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贾同春 《资源节约和综合利用》1996,(1):41-43
本文分析了石材加工过程中,冷却水的作用;总结了国内石材加工冷却水循环利用现状,循环利用迫在眉睫,提出了循环利用的简单方法和循环利用过程中尚须探讨的问题。 相似文献
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废钢铁是随着工业的发展和人们生活水平的提高而产生和增加的。现在全世界一年产生的废钢铁达3.2一3.4亿吨,而且每年以们00万吨的速度递增,预计到2000年,废钢铁的年生成量将达到4亿吨。我国近几年废钢铁的年产生量也有4000万吨左右,预计到2000年将达到4300万吨。这么多废钢铁,能否充分利用,对人们生存环境和资源利用起到重要作用。随着社会进步,人们正逐渐认识到,废钢铁是一种资源财富,只要将其进行回收起来,经过加工处理,即可变成良好的炼钢原料。充分利用废钢铁资源具有很好的环保和节能效益。废钢铁的回收、加工利用,世界… 相似文献
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本文概括了废钢铁加工利用领域中的基础理论研究、应用科学和实用技术,介绍了国内外《废钢学》的历史进展与现状。 相似文献
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氧化镁湿法脱硫技术相比其他烟气脱硫技术具有独特的技术优势,但其脱硫副产品一直无法得到合理的回收利用,制约了该脱硫技术的广泛推广。目前,大部分采用该技术的企业选择将副产品直接丢弃,无法为企业创造利润,同时也造成环境污染。根据公司现状,研究合适的脱硫副产品氧化制硫酸镁工艺流程,不仅可以为企业创造可观的经济效益,也降低了溶液中的COD含量,对吸收塔、浆液循环泵等设备的磨损也将大大降低。 相似文献
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周恩来总理、李鹏总理分别在1958年7月7日和1988年5月15日对我国再生资源事业作了光辉题词。全国再生资源行业每年5至7月都开展了学习、宣传和纪念活动。现在,二位总理的题词精神已深入广大职工的人心、鼓舞和指导着我国再生资源事业的发展,取得了很大的成绩。从湖南省供销社系统看,犯年来回收各类再生资源45亿多元,总重量为1050多万吨。其中回收的废钢铁472万吨,废铜、废锡等废旧有色金属26万多吨,各种造纸原料250多万吨,其他再生资源3叫余万吨。这些再生资源供给冶金、机械、化工、轻工、手工等工业生产部门加工利用后,可形成工业… 相似文献
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金属氧化铁皮为金属热加工过程产生的主要副产品,加强其资源化利用方法的研究具不可小觑的社会与经济效益。基于此,本文在对金属氧化铁皮的产生机理与过程进行简单阐述的基础上,更进一步对其在几个方向的综合利用情况进行了一定分析。 相似文献
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Domnita Fratila 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(10-11):1031-1039
This paper focuses on investigating several aspects of the machining process from an ecological perspective, the result being a macro-level analysis. The analysis presented here considers not only the environmental impact of the material removal process itself, but also the impact of the associated processes such as the material preparation, and the scrap processing. A macro-level assessment of the comparative life cycle environmental performance of the near-dry machining (NDM) using TiN-coated carbide tools and the flood machining (FM) is performed by a case study referring to the gear milling. The assessment, using the SimaPro 7.1.5 software and the ecoinvent1.5 database, includes combined Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the workpiece material, the scrap processing, the use of lubrication, and the energy consumption. 相似文献
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《Journal of Manufacturing Processes》2003,5(2):127-142
Geometric parameters and material properties are the two major categories of factors affecting burr formation in the milling process. Geometric parameters such as tool geometry, workpiece geometry, or process condition influence workpiece edge quality at the tool-chip interface. This study identifies a unified criterion to analyze burr formation for different tool engagements. The criterion exploits the exit order of cutting edges of the tool along the workpiece edge, which essentially includes the 3-D nature of the process. The criterion correlates the cutting mechanism and burr formation using the exit order sequence (EOS) as an approximation of chip flow angle. The impact of different possible exit order sequences on burr formation is analyzed. Previously observed phenomena are explained based on the EOS. Also, experiments are done with three different materials (with different ductilities) to analyze the impact of material properties on burr formation for a given EOS. Although burr sizes are different quantitatively with different material, the ranking of burr size for different EOS remained the same. An algorithm for the prediction of burr formation in face milling based on EOS is developed and tested and validated on two different profiles of an automotive part. 相似文献
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工艺过程源和溶剂使用源挥发性有机物排放成分谱研究进展 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
工艺过程源和溶剂使用源是我国大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)最主要的工业来源,近年来源成分谱的研究逐步受到重视.本文总结梳理了2000年以来国内外有关工艺过程源和溶剂使用源排放VOCs特征的相关研究,对比分析了不同研究结果的差异,结合不同研究的对象和方法,探讨了影响溶剂使用和工艺过程源排放成分谱研究的主要影响因素.结果表明,工艺过程源下分的32个三级子类(参照国家《大气挥发性有机物源排放清单编制技术指南》源分类方法)中,有相关研究报道的包括八类;溶剂使用源下分的10个三级子类中,有相关研究报道的包括四类.总体而言,细化的行业研究种类比较少,不同行业排放VOCs组成差异大,可比性较差.污染源采集测试方法对同一行业源排放成分谱研究结果有较大影响.此外,成分谱中VOCs物质名录的不统一也不利于不同研究结果的比较;含氧VOCs是上述两类污染源排放的重要组分,需要纳入测量范围.未来,有必要建立开放交互式的工艺过程源和溶剂使用源排放VOCs成分谱库平台,鼓励并形成不同研究结果的共享及录入机制;并建立相关研究成果数据入库规范,包括研究的对象、方法、地区、时段以及样本量等详细信息,以便开展不同VOCs源成分谱不确定性评判. 相似文献
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报告了硼加工车间空气中粗、细颗粒物的分布,包括粒子数量分布和质量分布.鄂破、球磨、雷蒙磨车间的粉尘质量浓度分别高达28,33和23 mg/m3.粉尘中PM10所占比例分别为62.1%,62.7%和56.5%.而在PM10中,细粒子比例较低,分别为10.1%,14.2%和9.22%,但PM2.5的质量浓度分别为1.76,2.94和1.20 mg/m3.用ICP-MS测定的球磨和雷蒙磨车间空气中硼的质量浓度分别为425.6和669.1 μg/m3,其污染水平是相当高的. 相似文献
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水系不但是重要的自然地理要素,而且对防洪减灾、资源开发等有着重要意义。基于DEM的坡面径流法是最为常用的水系提取方法,其提取精度直接取决于DEM中洼地的处理方法。为了比较不同DEM处理方法对水系提取精度的影响,本文以江西省潦河流域为例,利用基于DEM数据的J&D算法及基于辅助数据的AGREE方法来处理实验区DEM,然后利用坡面径流法提取水系。结果表明,经两种方法后均可以提取出连续的水系,且提取水系的等级、数量及长度相差不大;在提取精度上,在受人类活动影响较小的山地丘陵地区两种方法提取的水系比较吻合,而在平坦地区或受人类活动影响较大的地区提取的水系差异较大,且AGREE方法处理后提取的水系精度较高。 相似文献
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《Journal of Manufacturing Processes》2000,2(4):225-240
A new approach to theoretical modeling and simulation of face milling forces is presented. The present approach is based on a predictive machining theory in which machining characteristic factors in continuous cutting with a single-point cutting tool can be predicted from the workpiece material properties, tool geometry, and cutting conditions. The action of a milling cutter is considered as the simultaneous work of a number of single-point cutting tools, and the milling forces are predicted from input data of workpiece material properties, cutter parameters and tooth geometry, cutting condition, cutter and workpiece vibration structure parameters, and types of milling. A predictive force model for face milling is developed using this approach. In the model, the workpiece material properties are considered as functions of strain, strain rate, and temperature. The ratio of cutter tooth engagement over milling is taken into account for the determination of temperature in the cutting region. Cutter runout is included in the modeling for the chip load. The relative displacement between the cutter and workpiece due to the cutter and workpiece vibration is also included in the modeling to consider the effect on the undeformed chip thickness. A milling force simulation system has been developed using the model, and face milling experimental tests have been conducted to verify the simulation system. It is shown that the simulation results agree well with experimental results. 相似文献
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A major obstacle that limits the productivity in machining operations is the presence of machine tool chatter. Machining is a dynamic process and chatter behavior depends upon a number of different aspects including spindle speeds, material properties, tool geometry, and even the location of tool respect to the rest of machine. Many of the traditional models used to predict chatter stability lobes assume that parameters such as natural frequency, stiffness, and cutting coefficients remain constant. In reality, these parameters vary and they affect the chatter stability. The uncertainty in these parameters can be taken into consideration by employing the robust stability theory into a two degree of freedom milling model. Utilizing the Edge theorem and the Zero Exclusion condition, a robust chatter stability model, based on the analytical chatter stability milling model, is developed. This improves the reliability compared to the projected pseudo single degree of freedom model. The method is verified experimentally for milling operations while considering a changing natural frequency and cutting coefficient. 相似文献