经济手段对环境保护的作用

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剩余混凝土的技术处理与生态环境

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THE CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES THE CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG

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THE CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES THE CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG

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用二氧化氯降解废水中的苯胺类化合物（2）──降解机理的探讨

本文在上文（１）的基础上，进一步研究了经二氧化氯处理前后ＢＯＤ＿５／ＣＯＤ的变化规律，其比值大于或接近０．３．其降解产物有醌及醌的氧化产物和ＮＨＩ．对苯胺及二氧化氯来说其．反应级数为１，整个反应为二级反应．     

Kinetics of aniline oxidation with chlorine dioxide

For the first time, kinetics of aniline oxidation with chlorine dioxide(ClO2) were investigated systematically by detecting concentration of aniline with HPLC at regular intervals. Results showed that the reaction was first-order both in ClO2 and in aniline, and the oxidation reaction could be described as second-order reaction. Stoichiometric factor η was experimentally determined to be 2.44. The second-order-reaction rate constant k was 0.11L/(mol.s)under condition of pH 6.86 and water temperature(Tw) 287K. Reaction activation energy was 72.31 kJ/mol, indicating that the reaction could take place under usual water treatment conditions. The reaction rate constants in acidic and alkali media were greater than that in neutral medium. Chlorite ion could slightly increase reaction rate in acidic medium. p-aminophenol and azobenzene were detected by GC-MS as intermediates.     

光电催化降解苯胺的研究——单槽与双槽光反应器对比

以直接热氧化制备的TiO2为催化剂，采用单双槽光反应器，研究了水中苯胺的光电催化降解行为，结果表明：氧的还原反应不是光电催化反应的速率控制步骤，但氧的还原和还原产物能加快苯胺的光电催化降解速率，单槽光电反应器中，当pH由4．38升至10．30，苯胺降解反应速率是逐渐增大。当pH大于10．30后，反应速率迅速下降，使用双槽反应器，阳极室鼓氮气时，苯胺的反应速率始终随pH的升高而下降，而不阳极室鼓空气时，苯胺反应速率在pH9.0左右时最大，在相同的气氛条件下，苯胺在单槽的光电催化反应速率大于双槽的速率，利用光电流的大小可判断反应速率的快慢，但光电流的利用效率与溶液pH，氧和电压有关。     

光电催化降解苯胺的研究--外加电压的影响

以直接热氧化制备的TiO2为催化剂，研究了水中苯胺的光催化和光电催化降解行为。结果表明：外加阳极偏压可提高TiO2薄膜电极的光催化活性，但同时副反应速率增大更快，苯胺降解的光电流效率反而下降。     

医疗污水处理系统中污泥处理工程实践

分析了国内医疗污水处理系统中污泥消毒处理的现状和必要性,并对常用的几种污泥消毒处理的方法进行了比较,提出在不同的环境条件下,使用C IO2和石灰作消毒剂对医疗污水处理系统中污泥进行消毒的工艺路线。工程实践表明,此工艺稳定可靠,运行成本低廉,较好地做到经济和环境效益的统一。     

Synergistic removal of aniline by carbon nanotubes and the enzymes of Delftia sp. XYJ6

Synergistic removal of aniline by carbon nanotubes and the enzymes of Delftia sp. XYJ6, a newly isolated bacterial strain for biodegrading aniline, was investigated. It showed that biodegradation rate of aniline was increased with the augment of protein concentration in cell-free extract of Delftia sp. XYJ6. The adsorption amount of aniline by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was slightly higher than that by single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), however the adsorption amount of protein of Delftia sp. XYJ6 by MWCNTs was lower than that by SWCNTs. Much more amount of aniline could be removed by CE of Delftia sp. XYJ6 in the presence of SWCNTs than MWCNTs, which indicated that an efficient reaction between aniline and enzymes of Delftia sp. XYJ6 on the surface of SWCNTs played a key role in the rapid enzymatic biodegradation of aniline. This study is not previously reported and may be useful in basic research and the removal of aniline from wastewater.     

水中有机物臭氧化去除反应机理

随着臭氧化在水处理技术中应用日益增多,研究臭氧化去除水中有机物的机理日显重要。本文在介绍了决定水中臭氧化反应速率的二种反应,即直接反应和间接反应的基础上,着重讨论了芳族化合物、烯烃化合物、环状烯烃化合物,苯酚、苯、苯胺、硝基芳烃、喹啉、二甲基4氯酚氧基醋酸、油酸、有机硫磷化合物,甲醇、甲醛、甲酸和马拉硫磷等与臭氧的反应机理。      

专性好氧菌降解苯胺废水的动力学研究

研究了苯胺在专性好氧菌Ｏｃｈｒｏｂａｃｔｒｕｍａｎｔｈｒｏｐｉ(人苍白杆菌)作用下的降解规律,讨论苯胺初始浓度及菌种接种量对苯胺降解速率的影响,当初始浓度低于８００ｍｇ／Ｌ时降解速率随浓度增加而加快,高于１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ时则表现出抑制作用;在可降解浓度范围内,该专性好氧菌能将苯胺完全降解而消除其污染;此外,通过对解降过程动力学实验数据的分析计算,得出苯胺的降解反应在不同浓度范围内分别表现为零级或一级关系      

纳米级TiO_2/粉煤灰/UV催化臭氧化去除水中苯胺的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米TiO2/粉煤灰光催化剂,利用X射线衍射法对催化剂的物相和粒径进行了表征。通过苯胺光催化臭氧化降解实验,考察了pH、催化剂投加量、薄膜厚度等反应条件对苯胺降解效果的影响,并研究了苯胺光催化臭氧化降解的反应机理。实验结果表明,经550℃热处理后的TiO2主要以锐钛矿晶型存在,平均粒径为11.12 nm。降解反应遵循·OH机理,当催化剂投加量为5 g/1.5 L废水时,催化效果最好。     

Degradation kinetics and mechanism of aniline by heat-assisted persulfate oxidation

Oxidation of aniline by persulfate in aqueous solutions was investigated and the reaction kinetic rates under different temperature, persulfate concentration and pH conditions were examined in batch experiments. The results showed that, the aniline degradation followed pseudo first-order reaction model. Aniline degradation rate increased with increasing temperature or persulfate concentration. In the pH range of 3 to 11, a low aniline degradation rate was obtained at strong acid system (pH 3), while a high degradation rate was achieved at strong alkalinity (pH 11). Maximum aniline degradation occurred at pH 7 when the solution was in a weak level of acid and alkalinity (pH 5, 7 and 9). Produced intermediates during the oxidation process were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technology. And nitrobenzene, 4-4’-diaminodiphenyl and 1-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylhydrazine have been identified as the major intermediates of aniline oxidation by persulfate and the degradation mechanism of aniline was also tentatively proposed.