空气污染对气候变化的影响与反馈

由于社会的不断的发展和科技的不断的提升,工业生产也得到了很大的发展,但是也正是由于工业的发展和人们不重视植被的保护,导致大量的污染物排放在空气中,从而导致了很严重的空气污染问题,并且现在的地方都出现的极端的天气,就目前的相关的调查来看,气候的变化和空气污染有很大的关系,基于此本文对于空气污染对气候变化的影响与反馈进行了相关的分析,希望可以通过下面的一些分析,让人们意识到空气对污染对于人类的生存环境的危害,从而增强人们的环境的保护意识,保护我们共同的地球家园。     

公路工程的环境影响评价及其方法

一项公路工程的环境评价不应视为一点一时的单项独立的活动，而是应做为与规划、设计、建设和运行的项目周期成一体化的一项过程．一项典型完整的环境评价，包括现有条件的文件提供、影响的鉴别和可供选择方案的审查．特殊的环境评价主要是集中在减轻环境影响的措施上。规划性环境评价也用于更广泛的政策和指导性报告，它们适用的范围超过了单项的工程项目．评价方法应包括筛选和确定范围．筛选：用来决定要求的环境研究的深度．从审查项目的规模和类型、可能影响的程度以及项目地点的敏感度，它的确定是需要一份正式的环境评价报告，还是一些稍，］＼程度的研究，或者根本不需要研究．确定范围：决定一项环境评价研究的程度、覆盖的区域、所考虑的影响以及所评价的时间范围．一份典型的全面环境评价的报告．包括项目的说明、原始资料、影响预测、可供选择方案的分析、减轻影响的计划，以及培训和监督协议。如果预期的影响是限定的，那么更特定的环境评价研究可能是合适的．这些通常采取单独的减轻计划，重点放在需要避免、减轻或补偿已鉴定的环境影响的实际阶段．与有影响的集团．以及其他有利益关系的组织，个人和政府机构进行磋商常常是这些的重要组成部分．     

浅谈不同源水和回用途径的再生水处理工艺的选择

对于目前我国再生水的实际的相关的使用情况,针对不同的源水的不同水质以及不同的回用途径,选择相应的再生水的处理工艺,以供相关的技术人员进行相应的参考。     

暖通空调系统节能与优化控制策略

社会在不断的发展,科技在不断的进步,我国的建筑事业也在不断的进步。在建筑事业的发展之中,提高建筑的舒适性、环保性在能源紧缺的今天显得十分重要。重视建筑的节能性设计和施工是使建筑事业迈入可持续发展的必由之路,优秀的节能方案就是对建筑的建设的原材料节约,减少人力的消耗,通过一定的措施提高能源的利用率。在建筑设计中对建筑的暖通空调进行系统节能设计符合这一时代的主旋律。笔者根据多年的从业经验对暖通空调系统优化和优化设计进行了阐述,对暖通空调存在的功能耗问题进行了讨论,并提出相应的解决措施。希望使暖通空调的能耗达到我国环保的综合指标,使建筑事业走入可持续发展的道路。     

浅谈环境保护与可持续发展

随着科技的进步,带动了经济的发展,社会的发展等,但是也同样也对环境造成了严重的问题。环境恶化的加剧会对人们的生活造成巨大的影响,所以对于环境的保护与可持续发展就成为了当今社会上的头等重要的事情之一了。众所周知的是环境的保护是可持续发展的前提,因此本文就对环境保护和可以持续发展的相互关系,针对现在的一系列环境问题和可持续发展一些方案提出个人的一些见解,为保护环境和构造可持续发展做出自己的一份贡献。     

论我国环境保护的公众参与制度

随着我国经济的快速发展,随之而来产生的环境问题也越来越凸现出来,环境保护已经是我们生活所必须关注的问题。在环境保护的过程中,政府是要起到相应的作用,可是积极的让公众参与进环境保护的过程中来也是至关重要的。在环境保护的过程中,公众有权平等的参与环境保护的一系列活动,在探讨环境保护的公众参与制度的同时,我们也发现了当前公众参与存在的问题以及提出的相关的建议。     

浅析大气污染治理技术

随着社会主义市场经济的发展,工业化进程的加快,当今社会已经逐渐的以环保为主题。大气污染问题成为人们身心健康的重要的影响因素,我国在发展工业的进程当中同时注重大气污染的处理,并且取得了一定的成效。但是由于大气污染的检测难度较大,使得大气污染的治理始终不能良好的解决。本文针对大气污染进行相应的分析,并针对相关的问题采取一定的措施。     

关注后进生的转化

<正>一个好的班级应该是和谐的,是进取的,是团结的。一个好的班级的学生应该是均衡发展的,是积极向上的。一个好的班级的领导核心应该是一个富有爱心的班主任。一个好的班级犹如一木桶水,决定容纳水的多少的应该是那最短的一块木板。班级中的后进生就是那块短板,一个班级不可能都是尖子生,每一个班级都会有后进生,那么,为了提高班级的整体水平,实现我们要求每一个学生均衡全面发展的愿望,后进生的转化问题无疑就是班主任工作中的重点。班主任,是班级的核心,是班级的领导者和管理者,更是一个教育工作者。教育的     

哲理漫画赏析:价值在于奉献

<正>赏析:对于价值,不同的评价主体从不同的立场或用不同的尺度,会得出不同的结论。大体上,对人的价值评价可分为两种,即从个人角度出发的"自我评价"及从他人、社会角度出发的"社会评价"。在马克思主义看来,人的自我价值总是与人的社会价值相联系并从属于社会价值的,因此,人的价值评价的尺度归根到底应是社会的尺度,而不应是个人的尺度。运用社会的尺度评价人的价值,就是要看他对社会的贡献。人的价值的真正所在,也就在于对社会的贡献之中。爱因斯坦说:"一个人的价     

用包裹体测定压力的方法

成矿物理化学条件的研究,对于查明矿化成因、成矿规律以及指导找矿勘探具有十分重要的意义。成矿溶液的温度、压力,pH、Eh、成分及浓度是成矿过程中重要的物理化学参数。随着生产的发展和科研的逐步深入,了解这些参数是很重要的。作为成矿的物理化学因素,压力的意义是很大的。压力的变化如同溶液的温度、成分和浓度的变化一样能引起成矿过程的重大变化。 多数内生矿床通常是在较深的部位形成的,即在较大的静水压力下形成的。静水压力的大小取决于深度,并用地压梯度来表示     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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