Prenatal diagnosis of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency: Results in SPFASH mice

Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency is a human X-chromosome-linked disease (McKusick 31125). The presence of OTC activity in the human placenta encouraged us to examine the possible diagnosis of the disease in an animal model (Spf^ash mice) by enzymatic assay on placental samples. A significant positive correlation (P< 0·02) was found between placental and hepatic activities; the pH dependence of OTC was similar in the placenta and liver when compared within normal or homozygous mutant mice. The apparent K_m (ornithine) and K_m (carbamoylphosphate) values of the enzyme did not show any significant differences when compared in both placentae and livers of normal fetuses. The use of OTC assay in the placenta for prenatal diagnosis of OTC deficiency in mouse fetuses obtained by the crossbreeding of Spf^ash/+ with +/Y has shown that our method has good diagnostic value. We made the diagnosis of OTC deficiency in male fetuses with a sensitivity and a specificity of 1·0. The + gene from the father in Spf^ash/ + animals is preferentially inactivated in extraembryonic tissues, explaining why very low placental OTC activity was observed in 12 of the 18 female fetuses studied. Because these 12 females have variable OTC activity in their livers, it is not possible to appreciate the true residual activity in their livers by measuring this activity in the placenta.     

土霉素在乙酸水溶液中的臭氧氧化降解研究

采用乙酸作为臭氧氧化降解土霉素（OTC）的介质,考察了臭氧/OTC初始投加量比、臭氧流量、自由基抑制剂叔丁醇（TBA）、金属离子等因素对OTC降解效果的影响.结果表明,臭氧在乙酸水溶液中有较好的稳定性和溶解度;OTC在乙酸溶液中具有较高的去除率和反应降解速率;随着OTC/臭氧初始投加量比的增加,OTC在乙酸中去除率明显减小;适当的臭氧流量,有利于OTC去除率的提高;添加叔丁醇能够明显抑制OTC在乙酸体系中的氧化降解,表明乙酸中同时存在直接臭氧氧化和间接臭氧氧化反应;当反应体系中存在Fe3＋和Co2＋时,OTC的氧化降解明显受到抑制.     

Aqueous oxytetracycline degradation and the toxicity change of degradation compounds in photoirradiation process

The extensive use of antibiotics has been a worldwide environmental issue.In this study the fate of oxytetracycline (OTC),under photoirradiation,was investigated.The results showed that OTC photolysis followed first order model kinetics.Direct photolysis rate was found to be dependent on the initial OTC concentration,with k value ranging from 0.0075 to 0.0141 min~(-1),in the OTC concentration from 40 to 10 mg/L.OTC photolysis was highly pH-dependent and strongly enhanced at a high pH value,with a k value...     

4种典型抗生素在反硝化体系中的去除特性

污水处理厂是抗生素的重要汇集场所,反硝化是污水处理厂生物脱氮的关键环节.为了探究抗生素在反硝化污泥体系的去除特性,选取诺氟沙星(NOR)、土霉素(OTC)、磺胺甲■唑(SMX)和甲氧苄啶(TMP),对比研究了其在不同碳源条件下的变化规律,评估了吸附和生物降解等途径对抗生素去除的贡献.结果表明,反硝化脱氮体系对NOR、 OTC和TMP具有一定的去除作用,且NOR和OTC可被用作碳源进行反硝化.反硝化污泥对NOR和OTC的去除是快速吸附和缓慢生物降解的过程,其中,吸附对NOR和OTC总去除量的贡献率分别达到83.5%和58.9%,生物降解的贡献率分别为16.5%和41.1%.在吸附过程中,胞外聚合物(EPS)吸附的贡献率达到40%以上,而在OTC的生物降解过程中,P450酶发挥重要作用,其贡献率达到20%.     

天然有机质对土霉素在西北灰钙土上吸附行为的影响

抗生素被广泛应用于日常生活中,大量含有抗生素的废弃物通过多种途径进入土壤给人类健康和土壤环境带来了严重危害,因此,探索抗生素类有机污染物在土壤中的吸附机理对土壤污染防治具有重要意义.以西北灰钙土为研究对象、以OTC（oxytetracycline,土霉素）为目标污染物,采用批量法分析灰钙土在添加有机质前、后对OTC的吸附动力学、热力学特征及其影响因素.结果表明:OTC的动力学吸附过程分快吸附阶段（0~2 h）和慢吸附阶段（2~10 h）,10 h之后吸附基本达到平衡,吸附过程拟合均符合准二级动力学模型.对不同温度下OTC在灰钙土上的吸附过程进行拟合显示,Langmuir和Freundlich热力学模型拟合的R2分别在0.930~0.985和0.967~0.973之间;对于不同初始ρ（OTC）在添加有机质灰钙土上的等温吸附过程,Langmuir和Freundlich热力学模型拟合的R2分别在0.952~0.988和0.936~0.971之间,表明这两种模型均可较好地解释此吸附过程;热力学参数ΔGθ（吉布斯自由能变）小于0,ΔHθ（焓变）和ΔSθ（熵变）均大于0,表明吸附为自发进行的混乱程度增大的吸热反应.添加外源性有机质HA（humic acid,胡敏酸）和FA（fulvic acid,富里酸）能增加OTC的吸附量,且自制有机质的促进作用大于市售有机质,HA的促进作用大于FA.随着初始ρ（OTC）的增大,吸附量呈增加趋势;Ca2+和Na+的加入均使OTC的吸附量减小,且离子浓度越高、价态越高,抑制效果越明显;不同pH对OTC吸附的影响均较小.研究显示,不同来源、种类的有机质均可促进OTC吸附,但不会改变吸附平衡时间;HA的疏水性较FA强,对OTC的吸附量较高;溶液pH对OTC吸附影响不显著,但不同价态、浓度的金属阳离子对OTC的吸附有较大影响.      

Performance of bimetallic nanoscale zero-valent iron particles for removal of oxytetracycline

In this study, bimetallic nanoscale zero-valent iron particles(nZVI), including copper/nanoscale zero-valent iron particles(Cu/nZVI) and nickel/nanoscale zero-valent iron particles(Ni/nZVI), were synthesized by one-step liquid-phase reduction and applied for oxytetracycline(OTC) removal. The effects of contact time and initial p H on the removal efficiency were studied. The as-prepared nanoscale particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). Finally, the degradation mechanisms of OTC utilizing the as-prepared nanoparticles were investigated by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and mass spectrometry(MS). Cu/n ZVI presented remarkable ability for OTC degradation and removed71.44% of OTC(100 mg/L) in 4 hr, while only 62.34% and 31.05% of OTC was degraded by Ni/nZVI and nZVI respectively. XPS and MS analysis suggested that OTC was broken down to form small molecules by ·OH radicals generated from the corrosion of Fe0. Cu/nZVI and Ni/n ZVI have been proved to have potential as materials for application in OTC removal because of their significant degradation ability toward OTC.     

溶解性有机质浓度及来源对土霉素测定的影响

作为天然水体中常见的物质,溶解性有机质(dissolved organic matter,DOM)对土霉素(oxytetracychine,OTC)测定有明显的影响。通过固相萃取和LC-MS-MS方法研究DOM浓度及来源对OTC测定的基本影响特征。结果表明:不同浓度DOM对OTC的测定影响呈现不稳定的规律;相同浓度但不同来源的DOM存在时,OTC回收率关系为:进口商品DOM<河底土壤DOM<国产商品DOM<沙土DOM≤无DOM。同时,直接用仪器测定单纯的DOM溶液基本不产生OTC的相关信号,这是由于DOM与OTC存在着某种作用关系而导致测定结果发生变化。研究结果可为抗生素类污染物的分析检测和数据校正提供重要参考。     

碱度和浊度对混凝去除磺胺甲唑与土霉素的影响

为研究不同碱度和浊度下抗生素SMZ(磺胺甲唑)和OTC(土霉素)的混凝去除特征,选择PAC(聚合氯化铝)为混凝剂,并分别以碳酸氢钠、高岭土调节碱度〔以ρ(CaCO₃)计〕和浊度进行混凝模拟试验. 结果表明:当浊度为10 NTU时,SMZ和OTC的混凝去除率随着c(PAC)(以Al3+计)的增加而增加;在碱度为100 mg/L、c(PAC)为0.35×10-3 mol/L时,浊度对抗生素的去除有一定的影响但不显著,对SMZ去除的影响大于OTC. c(PAC)为0 mol/L时,高岭土对目标抗生素的吸附去除率较低,表明对抗生素去除起主要作用的是PAC. 碱度对SMZ和OTC的混凝去除率影响显著,这种影响是通过同时影响PAC的水解产物形态和抗生素总电荷而发挥作用的. 碱度为0 mg/L时,SMZ与OTC的混凝去除率分别为6.79%、-3.42%;碱度为25、100 mg/L时,SMZ与OTC的混凝去除率明显增加,并且当c(PAC)<0.3×10-3 mol/L时,低碱度(25 mg/L)下抗生素的混凝去除率优于高碱度(100 mg/L),而当c(PAC)>0.3×10-3 mol/L时则相反. 研究显示,碱度和浊度对混凝去除抗生素均有明显影响,但碱度对混凝去除抗生素的影响大于浊度.      

土霉素对小麦种子发芽与幼苗生长发育的生态毒性

研究了土霉素对小麦种子发芽以及早期幼苗生长发育的生态毒性效应.结果表明,土霉素对小麦种子芽长及根长的抑制效应显著(p<0.01),而且它们之间具有良好的剂量-效应关系.根据线性回归方程得出土霉素对小麦种子芽长和根长的半抑制浓度为65.5 mg/L和34.7 mg/L.然而,土霉素对小麦种子的发芽率并没有显著的影响.研究还表明,0.15~2.4 mg/L土霉素暴露21 d后,小麦叶片中的叶绿素含量降低了35.6%~47.3%,叶片及根部的可溶性蛋白含量也均呈显著下降趋势.暴露7 d后,0.15~2.4 mg/L土霉素对小麦叶片和根部SOD与POD活性的抑制效应不显著,但随着暴露时间的延长,土霉素对小麦的SOD与POD酶活性抑制率显著下降;2.4 mg/L土霉素暴露21 d后,小麦根部的SOD活性下降72.3%,说明土霉素对小麦幼苗体内的抗氧化系统具有破坏作用.该实验结果显示,低浓度土霉素长期暴露对小麦幼苗的生长发育具有不良的生态毒性效应.     

2种孔径沸石分子筛对水中土霉素的去除研究

选择2种不同孔径的亲水性沸石分子筛5A和13X作为吸附材料,对水中的土霉素(OTC)进行吸附和脱附实验,重点考察pH、温度对吸附的影响,进行吸附动力学和热力学的计算,分析亲水性沸石分子筛的吸附机制.结果表明,2种分子筛对OTC均有较大的吸附量,吸附过程可用单层吸附模型拟合,在温度为298K、pH=7.0条件下5A和13X的饱和吸附量分别为667mg/g和1429mg/g;同一温度下13X的吸附量明显大于5A;二级动力学方程能较好地描述2种分子筛对OTC的吸附动力学,在解吸时,5A和13X分别得到91%和95%的OTC脱附率;溶液pH值对吸附影响较大,中性条件下分子筛对OTC的吸附量达到最大;热力学计算显示2种分子筛对OTC的吸附均属于自发的吸热反应,综合表观为化学氢键力占主导作用.     

Impacts of cadmium addition on the alteration of microbial community and transport of antibiotic resistance genes in oxytetracycline contaminated soil

The large-scale development in livestock feed industry has increased the chances of antibiotics and heavy metals contamination in the soil. The fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and microbial community in heavy metals and antibiotic contaminated soil is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of cadmium (Cd) addition on the transport of ARGs, microbial community and human pathogenic bacteria in oxytetracycline (OTC) contaminated soil. Results showed that the addition of OTC significantly increased the abundance of ARGs and intI1 in the soil and lettuce tissues. The addition of Cd to OTC treated soil further increased the abundance and translocation of ARGs and intI1. Moreover, Cd promoted the transfer of potential human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) into lettuce tissues. Compared with O10 treatment, the addition of Cd decreased the concentration of OTC in soil and lettuce tissue, but slightly increased the fresh weight of lettuce tissues. Redundancy analysis indicated that bacterial community succession is a major factor in ARGs variation. Network analysis indicated that the main host bacteria of ARGs were mainly derived from Proteobacteria. Correlation analysis showed that intI1 was significantly correlated with tetG, tetC, sul1, sul2, ermX, and ermQ. Meanwhile, potential HPB (Clostridium, and Burkholderia) was significantly correlated with intI1 and eight ARGs (tetG, tetC, tetW, tetX, sul1, sul2, ermX, and ermQ.). The findings of this study suggest that the addition of heavy metals to agricultural fields must be considered in order to reduce the transfer of ARGs in the soil and crops.     

Zn2+络合促进土霉素在粘土矿物表面的吸附

土霉素(OTC)和Zn2+作为饲料添加剂大量应用于畜禽养殖中,会通过畜禽粪便施用等方式进入土壤环境.研究了它们在粘土矿物上的吸附行为及其相互影响.结果发现,阳离子交换量大的蒙脱石对OTC的吸附系数(Kd)明显高于高岭石;而电荷属性的不同,导致2种粘土的Kd随pH呈现不同的趋势.Zn2+可对OTC吸附产生影响,在4相似文献   

纳米零价铁基生物炭活化过硫酸盐降解土霉素

采用纳米零价铁基生物炭(nZVI-BC)耦合过二硫酸钠(PDS)或过硫酸氢钾(PMS)构建吸附-高级氧化复合体系开展水中土霉素(OTC)的高效降解。考察了在不同PDS/PMS浓度、nZVI-BC投量、OTC浓度及初始pH条件下OTC的去除规律,并对体系中活性物种进行探究。结果表明:在0.20 mmol/L PDS/PMS,0.01 g nZVI-BC,50 mg/L OTC,原始pH为5.0±0.1条件下,OTC去除率可达到80%以上;SO₄-·在nZVI-BC/PDS体系中对OTC降解占有绝对主导地位(贡献度为57.00%),nZVI-BC/PMS体系则主要依靠SO₄-·、O₂-·和1O₂。     

土壤粉碎粒径对土霉素在土壤中吸附的影响

为了探明土壤粉碎粒径对土霉素在土壤上吸附的影响,以2个性质差异较大的潮土和紫色土为供试土壤,采用批量平衡法,研究了土霉素在不同粉碎粒径的2种土壤上的吸附行为.结果表明,①潮土和紫色土对土霉素的吸附量均随时间逐渐增大,最后在24 h时趋于平衡.一级动力学方程模型、抛物线模型、Elovich模型、双常数模型可以较好地拟合土...     

纳米Fe/Co催化降解土霉素效果及影响因素研究

为探究液相还原法制备的纳米Fe/Co催化剂的类芬顿催化效果,以单因素分析法研究了pH、OTC（土霉素）初始质量浓度、H₂O₂摩尔浓度和催化剂用量对纳米Fe/Co催化剂催化性能的影响,并通过SEM（扫描电子显微镜）和BET（比表面积测试仪）对纳米Fe/Co催化剂进行表征,进一步研究了纳米Fe/Co催化剂对OTC模拟废水的催化降解效果.结果表明:①纳米Fe/Co催化剂可以有效地改善催化体系的pH使用范围,在pH为3.0~11.0范围内,纳米Fe/Co催化剂对浓度为100 mg/L OTC的去除率（94.0%）高于纳米Fe催化剂（85.0%）;低浓度OTC有利于提高污染物的去除率,而高浓度的OTC有利于提高反应速率;H₂O₂摩尔浓度为200 mmol/L时,纳米Fe/Co催化剂对OTC的去除率最高（93.8%）;纳米Fe/Co催化剂用量为6 g/L时,其对OTC的去除率最高（92.8%）.②纳米Fe/Co催化剂粒径为20~30 nm,比表面积较高,为121.3 m2/g.③纳米Fe/Co催化剂在重复利用13次后OTC去除率仍在50.0%以上,其重复利用性能良好.研究显示,纳米Fe/Co催化剂对OTC废水具有较好的催化性能、重复利用性能以及较宽的pH使用范围,可为含抗生素废水处理提供理论支撑.      

改性菱角壳生物炭吸附水中土霉素性能与机理

以菱角壳为原料,乙酸钾为活化剂,通过活化碳化一步法制备了改性生物炭（MBC）,对其表面形貌、孔径分布、官能团等表面性能进行了表征,并研究了其对水中盐酸土霉素（OTC）的吸附去除行为.相比于热解生物炭（BC）,MBC有更高的比表面积（1147.80m²/g）、更丰富的孔径结构,更多的含氧官能团和更强的亲水性.溶液pH值在3~8时,MBC对OTC保持较高的吸附量（165mg/g）.拟二级动力学模型和Langmuir模型可以很好地描述MBC对OTC的吸附行为.热力学分析显示MBC对OTC的吸附是一个自发吸热过程.除氢键作用、π-π键堆积作用和阳离子-π键作用以外,孔填充是MBC吸附去除OTC的主要作用机理.0.5mol/L氢氧化钠溶液可有效再生吸附饱和的MBC.因此,MBC作为一种吸附剂去除水和废水中的土霉素具有较好的潜能.     

氧四环素的微生物燃料电池处理及微生物群落

氧四环素(OTC)作为一种广谱性抗生素而被大量使用,其滥用不仅直接破坏生态系统,更容易引起微生物耐药性和抗性基因污染等问题.本研究利用微生物燃料电池(MFC)处理OTC,研究OTC在MFC不同运行时期的去除率变化情况,发现在运行150 d后,MFC对10 mg·L-1OTC的去除率在132 h达到99.0%.利用高通量测序技术分析并比较了原始接种猪粪与运行150 d后MFC阳极生物膜的微生物群落结构,发现厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)处于优势地位,但相比于原始接种猪粪,MFC生物膜上的变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的丰度从2.84%提高至8.92%~22.75%,此外,真细菌属(Eubacterium)的比例从几乎为0.00%显著提高至20.49%~49.00%.根据现有研究报道,Eubacterium spp.对多种氧杂环芳香族化合物具有一定的生物降解能力,本研究表明Eubacterium spp.可能是一类具有较强OTC降解能力的功能微生物.     

Identification of duchenne muscular dystrophy genomic probe P20 constant Taq1 fragment corresponding to the EcoRV and Msp1 polymorphisms

The majority of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy cases are caused by deletions observable in Southern blots with cDNA probes for the gene. When the deletion includes polymorphic probes, they may be used to determine carrier status by deletion segregation analysis: non-inheritance of parental alleles, or heterozygosity. The polymorphic genomic probe P20 is deleted in a large percentage of probands. P20 hybridizes with two constant fragments of 6.7 and 0.8 kb in Taql digests. In a number of probands, only the larger P20 Taq1 fragment is deleted. This study demonstrates that this fragment corresponds with the polymorphic EcoRV and Mspl fragments of P20. Families in which the upper Taql fragment is deleted may be screened for carrier status using non-inheritance of parental alleles or heterozygosity of P20 in EcoRV or Mspl digests.     

原料和制炭方式对生物炭吸附抗生素的影响

为研究原料和制炭方法对生物炭吸附抗生素性能的影响,选取芦苇、棉杆和竹柳,经限氧和曝氧法制备得到生物炭,研究其对土霉素（OTC）和磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）的吸附性能及其吸附机理.研究发现：物源特征和制炭方法共同决定了生物炭对抗生素的吸附功效.芦苇和棉秆宜采用限氧法制备成炭,竹柳宜采用曝氧法制备成炭;整体上以曝氧竹柳炭对抗生素的吸附性能最优,单一浓度（50mg/L）下,其对OTC和SMX的吸附量分别为11.98和10.12mg/g.批吸附实验和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析表明,π-π EDA相互作用是竹柳炭吸附抗生素的主要机理.静电吸引有助于高pH值下曝氧竹柳炭对OTC的吸附,而孔隙填充可能对曝氧竹柳炭吸附SMX起到促进作用.曝氧竹柳炭对抗生素的吸附性能优于其他炭品,是去除水体抗生素的优选材料.     

土霉素对SBR系统细菌的抑制效应与机制研究

基于SBR系统,从脱氮过程、化学需氧量(COD)的去除过程、胞外聚合物(EPS)的总量变化过程、比呼吸速率(SOUR)的变化过程及微生物群落的变化等多个角度出发,较系统地研究了不同浓度土霉素对SBR系统的冲击作用.结果表明,由于土霉素(OTC)的作用,系统氨氮去除率从空白对照组的99.0%分别下降至77.2%(OTC 1 mg·L~(-1))、47.4%(OTC 5 mg·L~(-1))及10.0%(OTC 10 mg·L~(-1)).此外,高浓度土霉素(10mg·L~(-1))引起EPS分泌量和异养菌SOUR分别下降至空白组的44.3%和41.2%.由高通量分析可得,由于高浓度土霉素(5 mg·L~(-1)以上)的作用,活性污泥中微生物的多样性显著下降,且微生物的群落结构也发生显著变化.属层面的分析可得,高浓度土霉素(5 mg·L~(-1)以上)反应器中的部分氨氧化菌,如Nitrospira和Nitrosomonas均受到了抑制.