固相微萃取在空气有机污染物监测的应用

固相微萃取技术是一种新型的无溶剂化环境样品前处理技术,将采样、萃取、浓缩和进样集中于一个步骤完成。详细地介绍固相微萃取技术的原理、装置和萃取方式及该技术在环境空气有机污染物监测中的应用情况和国内外研究进展。     

固相微萃取技术及其在环境中的应用

通过论述当前的萃取技术的发展,提出了固相萃取技术的概念.详细的论述了固相微萃取技术的特点、萃取头的选择、在环境中的应用以及该技术的发展方向,说明了固相萃取技术在环境有机分析中有广阔的前景,是有机前处理的技术的发展方向.     

环境水样中邻苯二甲酸酯固相膜萃取预富集方法

使用C₁₈键合硅胶固相萃取膜,研究了环境水样中邻苯二甲酸酯（PAES）类化合物的固相膜萃取预富集方法,探讨了影响萃取效果的因素;并以环境水样为介质,比较了固相膜萃取与液－液萃取的富集效果．结果表明,4种PAEs膜萃取回收率均高于85％,与液－液萃取结果相近;同时还给出了实际水样中4种PAES固相膜萃取结果．     

有机氯农药的固相萃取实验条件研究

固相萃取技术是一种最常使用的样品制备方法,被广泛用于水样的预处理、空气中痕量有机化合物和生物样品中被测定组分的富集过程。实验使用全自动固相萃取仪萃取水中的有机氯农药类化合物,以空白加标回收率来评价固相萃取的富集效率,讨论了固相萃取实验条件的不同对样品萃取效率的影响。     

固相萃取-液相色谱法测定土壤中酚类化合物

建立了索氏提取-固相萃取-液相色谱法测定土壤中环境优先监测的6种酚类污染物监测方法。利用索氏提取和固相萃取法提取净化了土壤中6种酚类化合物,比较5种固相萃取柱萃取的效果,选择PSD固相萃取柱,优化了固相萃取条件,影响固相萃取回收率的4种因子显著性顺序为:水样p H上样速度洗脱液体积溶剂类型。最佳固相萃取条件:上样的水样p H=3,上样速度5 m L/min,洗脱溶剂为乙腈,洗脱溶剂体积是10.0 m L。酚类化合物的检出限为0.01~0.05 mg/kg,加标回收率在85.39%~105.82%之间,相对标准偏差RSD10%(n=7),该法操作方便,灵敏度高,可用于土壤中多种酚类化合物的测定。     

固相微萃取技术及其应用现状综述

固相微萃取技术（SPME）在固相萃取（SPE）基础上发展而来。作为一种较新的样品前处理技术,固相微萃取技术具有操作简单、快速、集采样、萃取、浓缩和进样于一体等诸多优点,目前已被广泛应用。阐述了 SPME 的技术原理、操作流程、影响因素、应用领域和新的进展。着重指出 SPME 在环境有机污染物分析中具有广泛的应用前景。     

环境样品中多环芳烃的前处理技术

系统地综述了大气、水体、土壤和底泥以及其它环境样品中多环芳烃的前处理技术,对索氏提取、超声波提取、超临界流萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、微波辅助萃取、快速溶剂萃取等前处理技术在环境样品中的应用进行了概述和比较,并对环境样品中多环芳烃前处理技术的发展进行展望．     

固相微萃取法在水质监测中的应用

工业的发展带来了环境污染问题的加重,已经严重的对人们的生活环境造成了影响。随着人们环境保护意识的提高,环境监测技术也得到了前所未有的发展。水质监测在环境监测中占有非常重要的比重,本文就固相微萃取法在水质监测中的应用进行了综述,希望对提高水质监测技术有一定的参考意义。     

水体新型污染物现场快速富集方法的研究

该文采用新型胶束-乳液聚合法制备了两亲多孔吸附材料作为固相萃取吸附剂,并且为其配套研制了一种可用于现场大体积富集水质中痕量污染物的全自动固相萃取采样装置(LVED)。使用新研制的装置建立了LVED-HPLC-MS/MS方法快速测定环境水样中40种痕量新型污染物的方法,实验优化了大体积固相萃取条件并进行方法学验证,证明该方法具有良好的线性关系(r~2≥0.992),以及较低的检出限(0.002～0.10 ng/L)。将此方法用于实际环境水样中新型污染物的现场富集与检测,不同污染物的加标回收率分别为78.0%～107%,部分污染物实际检测浓度在0.05～90.5 ng/L。该方法是一种简便、快速、高效的现场大体积萃取环境水样中痕量新型污染物的新方法,具有应用和推广前景。     

快速溶剂萃取技术(ASE)在水环境监测中的比较研究及展望

萃取技术是一种样品前处理方法,可以用于水环境等领域的监测。其中较为受推崇的主要是快速萃取技术和固相萃取技术。本文通过快速萃取技术原理的简单分析,重点将其与传统的几种萃取技术进行了比较,并对未来的发展趋势作了简要展望。     

固相萃取技术及其研究进展

对固相萃取技术的原理和特点,萃取参数(吸附剂用量、背景体积及洗脱溶剂等)与萃取效率的规律,吸附剂的研究进展与发展趋势,以及目前的固相萃取在线联用技术等方面进行了阐述。该技术比传统液—液萃取用时短、二次污染小、选择性好,是一种很有前途的样品预处理技术。已广泛应用于环境样品中多环芳烃、农药、卤代烃、有机氯化合物、酚类等优先控制污染物的测定。     

Optimization of enrichment processes of pentachlorophenol (PCP) from water samples

The method of enriching PCP( pentachlorophenol ) from aquatic environment by solid phase extraction (SPE) was studied.Several factors affecting the recoveries of PCP, including sample pH, eluting solvent, eluting volume and flow rate of water sample, were optimized by orthogonal array design(OAD). The optimized results were sample pH 4; eluting solvent, 100% methanol; eluting solvent volume, 2 ml and flow rate of water sample, 4 ml/min. A comparison is made between SPE and liquid-liquid extraction(LLE) method. The recoveries of PCP were in the range of 87.6%-133.6% and 79%-120.3% for SPE and LLE, respectively. Important advantages of the SPE compared with the LLE include the short extraction time and reduced consumption of organic solvents. SPE can replace LLE for isolating and concentrating PCP from water samples.     

SPE—HPLC法分离偏二甲基耕在大鼠血中代谢产物

目的：建立偏二甲基耕在大鼠血中代谢产物的SPE－HPLC分离法。方法：以气管插入法染毒大鼠，心脏采血法收集染毒前后的血液做自身对照，用固相萃取法进行样品预处理，HPLC做梯度洗脱分析。结果：建立了偏二甲基肼在大鼠血中代谢产物的SPE－HPLC分离法。结论：采用目前的SPE－HPLC法分离偏二甲基耕在大鼠血中代谢产物的效果良好。     

Determination of volatile organic compounds in river water by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography

A simple, rapid, and reproducible method is described employing solid-phase extraction (SPE) using dichloromethane followed by gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection (FID) for determination of volatile organic compound(VOC) from the Buriganga River water of Bangladesh. The method was applied to detect the benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and cumene(BTEXC) in the sample collected from the surface or 15cm depth of water. Two-hundred ml of n-hexane-pretreated and filtered water samples were applied directly to a C18 SPE column. BTEXC were extracted with dichloromethane and average concentrations were obtained as 0. 104 to 0.372 μg/ml. The highest concentration of benzene was found as 0.372 μg/ml with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 6.2%, and cumene was not detected. Factors influencing SPE e.g., adsorbent types, sample load volume, eluting solvent, headspace and temperatures, were investigated. A cartridge containing a C18 adsorbent and using dichloromethane gave better performance for extraction of BTEXC from water. Average recoveries exceedina 90% could be achieved for cumene at 4℃ with a 2.7% RSD.     

圆盘式固相萃取HPLC法测定饮用水中微囊藻毒素LR和RR

采用固相微萃取与高效液相色谱联用技术（SPE／HPLC）测定饮用水的微囊藻毒索,并对SPE的萃取条件和HPLC的色谱条件进行了优化,对SPE的多项参数,诸如萃取率、检出限及测定限以及准确度和精密度均作了测试。通过实际水样进行了分析,该方法测定MC—LR（LR型微囊藻毒索）的线性范围为0．5～50ug／L,相关系数为0．9992;测定MC—RR（RR微囊藻毒索）的线性范围为0．5—50ug/L,相关系数为0．9989。SPE法之优于LLE法主要在于分析过程快速,有机溶剂使用量大大减少,方法更适合于大量水样中有机污染物的现场取样处理。     

活性炭纤维萃取浓缩水样中微量有机磷农药

采用活性炭纤维(ACF)为固相萃取剂填料,萃取测定水样中微量有机磷农药。研究分析了ACF用量、洗脱剂类型、农药初始质量浓度、水样过柱速度及pH等因素对萃取回收率的影响。结果表明:洗脱剂类型和ACF用量是显著的影响因素。最佳萃取条件为:含0 1μg L有机磷农药的1L加标水样,需0 2gACF和8mL二氯甲烷,水样过柱速度40mL min。pH对萃取影响不大。萃取回收率为80 7%～118%。      

焦化废水中痕量苯并(a)芘的固相萃取和GC-MS检测方法

基于固相萃取(SPE)和气相色谱/质谱联用技术(GC-MS),建立了一种焦化废水中痕量苯并(a)芘(BaP)的定量分析方法。BaP水样添加甲醇改性后经SPE富集净化、二氯甲烷洗脱、氮吹浓缩、二氯甲烷或乙腈定容后采用GC-MS进行定量分析。结果表明:在优化的样品前处理和分析条件下,BaP标准曲线的线性相关系数R2>0.99,方法回收率为79.6%~85.5%,方法检出限和定量限分别为4.33 ng/L和14.45 ng/L。该方法应用于内蒙古某焦化厂二级生化出水加标样品中BaP的测定,得到BaP的回收率为83.3%~89.3%,表明其灵敏度高、选择性好,适用于焦化废水中痕量BaP的定量检测。     

Detection of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol by liquid-liquid extraction-gas chromatograph mass spectrum (LLE-GCMS)and solid phase extraction-gas chromatograph mass spectrum (SPE-GCMS)

Two sample preparation methods were introduced and compared in this paper to establish a simple, quick and exact analysis of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol. LC-18 column was employed in solid phase extraction (SPE), 1.0 mL of hexane was adopted in liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), and the extracts were analyzed by gas chromatograph mass spectrum (GCMS) in selected ion mode. Mean recoveries of SPE were low for 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin (GSM) with values below 50%. For LLE, the recoveries were satisfyingly above 50% for 2-MIB and 80% for GSM. Detection limits of the LLE method were as low as 1.0 ng/L for GSM and 5.0 ng/L for 2-MIB. A year-long investigation on odor chemicals of drinking water in Shanghai demonstrated that in the summer, there was a serious odor problem induced by a high concentration of 2-MIB. The highest concentration of 152.82 ng/L appeared in July in raw water, while GSM flocculation was minimal with concentrations below odor threshold.     

固相萃取和高效液相色谱联用测定污水中的五氯苯酚

采用固相萃取和高效液相色谱相结合的方法对污水中五氯苯酚的含量进行定量检测。结果表明,污水的pH值为4,流速控制在4mL/L以内,C18固相萃取柱对五氯苯酚有良好的吸附保留性能,以2mL的甲醇洗脱,洗脱效率在85%~95%之间。与传统的液液萃取相比,固相萃取的优势在于操作时间缩短、有机溶剂的使用量减少。