Martelella sp. AD-3强化活性污泥耐盐降解菲效能

基于嗜盐菌Martelella sp. AD-3优配市政活性污泥搭建耐盐高效降解菲的生物反应器,在3.0 %盐度,进水菲浓度20mg/L的运行条件下,菲去除率高达97 %.批次实验证明,盐度为3.0 %,pH值为7.5~8.5,底物浓度为20~200mg/L是菲降解的最佳环境条件,此时污泥比活性高于1.0mg/(gVSS×h).各共存底物的受试浓度下,酵母提取物和苯酚促进菲降解,镉和氰化物则抑制该过程,乙酸钠、铜、铬对该过程没有明显影响.16S rRNA基因高通量测序结果表明AD-3菌在反应器内具有长期稳定性,其相对丰度维持在1.5 %.Shinella、Microbacterium和Brevundimonas是反应器中的优势菌,其相对丰度分别为20.7 %,15.1 %和11.9 %.RT-qPCR结果显示接种AD-3菌后,编码PAHs双加氧酶RHDa的功能基因差异倍数从2.1提升至11.7.     

嗜盐菌群在甲苯降解过程中群落结构的变化解析

从胜利油田的高盐油污土壤中富集到1个高效降解BTEX(苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯)的嗜盐菌群,分析了菌群在甲苯降解过程中的群落结构变化.结果表明,该菌群在5%盐度下可完全降解200mg/L甲苯.PCR-DGGE图谱显示,随着甲苯的加入,该菌群的优势种属由Bacillus sp.和Bacillus aquimaris转变为Thalassospira xiamenensis、Pseudomonas stutzeri、Virgibacillus sp.和Bacillus sp..这4种微生物在整个降解过程中稳定存在,且在降解完成后24h内没有衰亡的迹象.另外,该菌群可以降解菲,显示了降解多种芳香族化合物的能力.     

低温耐盐芘降解菌的筛选鉴定及降解特性研究

低温条件(10℃)下,采用定时定量转接、间歇式逐步提高PAHs浓度的方法,从天津滨海湿地石油污染土壤中获得能以多环芳烃芘为唯一碳源和能源生长的菌群H和纯化菌株DYC-1,经生理生化和16S rDNA基因序列BLAST对比结果分析,菌株DYC-1属于红球菌属(Rhodococcus)降解特性分析结果表明,10℃低温条件下,红球菌DYC-1与菌群H降解能力相似,对20mg/L芘的15d降解率达到35%以上;红球菌DYC-1具有较好的耐盐能力和较广的降解底物谱,菌株DYC-1的最优降解条件为:低温10℃,盐度2%的条件下,在PH8,摇床转速为110r/min,接菌量为5%时,对于初始浓度为20mg/L的芘能达到35%以上的降解率.     

极端嗜盐菌Halomonas elogata的分离鉴定及其降解偶氮染料活性兰BRF的条件优化研究

从新疆地区土壤中经驯化、分离纯化得到一株极端嗜盐菌,并对其形态特征、生理生化特性及16S rDNA同源性进行了检索比较,鉴定该菌株为伸长盐单胞菌(Halomonas elogata);其次,考察了不同因素对菌株降解偶氮染料--活性兰BRF的影响,比较了不同盐度条件下的降解率,并在30℃、5%盐度生长条件下采用单因素实验考察了该菌接菌量、染料初始浓度、初始pH等因素对活性兰BRF72h降解率的影响,采用正交试验L9(33)获得适宜的降解条件;最后,通过紫外-可见吸收光谱分析了降解产物.结果表明,该菌株耐盐范围为0～32%,最适生长盐度为5%～20%;在盐度为3%～25%条件下该菌株对活性兰BRF的降解率随着盐度的升高先升后降,5%盐度下的降解效果最佳;在30℃、5%盐度下适宜降解条件为:染料浓度100mg·L-1,pH=7,接菌量5%,72h的降解率为88.62%.紫外-可见光谱结果显示,降解产物的光谱与活性兰BRF的明显不同,可见光区的吸收峰消失,正己烷萃取液无紫外吸收,二氯甲烷萃取液出现两个紫外吸收峰,推测为芳胺类及杂环类等极性化合物;质谱分析证实,降解产物合苯甲基二胺、2,6-氨基苯酚等极性化合物.     

BTEX降解嗜盐菌群的多样性及其降解特性

从胜利油田采油井口的盐碱化油污土壤中富集分离出一个高效降解BTEX的嗜盐菌群,通过PCR-DGGE技术和16S rDNA序列分析,确定该菌群主要由海杆菌属(Marinobacter)、盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、食碱菌属(Alcanivorax),梭菌属(Clostridium)的细菌等组成.在5%盐度的海盐培养基中,该降解菌群可以在56h内将100mg·L-1的苯完全降解,在112h内将20-400mg·L-1的BTEX混合底物完全降解.进一步的研究结果表明,菌群的盐度适应范围为5%～20%,在pH=6.5～9.5的范围内均可以降解苯,最佳pH=7.5.降解菌群在20～45℃下均可高效降解苯,30℃为最佳降饵温度.微量酵母粉(0.01%～0.02%)的添加可以显著提高菌群的降解速率1.3～1.7倍.     

一株中度耐盐硝基苯降解菌的鉴定及降解特性

在高盐度(1%NaCl)条件下,从某制药厂曝气池的活性污泥中驯化、分离得到1株以硝基苯为唯一碳源的高效降解菌株N18,并通过菌体形态、生理生化反应特性、全细胞脂肪酸组分分析及16SrRNA基因测序分析对其进行初步鉴定.结果表明,菌株N18为蜡样芽胞杆菌(Bacilluscereus).该菌株利用硝基苯生长的最佳条件为接种量10%、生长温度30℃、pH=7.外加葡萄糖或乙酸钠可使硝基苯降解率分别由72.70%提高到82.62%和79.25%(硝基苯初始浓度为200mg.L-1,72h).在盐度为1%～3%时,硝基苯的降解情况基本不变,甚至在盐度为10%时仍能降解硝基苯,说明菌株N18为中度耐盐细菌.当150mg.L-1的苯酚或75mg.L-1的苯胺与200mg.L-1的硝基苯共存时,菌株仍能有效降解硝基苯.菌株对硝基苯的最大耐受浓度为400mg.L-1.     

一株菲降解菌的鉴定及降解特性

从沈阳北部污水处理厂曝气池活性污泥中驯化和分离得到一株以菲为碳源的降解菌株W12,根据菌株形态和16S r DNA基因测序分析,该菌株鉴定为耳炎假单胞菌(Pseudomonas otitidis.).该菌株降解菲的最佳环境条件为:温度为30℃,p H值为7.0,摇床转速为170 r·min-1,接种量为10%,盐度为0.5%;菲初始质量浓度为1000 mg·L-1培养96 h后,降解率为65.80%,且对菲的最大耐受浓度为2000 mg·L-1;加入蛋白胨和酵母膏后,降解率分别提高到75.65%和70.85%.     

菲反硝化降解菌群的富集及其群落结构解析

从潜在多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs)污染的油田区域采集土壤样品,以菲为唯一碳源且添加硝酸根的培养基来富集土壤中的菲反硝化降解菌群.随后,通过定量PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction)测定了获取的富集菌群中反硝化相关功能基因(硝酸还原酶基因nar G、亚硝酸还原酶基因nir S)的丰度,并通过Illumina Mi Seq测序对其中的细菌群落结构进行解析.结果表明,获取到的3个菌群(PDN-1、PDN-2和PDN-3)12 d内对菲的降解率分别为45.18%、34.04%和25.92%.各富集培养菌群中nar G的丰度均高于nir S,且菲降解率最高的PDN-1中的反硝化相关基因丰度较低.Illumina Mi Seq测序结果表明,菲降解率最高的富集菌群PDN-1同时也具有较高的细菌多样性指数,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)是各富集菌群中的优势菌门,且Proteobacteria在3个富集菌群PDN-1(97.78%)、PDN-2(96.57%)、PDN-3(93.90%)中的比例均最高.变形菌门的Pseudomonas(γ-Proteobacteria)和Methylophilus(β-Proteobacteria)则是各富集菌群中最大的优势菌属,前者为公认的PAHs降解菌,而后者则为能够利用还原型"一碳化合物"的特殊菌属.细菌多样性与菲的降解率呈正相关,表明菲的反硝化降解可能是多种细菌参与的共同结果.上述结果可为揭示典型PAHs反硝化降解的微生物机制提供理论依据,同时为深入研究反硝化与菲代谢的偶联机理打下基础.     

2株降解菲的植物内生细菌筛选及其降解特性

为了获得具有菲降解特性的植物内生细菌,通过选择性富集培养,本研究从多环芳烃污染区植物体内分离得到2株能够降解液体培养基中高浓度菲(200 mg·L-1)的植物内生细菌(菌株P1和P3).经形态观察、生理生化特征鉴定和16S rDNA序列同源性分析,分别将菌株P1和P3鉴定为寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas sp.)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)的细菌.菌株P1和P3均为好氧生长,28℃、150 r·min-1摇床培养7 d,2株菌对无机盐培养基中菲(100 mg·L-1)的降解率均高于90%.条件实验表明,温度20～30℃,pH 6.0～8.0,盐含量0%～4%,装液量10～30 mL(100 mL三角瓶)2菌株生长良好且对菲降解率高于70%.其最适生长和降解温度为30℃,pH为7.0,盐含量≤4%,装液量≤30 mL.综合比较2株菌对菲的降解特性,P1菌株高温耐受性稍强,而P3菌株对环境pH改变和缺氧的耐受性稍强.     

一株中度嗜盐菌Virgibacillu sp.PDB-F2对苯酚的降解特性

从上海老港垃圾填埋场区土壤中分离出一株降解苯酚的中度嗜盐菌,经16S rRNA序列分析鉴定为Virgibacillu sp.PDBF2(Gen Bank序列号为KM658979)。该菌株在8%的总盐度下最高可耐受1 400 mg/L的苯酚,能有效降解的苯酚浓度达1 200 mg/L。PDB-F2可在5%~15%的高盐度范围内有效去除初始浓度为500 mg/L的苯酚。培养温度和pH对菌株PDB-F2生长和苯酚降解率具有较大影响,其最佳生长和降解条件为温度30℃、pH 6.5~7.5。PDB-F2在耐盐能力和苯酚降解能力上的优势使其在高盐含酚废水生物处理中具有极大的应用潜力。     

Efficient degradation of lube oil by a mixed bacterial consortium

A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier. Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Commaonas acidovorans Px1, Bacillus sp. Px2, Pseudomonas sp. Px3 were selected to prepare a mixed consortium for the study based on the efficiency of lube oil utilization. The percentage of oil degraded by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased slightly from 99% to 97.2% as the concentration of lube oil was increased from 2000 to 10,000 mg/L. The degradation of TDOC (total dissolved organic carbon) showed a similar tendency compared with lube oil removal, which indicated that the intermediates in degradation process hardly accumulated. Selected mixed bacterial consortium showed their edge compared to activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos showed that biofilms on stainless steel were robust and with a dimensional framework constructed by EPS (extracellular polymeric substances), which could promote the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The increase of biofilm followed first-order kinetics with rate of 0.216 μg glucose/(cm2·day) in logarithm phase. With analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with removal of lube oil and TDOC, mixed bacterial consortium could degrade benzene and its derivatives, aromatic ring organic matters with a percentage over 97%.     

Efficient degradation of lube off by a mixed bacterial consortium

A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier.Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Commaonas acidovorans Pxl, Bacillus sp.Px2, Pseudomonas sp. Px3 were selected to prepare a mixed consortium for the study based on the efficiency of lube oil utilization.The percentage of oil degraded by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased slightly from 99% to 97.2% as the concentration of lube oil was increased from 2000 to 10,000 mg/L. The degradation of TDOC (total dissolved organic carbon) showed a similar tendency compared with lube oil removal, which indicated that the intermediates in degradation process hardly accumulated. Selected mixed bacterial consortium showed their edge compared to activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos showed that biofilms on stainless steel were robust and with a dimensional framework constructed by EPS (extracellular polymeric substances),which could promote the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The increase of biofilm followed first-order kinetics with rate of 0.216 μg glucose/(cm~2·day) in logarithm phase. With analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with removal of lube oil and TDOC, mixed bacterial consortium could degrade benzene and its derivatives, aromatic ring organic matters with a percentage over 97%.     

Effcient degradation of lube oil by a mixed bacterial consortium

A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier. Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Commaonas acidovorans Px1, Bacillus sp. Px2, Pseudomonas sp. Px3 were selected to prepare a mixed consortium for the study based on the e ciency of lube oil utilization. The percentage of oil degraded by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased slightly from 99% to 97.2% as the concentration of lube oil was increased from 2000 to 10,000 mg/L. The degradation of TDOC (total dissolved organic carbon) showed a similar tendency compared with lube oil removal, which indicated that the intermediates in degradation process hardly accumulated. Selected mixed bacterial consortium showed their edge compared to activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos showed that biofilms on stainless steel were robust and with a dimensional framework constructed by EPS (extracellular polymeric substances), which could promote the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The increase of biofilm followed first-order kinetics with rate of 0.216 g glucose/(cm2 day) in logarithm phase. With analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with removal of lube oil and TDOC, mixed bacterial consortium could degrade benzene and its derivatives, aromatic ring organic matters with a percentage over 97%.     

Utilizing surfactants to control the sorption, desorption, and biodegradation of phenanthrene in soil-water system

An integrative technology including the surfactant enhanced sorption and subsequentdesorption and biodegradation of phenanthrene in the soil-water system was introduced and tested. For slightly contaminated agricultural soils, cationic-nonionic mixed surfactant- enhanced sorption of organic contaminants onto soils could reduce their transfer to plants, therefore safe-guarding agricultural production. After planting, residual surfactants combined with added nonionic surfactant could also promote thedesorption and biodegradation of residual phenanthrene, thus providing a cost-effective pollution remediation technology.0ur results showed that the cationic-nonionic mixed surfactantsdodecylpyridinium bromide (DDPB) and Triton X-100 (TX100) significantly enhanced soil retention of phenanthrene. The maximum sorption coefficient Kd* of phenanthrene for contaminated soils treated by mixed surfactants was about24.5 times that of soils without surfactant (Kd ) and higher than the combined effects of DDPB and TX100 individually, which was about 16.7 and 1.5 times Kd , respectively.0n the other hand, TX100 could effectively remove phenanthrene from contaminated soils treated by mixed surfactants, improving the bioavailability of organic pollutants. Thedesorption rates of phenanthrene from these treated soils were greater than 85% with TX100 concentration above2000 mg/L and approached 100% with increasing TX100 concentration. The biodegradation rates of phenanthrene in the presence of surfactants reached over 95% in30days. The mixed surfactants promoted the biodegradation of phenanthrene to some extent in 10-22days, and had no obvious impact on phenanthrene biodegradation at the end of the experiment. Results obtained from this study provide some insight for the production of safe agricultural products and a remediation scheme for soils slightly contaminated with organic pollutants.     

土壤中不同有机质对菲的吸附行为及生物可利用性的影响

为了研究不同有机质对持久性有机污染物(POPs)的吸附行为及生物可利用性的影响,从黑龙江省未被多环芳烃(PAHs)污染的农业表层土壤中提取了矿质结合态胡敏酸(MHA)、矿质结合态胡敏素(MHU),通过绘制吸附动力学曲线和吸附等温线,研究了MHA、MHU及全上本身对菲的吸附特性,并通过改变老化时间和吸附剂质量,研究了不同...     

复合菌群生物强化削减NPEO内分泌干扰毒性的试验研究

印染废水中的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(nonylphnol polyethylene ether, NPEO)在生化处理过程中会产生雌激素活性更强的壬基酚(NP)等中间产物,导致处理后印染废水内分泌干扰毒性升高.为探索以NPEO和NP为降解靶点进行菌群生物强化脱毒的可行性,分别以NPEO和NP驯化富集印染活性污泥,并将得到的降解菌群以单独和组合投加方式进行生物强化试验,考察强化控毒效果.结果表明：(1)NPEO降解菌群(NPEB)和NP降解菌群(NPB)中的优势菌均为Proteobacteria,二者对10 mg/L NPEO和NP的48 h去除率均高于98%.(2)单独或组合投加5 mg/L的NPEB和NPB至混合液悬浮固体浓度(MLSS)为500 mg/L的活性污泥体系,均能显著提升活性污泥对不同浓度(10和1 mg/L) NPEO的降解性能,大幅缩短NPEO降解过程中雌激素活性的变化周期,并使体系的雌激素活性维持在较低水平.(3)当降解体系中加入1 000 mg/L葡萄糖作为额外碳源时,NPB的强化性能被完全抑制,而NPEB在降解性能受抑的情况下仍能增强活性污泥的NPEO降解速率并缩短控...     

多环芳烃在污泥与菜籽饼堆肥中的降解规律

研究了城市污泥和菜籽饼堆肥体系中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)在94 d内的降解演化过程.堆肥体系开始时16种PAHs的总浓度为1.792 mg·kg~(-1),堆肥结束后其总浓度为0.153 mg·kg~(-1).其总降解率为91.5% (p<0.05).堆肥过程中,堆体腐殖酸呈现先上升后下降,最后又稳步上升的趋势;与此同时,PAHs则呈现先下降后上升,最后又明显下降的趋势(第31～61 d).PAHs的微生物降解主要发生在堆肥的第16～31 d,但是苯环数≤3的PAHs降解过程与苯环数≥4的PAHs在堆肥第31～47 d存在差异:苯环数≤3的PAHs(除了菲)存在着一个持续的降解过程,但是苯环数≥4的PAHs和菲在堆肥第31～46 d表现出浓度的上升.这表明苯环数≥4的PAHs和菲存在强吸附作用,它们紧密的吸附使得微生物不易进行生物降解.PAHs化合物降解率与其相对分子质量之间存在正相关的关系,即相对分子质量越大的化合物其降解率越高,苯并(b)荧蒽例外.     

Anaerobic biodegradation of PAHs in mangrove sediment with amendment of NaHCO3

Mangrove sediment is unique in chemical and biological properties. Many of them suffer polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) contamination. However, the study on PAH biological remediation for mangrove sediment is deficient. Enriched PAH-degrading microbial consortium and electron acceptor amendment are considered as two effective measures. Compared to other electron acceptors, the study on CO2, which is used by methanogens, is still seldom. This study investigated the effect of Na HCO3 amendment on the anaerobic biodegradation of four mixed PAHs, namely fluorene(Fl), phenanthrene(Phe),fluoranthene(Flua) and pyrene(Pyr), with or without enriched PAH-degrading microbial consortium in mangrove sediment slurry. The trends of various parameters, including PAH concentrations, microbial population size, electron-transport system activities, electron acceptor and anaerobic gas production were monitored. The results revealed that the inoculation of enriched PAH-degrading consortium had a significant effect with half lives shortened by 7–13 days for 3-ring PAHs and 11–24 days for 4-ring PAHs. While Na HCO3 amendment did not have a significant effect on the biodegradation of PAHs and other parameters, except that CO2 gas in the headspace of experimental flasks was increased.One of the possible reasons is that mangrove sediment contains high concentrations of other electron acceptors which are easier to be utilized by anaerobic bacteria, the other one is that the anaerobes in mangrove sediment can produce enough CO2 gas even without adding Na HCO3.     

一株高效降解菲的植物内生细菌筛选及其生长特性

从长期受PAHs污染的植物看麦娘中分离出1株可高效降解菲的内生细菌Pn2,经生理生化特征分析和16S rDNA序列同源性分析,初步鉴定为Naxibacter sp.,研究了菌株Pn2的生长特性及其对菲的降解作用.结果表明,菌株Pn2能以菲为唯一碳源生长,并对菲有良好的降解性能.菲浓度为49.92mg/L时,30℃下150r/min振荡培养72h,菲降解率高达98.78%.接种量和污染强度显著影响Pn2对菲的降解:接种量越大,菲降解率越高;随污染强度升高,菲降解率先增大后减小,最适污染强度为150mg/L.菌株Pn2有较强的环境适应能力.温度为25~37℃、环境pH值为6.0~8.0、盐浓度1%~2%范围内,菌株Pn2生长状况良好.菌株Pn2为好氧生长,通气量越大,菌株生长越旺盛.菌株Pn2对低浓度的氨苄青霉素和氯霉素有抗性.