去除率可达93.0%以上,是整个工艺系统出水达标排放的重要前提.     

常温下内循环厌氧反应器的启动研究

研究了内循环厌氧反应器(IC反应器)在常温下处理葡萄糖配水的启动特性。结果表明:在运行温度为25~35℃的条件下,反应器经70 d启动完成,且IC反应器具有较好的处理效果,反应器内能形成大量的颗粒污泥。启动完成后,进水COD浓度在3 000 mg/L左右时,COD去除率一直保持在95%以上,出水COD浓度维持在200 mg/L左右。当HRT为5.8 h,容积负荷为11.9 kg/(m3.d)时,出水VFA低于200 mg/L,产气量为33 L/d,反应器运行正常。     

厌氧反应器与好氧MBR组合工艺中HRT对有机物去除效果的影响

为探讨水力停留时间(HRT)对厌氧反应器与好氧MBR组合工艺处理效果的影响,以印染废水为研究对象,进行了实验室研究.结果表明,在溶解氧(DO)浓度为1.8～2.6 mg/L的条件下,HRT为7.5、4.5和2.5 h时,反应器对COD的去除效率分别为88.7%～96.5%、87.3%～97.2%和81%～92%,出水COD的浓度分别为78.9～51.2、81.6～50.8、93.4～65.8 mg/L.试验同时考察了不同HRT条件下,活性污泥浓度(MLSS)对COD去除率的影响.结果表明,在试验条件下,本工艺中一体化膜生物反应器中最佳污泥浓度应控制在6 500 mg/L左右.     

硫酸盐生物还原法处理含锌废水

研究了用硫酸盐还原菌处理含锌废水的污泥床工艺及影响运行的主要因素,结果表明,该工艺可在进水ＣＯＤ和锌浓度分别为３２０ｍｇ／Ｌ与１００ｍｇ／Ｌ时有效运行,有机物和Ｚｎ＾２＋的去除率分别以７３．８％和９９．６３％,大水力滞留时间降至６ｈ时,Ｚｎ＾２＋的去除率仍可达９４．５５％,进水Ｚｎ＾２＋浓度低于５００ｍｇ／Ｌ,时装置可以稳定运行,而当浓度达到６００ｍｇ／Ｌ时,硫酸盐原菌受到Ｚｎ＾２＋的明显毒害。当     

The integration of methanogenesis with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in an expaned granular sludge bed reactor

The integration of methanogenesis with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) was studied in an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor in this work. Experimental results from the continuous treatment of wastewater with nitrite and ammonium, which lasted for 107 days, demonstrated that wastewater with high nitrite and ammonium could be anaerobically treated in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor. More than 91% to 97% of COD were removed at up to about 3.9 g COD/(L x d) of COD volumetric loading rate. More than 97% to 100% of nitrite was denitrified at up to about 0.8 g NO2(-) -N/(L x d), which is 16 times higher than that in a conventional activated sludge system with nitrification/denitrification (0.05 gN/(L x d)). No dissimilatory reduction of nitrite to ammonium occurred in the process. However, maximum of about 40% ammonium was found to be lost. Batch tests of 15 days with sludge from the reactor showed that 100% of nitrite was denitrified completely, and about 3% of ammonium was removed when only ammonium (34.3 mg/L) and nitrite (34.3 mg/ L) were added into the sludge suspension medium. Furthermore, about 15% of ammonium amounts were lost with organic COD addition. It suggested that the methanogenesis in the system could enhance ANAMMOX because of intermediate hydrogen produced during methanogenesis.     

The integration of methanogenesis with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅＵＡＳＢｒｅａｃｔｏｒａｎｄｉｔｓｖａｒｉｏｕｓｍｏｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌｌｙａｐｐｌｉｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｏｆｖａｒｉｏｕｓｋｉｎｄｓｏｆｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒ(ｈｉｇｈｔｏｌｏｗｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈ ,ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌａｎｄｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃ)ｕｎｄｅｒｐｓｙｃｈｒｏｐｈｉｌｉｃ ,ｍｅｓｏｐｈｉｌｉｃａｎｄｔｈｅｒｍｏｐｈｉｌｉｃｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ(Ｌｅｔｔｉｎｇａ ,1995 ) .Ｍｏｄｅｒｎａｎａｅｒｏｂｉｃｒｅａｃｔｏｒｓ…     

pH6.0酸性条件下产甲烷EGSB反应器的运行研究

采用中性颗粒污泥接种,运行一个3.1L的EGSB反应器共345d,通过逐步降低pH值,获得了耐酸的产甲烷颗粒污泥并实现厌氧反应器在低pH、低碱度条件下的稳定运行.在pH 6.0,进水COD 3000mg/L,COD容积负荷5kg/(m³·d)时,反应器的COD平均去除率为95.0%,出水总碱度(以CaCO₃计)仅为328.5mg/L,每g去除COD的沼气产量为372.2mL,沼气中甲烷含量约为57.6%;在进水COD 4 000mg/L,COD容积负荷7.5kg/(m³·d)时,COD平均去除率为90.9%,出水总碱度仅为404.8mg/L,每g去除COD的沼气产量为446.3mL,甲烷含量约为55.9%.EGSB反应器在pH6.0～6.1的范围内共运行112d,表明在低pH、低碱度下实现稳定的产甲烷过程是可行的.     

进水浓度对UASB颗粒污泥形成的影响研究

采用人工葡萄糖配水,在相同的操作条件下,研究了进水浓度对UASB反应器颗粒污泥形成的影响。试验结果表明,9000mg/L COD的高浓度进水能够培养出良好的颗粒污泥,颗粒直径1.0—2.5mm(大多为2.0mm),SVI 16.03 ml/g,沉降性能良好.颗粒化过程在二个多月的试验周期内基本完成。反应器容积负荷达30.8kg COD/m~3·d,COD去除率大于85％.而采用1000mg/L COD的低浓度进水,也能培养出颗粒污泥但过程较慢,颗粒直径较小,约0.5—1.5mm,反应器容积负荷最高为10.2kg COD/m~3·d,COD去除率约75％。本文还就处理实际废水时的操作控制技术进行了分析讨论。     

高浓度中温厌氧膜生物反应器处理城市污水厂污泥的厌氧消化效果

利用厌氧消化技术处理城市污泥等有机废弃物,可以生成以甲烷为主要成分的沼气,同时实现废弃物减量化。传统的污泥厌氧消化技术存在水力停留时间长,处理水质差,反应器对环境变动敏感,运行不稳定等缺陷。使用有效体积15 L的实验室规模厌氧膜生物反应器（AnMBR）对初沉污泥与剩余污泥混合的城市污水厂污泥进行高浓度厌氧消化处理。AnMBR通过膜过滤方式将悬浮固体（SS）截留在反应器内,增强了反应器运行的稳定性并促进有机物的分解。AnMBR反应器在中温35℃,HRT为15 d,有机负荷为4.66 g-COD/（L·d）的条件下进行了为期155 d的长期运行实验。实验过程中,反应器运行稳定,没有出现氨氮抑制和挥发性脂肪酸的积累。沼气收率为0.48 L/g-VS,甲烷平均含量为63.32%。膜过滤水中COD浓度为0.77 g/L,COD去除率高达98%以上。通过物质衡算,基质总COD的54.38%转化为甲烷,仅有0.6%残留在膜过滤水中。在保持反应器污泥浓度25 g/L的高浓度条件下,实现了工作模式为4 min抽吸,1 min休息,平均膜通量9.6 L/（m2·h）的连续稳定运行。通过膜阻力抵抗值的计算,污染膜总阻力为11.87×1012/m,其中附着在膜表面的泥饼层和导致膜孔闭塞的有机层为膜污染形成的主要因素。通过长期连续实验的产甲烷情况及膜过滤效果,验证了AnMBR在有机废弃物减量化和能源回收应用上的可行性。     

溴代阻燃剂对生物脱氮除磷的影响

为探究新兴污染物溴代阻燃剂（BFR）对生物脱氮除磷（BNPR）的影响,以实际废水为探究对象,建立厌氧/好氧/缺氧序批式反应器,中温环境下研究了不同浓度多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）对BNPR的影响。结果表明:PBDEs对BNPR的影响具有浓度依赖性,低浓度PBDEs对BNPR及污泥特征影响不明显,而ρ（PBDEs）>0.1 mg/L时可显著抑制BNPR。当PBDEs浓度为2.0 mg/L时,活性污泥系统稳定运行时化学需氧量（COD）、氨氮及正磷酸盐（OP）的去除率分别为73.2%~75.6%、85.2%和72.1%~73.6%,显著低于空白组。此外,PBDEs的存在可降低污泥内总悬浮固体和挥发性悬浮固体,提高污泥体积指数及胞外聚合物含量。典型周期研究发现PBDEs可抑制硝化、反硝化、厌氧释磷及好氧吸磷过程。     

厌氧酸化—好氧法处理高浓度洗毛废水尾浆试验研究

采用厌氧酸化－好氧工艺对高浓度洗毛废水尾浆进行处理。试验结果表明，对于ＣＯＤ为２５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ的原废水，经１ｄ的厌氧酸化和１ｄ的二段串联的间歇活性污泥法好氧曝气处理，ＣＯＤ和ＢＯＤ５的总去除率分别达到９２％和９９％以上，生化处理出水ＣＯＤ为１５００～２０００ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＢＯＤ５＜６０ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

HRT对糖蜜废水发酵产氢的影响

采用自制的UASB反应器,以糖蜜废水为底物,接种絮状污泥进行HRT对发酵制氢的影响研究.结果表明:在温度为(37±1)℃,进水COD浓度为4 000 mg/L,出水pH为4.6～5的条件下,HRT在8～6 h范围时,反应器的产气速率和产氢速率达到最大并保持稳定,平均值分别为41 L/d和21 L/d左右,氢气含量稳定在...     

Nitrogen removal via nitrite from municipal landfill leachate

A system consisting of a two-stage up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), an anoxic/aerobic (A/O) reactor and a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), was used to treat landfill leachate. During operation, denitrification and methanogenesis took place simultaneously in the first stage UASB, and the e uent chemical oxygen demand (COD) was further removed in the second stage UASB. Then the denitrification of nitrite and nitrate in the returned sludge by using the residual COD was accomplished in the A/O reactor, and ammonia was removed via nitrite in it. Last but not least, the residual ammonia was removed in SBR as well as nitrite and nitrate which were produced by nitrification. The results over 120 d (60 d for phase I and 60 d for phase II) were as follows: when the total nitrogen (TN) concentration of influent leachate was about 2500 mg/L and the ammonia nitrogen concentration was about 2000 mg/L, the shortcut nitrification with 85%–90% nitrite accumulation was achieved stably in the A/O reactor. The TN and ammonia nitrogen removal e ciencies of the system were 98% and 97%, respectively. The residual ammonia, nitrite and nitrate produced during nitrification in the A/O reactor could be washed out almost completely in SBR. The TN and ammonia nitrogen concentrations of final e uent were about 39 mg/L and 12 mg/L, respectively.     

进料负荷调控培养好氧颗粒污泥的试验研究

采用厌好氧交替的SBR反应器,以进料负荷（即进水浓度）作为主要控制参数,研究了好氧颗粒污泥的关键培养技术.结果表明,在30 min的较长污泥沉降时间下,通过进料COD 0～900 mg·L^-1的负荷调控,可以有效控制反应器内污泥生长.初始接种污泥的沉降性能对颗粒污泥产生很重要,SVI值保持在20～50 mg·L^-1才能有助于颗粒污泥形成和培养.应用“空曝”这种强力负荷调控方式可大大改善污泥沉降性能,并促进颗粒污泥的形成.通过进料减负荷运行可很好实现污泥的“完全颗粒化”培养.颗粒化转变出现在进料浓度COD 400～500 mg·L^-1,污泥浓度约8～10 g·L^-1.“完全颗粒化”污泥的性能优异,粒径约1.0 mm,SVI值25～35 mg·L^-1,最大沉降速率60 m·h^-1.污泥颗粒过程的发生可能决定于SBR的独特间歇式运行,即基质浓度的贫富交替,减负荷运行可强化基质贫富交替并增大颗粒化过程的驱动力.