人工湿地在辽河流域面源污染治理中的应用

针对辽河流域特定的气候条件并结合自身研究成果,从人工湿地类型的选择、湿地植物在去除氮磷中的作用、人工湿地对废水水质和水量的要求等方面对人工湿地进行了综述。通过对国外人工湿地治理面源污染的实际工程以及辽河流域已经开展的人工湿地治理工程的分析,说明人工湿地是一种有效缓解辽河流域面源污染的技术手段。     

松花江流域面源污染特征与防治对策

在概述松花江流域水环境状况的基础上,分析了其面源污染的特征,农药流失、超量和不合理施用化肥、规模化养殖、生产、生活污水排放是流域面源污染的主要来源。结合面源污染特征等因素,有针对性地确定治理技术,如加强对面源污染防治工作重要性的认识、作好面源污染监测和防治技术示范推广工作、发展循环型农业等,提出了保护与治理可行的污染防治对策。     

重金属钼的迁移特性及人工湿地处理研究

针对重金属钼污染的面源性及重金属传统处理工艺的一些弊端,综合国内外人工湿地治理重金属污染研究现状,提出了用人工湿地治理重金属钼污染的构思。环境中重金属钼主要来源于钼尾矿中辉钼矿的氧化而淋滤释放的MoO42-。由于土壤和水体中酸碱和氧化还原环境的差异,钼的存在形态具有易变特征,并影响着钼的迁移过程。基于钼迁移特征的研究成果,本文从植物、基质、微生物三方面对人工湿地处理钼污染进行了系统的分析。结论表明,人工湿地处理重金属钼具有一定的应用价值,为我国人工湿地治理重金属钼污染的研究开展以及实际工程应用提供理论支持。     

聚焦人工湿地技术

近年来，人工湿地作为一种生态土地处理技术，以其低耗、高效等优点，广泛用于生活污水、暴雨径流、农村点源和面源污染以及湖泊富营养化等方面的治理，并取得了显著的成就。目前，人工湿地技术研究正成为污水处理中的热点。     

人工湿地在云南高原湖泊面源污染控制中的应用

对云南省部分人工湿地进行调查研究,对人工湿地的工艺、湿地植物和湿地的处理效果进行了分析,结果表明人工湿地在面源污染控制方面具有良好的应用前景。     

人工湿地在城市住宅生态建设中的应用

根据城市生态住区水资源利用特点,在生态住区采用人工湿地技术实现中水回用、湖水水质保持、雨水利用及面源污染治理等功能,为住区生态建设开辟新途径。     

人工湿地在城市住宅生态建设中的应用

根据城市生态住区水资源利用特点,在生态住区采用人工湿地技术实现中水回用、湖水水质保持、雨水利用及面源污染治理等功能,为住区生态建设开辟新途径。     

人工湿地在云南高原湖泊面源污染控制中的应用

对云南省部分人工湿地进行调查研究,对人工湿地的工艺、湿地植物和湿地的处理效果进行了分析,结果表明人工湿地在面源污染控制方面具有良好的应用前景.     

农业面源污染及防治对策

农村面源污染源分布广泛,没有确切位置,其治理一直是个难题.由于化肥和农药的大量使用,农业面源污染已成为我国农村生态环境恶化的重要原因之一.本文对农业面源污染的特点、危害和现状进行了论述,并提出防治农业面源污染的具体防治对策和建议.     

中国水污染防治应把农业面源污染防治提上日程

正党的十九大报告指出要坚决打好污染防治攻坚战,农业面源是污染防治的重点领域。长期以来,中国的污染防治呈现"重城市、轻农村,重工业、轻农业,重点源、轻面源"的特征。随着中国对工业点源污染的大力治理,面源污染对水体污染所占比重呈上升趋势,而农业面源污染是中国水体面源污染的最主要组     

深圳市湿地保护与利用模式研究

深圳市湿地类型有近海及海岸湿地、河流湿地、湖泊湿地和人工湿地共4大类,总面积12 188.57 hm2,占深圳市国土面积的6.12%。本研究提出深圳市湿地保护和利用模式。湿地保护模式分重点保护湿地和一般保护湿地两个层次,重点加强湿地自然保护区的保护与管理。湿地利用模式划分为防护型湿地、资源利用型湿地、水质净化型湿地和湿地公园。水质净化人工湿地作为一种新型高效生态水质净化技术,可应用于污水处理厂尾水深度处理、河水水质净化、面源污染控制与水源保护等领域。湿地公园是对城市湿地面积缩减的弥补和平衡,具有综合生态服务功能,对城市湿地保护和可持续发展具有重要意义。     

采油废水人工湿地处理效果及植物作用分析

采用水平潜流人工湿地中试系统处理采油废水,考察湿地植物生长状况对污染物去除效果的影响,运用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术分析湿地植物对有机污染的吸附情况,并分析了湿地植物对氮、磷的吸收效果。研究结果表明:人工湿地出水达GB 8987—1996《污水综合排放标准》中的一级标准。湿地植物的生长状况与人工湿地的COD及NH 4+-N去除率呈现一定的耦合关系。芦苇及藨草均能吸附多种难降解有机污染物。植物吸收是人工湿地去除氮、磷的途径之一,但并非主要途径。     

人工湿地除氮机理模型的研究进展

人工湿地污水处理系统在传统除氮、控制水环境非点源污染和水体富营养化治理方面,具有广阔的应用前景。但人工湿地除氮过程复杂,其除氮机制尚处于定性研究阶段。为定量描述人工湿地除氮机制,数学模型是一种有效的方法。本文主要总结介绍了人工湿地的除氮机制及其模型研究进展,旨在为今后的湿地应用提供有益的参考。     

Modeling the e ects of constructed wetland on nonpoint source pollution control and reservoir water quality improvement

This article describes the integrated modeling approach for planning the size and the operation of constructed wetlands for maximizing retention of nonpoint source pollutant loads and reservoir water-quality improvement at a catchment scale. The experimental field-scale wetland systems (four sets, 0.88 ha each) have been in operation since 2002, where water depth was maintained at 30–50 cm and hydraulic loading rate was at 6.3–18.8 cm/day. The wetland system was found to be adequate for treating polluted stream water with stable removal e ciency even during the winter. The integrated modeling system (modified-BASINS) was applied to the Seokmoon estuarine reservoir watershed and calibrated with monitoring data from constructed wetland, stream, and reservoir. The calibrated integrated modeling system estimated that constructing wetlands on 0.5% (about 114 ha) of the watershed area at the mouth of reservoir could reduce 11.61% and 13.49% of total external nitrogen and phosphorus loads, respectively. It also might improve the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of the reservoir by 9.69% and 16.48%, respectively. The study suggested that about 0.1%–1.0% of the watershed area should be allocated for constructed wetland to meet specified water-quality standards for the estuarine reservoir at the polder area where land use planning is relatively less complicated.     

Modeling the effects of constructed wetland on nonpoint source pollution control and reservoir water quality improvement

This article describes the integrated modeling approach for planning the size and the operation of constructed wetlands for maximizing retention of nonpoint source pollutant loads and reservoir water-quality improvement at a catchment scale.The experimental field-scale wetland systems (four sets,0.88 ha each) have been in operation since 2002,where water depth was maintained at 30–50 cm and hydraulic loading rate was at 6.3–18.8 cm/day.The wetland system was found to be adequate for treating polluted stream water with stable removal efficiency even during the winter.The integrated modeling system (modified-BASINS) was applied to the Seokmoon estuarine reservoir watershed and calibrated with monitoring data from constructed wetland,stream,and reservoir.The calibrated integrated modeling system estimated that constructing wetlands on 0.5% (about 114 ha) of the watershed area at the mouth of reservoir could reduce 11.61% and 13.49% of total external nitrogen and phosphorus loads,respectively.It also might improve the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of the reservoir by 9.69% and 16.48%,respectively.The study suggested that about 0.1%–1.0% of the watershed area should be allocated for constructed wetland to meet specified water-quality standards for the estuarine reservoir at the polder area where land use planning is relatively less complicated.     

树皮填料补充碳源人工湿地脱氮初步试验研究

人工湿地可应用于城市污水厂出水深度处理和农业污染治理,但反硝化碳源不足问题制约了其脱氮能力.本试验利用树皮作为垂直流人工湿地强化反硝化脱氮填料,分析了水力负荷、硝酸盐负荷以及pH对人工湿地脱氮效果的影响.结果表明,人工湿地可以达到预期的反硝化水平,反硝化速率随水力负荷、硝酸盐负荷的增加而增大,去除率随两者的增加而减小,...     

人工湿地去除抗生素抗性基因的研究进展

抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）在环境中的污染现状和危害逐渐受到重视.常规的水处理工艺在减少抗生素耐药菌（ARB）方面表现出非常好的效果.然而,即使在消毒过程中ARB完全失活,产生游离的ARGs也可能通过转化或转导等手段整合到其他微生物体内,使ARGs在环境中传播和扩散.因此,需要有特定的工艺处理废水中的ARGs.人工湿地是目前有效且经济环保的废水处理工艺,并且已有大量研究表明在去除抗生素和ARGs方面有显著效果.通过综述目前国内外人工湿地水处理系统对ARGs的去除效率的研究进展,结果表明,潜流人工湿地相较于表面流人工湿地对ARGs的去除效率更高.人工湿地对ARGs的去除效率因人工湿地强化类型、植物、温度和pH等因素而异,在去除环境中ARGs的应用有广阔的前景,同时也面临挑战.     

水环境非点源污染模型研究

随着工业污染源的有效控制,非点源污染已经成为我国重要污染类型之一,如何科学地认识并有效控制非点源污染已成为研究课题.在此介绍了非点源的基础工具--非点源模型的主要类型、结构和特点,并对目前主要的非点源模型进行了比较分析,探讨了非点源模型发展的趋势.     

Effect of carbon source on the denitrification in constructed wetlands

The ability of constructed wetlands with di erent plants in nitrate removal were investigated. The factors promoting the rates of denitrification including organic carbon, nitrate load, plants in wetlands, pH and water temperature in field were systematically investigated. The results showed that the additional carbon source (glucose) can remarkably improve the nitrate removal ability of the constructed wetland. It demonstrated that the nitrate removal rate can increase from 20% to more than 50% in summer and from 10% to 30% in winter, when the nitrate concentration was 30–40 mg/L, the retention time was 24 h and 25 mg/L dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was ploughed into the constructed wetland. However, the nitrite in the constructed wetland accumulated a little with the supply of the additional carbon source in summer and winter, and it increased from 0.15 to 2 mg/L in the e uent. It was also found that the abilities of plant in adjusting pH and temperature can result in an increase of denitrification in wetlands. The seasonal change may also impact the denitrification.