Effcient degradation of lube oil by a mixed bacterial consortium

A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier. Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Commaonas acidovorans Px1, Bacillus sp. Px2, Pseudomonas sp. Px3 were selected to prepare a mixed consortium for the study based on the e ciency of lube oil utilization. The percentage of oil degraded by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased slightly from 99% to 97.2% as the concentration of lube oil was increased from 2000 to 10,000 mg/L. The degradation of TDOC (total dissolved organic carbon) showed a similar tendency compared with lube oil removal, which indicated that the intermediates in degradation process hardly accumulated. Selected mixed bacterial consortium showed their edge compared to activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos showed that biofilms on stainless steel were robust and with a dimensional framework constructed by EPS (extracellular polymeric substances), which could promote the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The increase of biofilm followed first-order kinetics with rate of 0.216 g glucose/(cm2 day) in logarithm phase. With analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with removal of lube oil and TDOC, mixed bacterial consortium could degrade benzene and its derivatives, aromatic ring organic matters with a percentage over 97%.     

Efficient degradation of lube off by a mixed bacterial consortium

A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier.Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Commaonas acidovorans Pxl, Bacillus sp.Px2, Pseudomonas sp. Px3 were selected to prepare a mixed consortium for the study based on the efficiency of lube oil utilization.The percentage of oil degraded by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased slightly from 99% to 97.2% as the concentration of lube oil was increased from 2000 to 10,000 mg/L. The degradation of TDOC (total dissolved organic carbon) showed a similar tendency compared with lube oil removal, which indicated that the intermediates in degradation process hardly accumulated. Selected mixed bacterial consortium showed their edge compared to activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos showed that biofilms on stainless steel were robust and with a dimensional framework constructed by EPS (extracellular polymeric substances),which could promote the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The increase of biofilm followed first-order kinetics with rate of 0.216 μg glucose/(cm~2·day) in logarithm phase. With analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with removal of lube oil and TDOC, mixed bacterial consortium could degrade benzene and its derivatives, aromatic ring organic matters with a percentage over 97%.     

土壤中多环芳烃微生物降解能力模拟

为了揭示微生物菌种(组合)对土壤中PAHs(多环芳烃)降解率的影响以及不同类型PAHs抗微生物降解能力的差异,分析了北京市6个不同环境功能区土壤中微生物种类及其分布特征,从中筛选出部分微生物菌种对典型PAHs和原油进行降解模拟试验,对比分析微生物对不同PAHs降解能力的差异.结果表明:① 不同菌种组合对PAHs的降解能力存在明显差异,与假单胞菌属、无色杆菌、短稳杆菌混合菌相比,假单胞菌属、无色杆菌、短稳杆菌和微杆菌混合菌对PAHs的降解率高0.6%~4.5%;② 在相同降解条件下,不同PAHs的降解率存在明显差异,在单体培养基中,LMW PAHs(低环数PAHs)的降解率在25.3%以上,而HMW PAHs(高环数PAHs)的降解率都小于20.1%;③ 在单体培养基与混合培养基中PAHs的降解能力也存在一定差别,单体培养基中PAHs的降解率较混合培养基中高4.2%~26.6%;④ 无论在单体培养基中,还是混合培养基中这些化合物的降解率均存在随着降解时间的增加而增大的现象;⑤ 在原油培养基中不同PAHs的降解率更为复杂,并且出现了中低分子量PAHs降解率随降解时间增加反而降低的假象,这可能是由于随着时间增加,微生物对PAHs的降解能力加强,原油中含烷基的PAHs基团降解或HMW PAHs被微生物降解产生LMW PAHs中间产物造成.研究显示,假单胞菌属、无色杆菌、短稳杆菌和微杆菌对HMW PAHs和LMW PAHs均有明显的降解效果,但不同PAHs的降解率存在明显的差异,即使是同一单体化合物,在单体培养基、混合培养基和原油培养基三种不同的降解条件下,其降解率也具有不同程度的差别.      

生物浮选法处理含油污泥

利用从石油污染物中分离的一组微生物菌株对胜利油田含油污泥进行了生物浮选处理,探讨了处理过程中温度、稀释率、投加菌量及加糖量等因子对油去除率的影响及组合菌株与单一菌株处理效果的差异。通过实验获得生物浮选最佳运行参数为:温度40℃,稀释率98%,加菌量3.75%,加糖量0.25%,在该参数运行条件下,原油去除率可达95%以上。使用混合菌株进行生物浮选有利于回收原油中含油量的提高。     

嗜盐菌群在甲苯降解过程中群落结构的变化解析

从胜利油田的高盐油污土壤中富集到1个高效降解BTEX(苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯)的嗜盐菌群,分析了菌群在甲苯降解过程中的群落结构变化.结果表明,该菌群在5%盐度下可完全降解200mg/L甲苯.PCR-DGGE图谱显示,随着甲苯的加入,该菌群的优势种属由Bacillus sp.和Bacillus aquimaris转变为Thalassospira xiamenensis、Pseudomonas stutzeri、Virgibacillus sp.和Bacillus sp..这4种微生物在整个降解过程中稳定存在,且在降解完成后24h内没有衰亡的迹象.另外,该菌群可以降解菲,显示了降解多种芳香族化合物的能力.     

Biodegradation of benzo[a]pyrene in soil by Mucor sp. SF06 and Bacillus sp. SB02 co-immobilized on vermiculite

Two indigenous microorganisms, Bacillus sp. SB02 and Mucor sp. SF06, capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were co-immobilized on vermiculite by physical adsorption and used to degrade benzo[a] pyrene （BaP）. The characteristics of BaP degradation by both free and co-immobilized microorganism were then investigated and compared. The removal rate using the immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium was higher than that of the freely mobile mixed consortium. 95.3% of BaP was degraded using the co-immobilized system within 42 d, which was remarkably higher than the removal rate of that by the free strains. The optimal amount of inoculated co-immobilized system for BaP degradation was 2%. The immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium also showed better water stability than the free strains. Kinetics of BaP biodegradation by co-immobilized SF06 and SB02 were also studied. The results demonstrated that BaP degradation could be well described by a zero-order reaction rate equation when the initial BaP concentration was in the range of 10--200 mg/kg. The scanning electronic microscope （SEM） analysis showed that the co-immobilized microstructure was suitable for the growth of SF06 and SB02. The mass transmission process of co-immobilized system in soil is discussed. The results demonstrate the potential for employing the bacterial-fungal mixed consortium, co-immobilized on vermiculite, for in situ bioremediation of BaP.     

Isolation and characterization of gasoline-degrading bacteria from gas station leaking-contaminated soils

The effects of culture conditions in vitro and biosurfactant detection were studied on bacterial strains capable of degrading gasoline from contaminated soils near gas station. The main results were summarized as follows. Three bacteria （strains Q10, Q14 and Q18） that were considered as efficiently degrading strains were isolated and identified as Pseudomonas sp., Flavobaeterium sp. and Rhodococcus sp., respectively. The optimal growth conditions of three bacteria including pH, temperature and the concentration of gasoline were similar. The reduction in surface tension was observed with all the three bacteria, indicating the production of biosurfactant compounds. The value of surface tension reduced by the three strains Q10, Q14 and Q18 was 32.6 mN.m, 12.4 mN. m and 21.9 mN.m, respectively. Strain Q10 could be considered as a potential biosurfactant producer. Gasoline, diesel oil, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene （BTEX） could easily be degraded by the three isolates. The consortium was more effective than the individual cultures in degrading added gasoline, diesel oil, and BTEX. These results indicate that these strains have great potential for in situ remediation of soils contaminated by gas station leaking.     

用表面活性剂溶液回收炼油厂废白土中的蜡和油及废白土的综合利用

对表面活性剂溶液回收炼油厂废白土中的石蜡和润滑油脱蜡脱油废白土的再生活化、综合利用进行实验研究。通过对表面活性剂的筛选及工艺条件最优化,使蜡和油的回收率分别达到93％和95％,再生白土的脱色效率优于新鲜活性白土。用脱蜡脱油废白土为原料制取的白炭黑和4A沸石的质量均达到国家标准。     

分离海洋不动杆菌及其对石油烃降解性能研究

石油降解菌在石油污染生物修复技术中起到非常重要的作用。本研究分别以渤海湾油污区采集的水样,油样,水油泥混合样为材料富集分离石油降解菌,对其进行生理生化及分子生物学鉴定,并采用GC-MS测定烷烃、环烃、芳香烃等石油烃组分的变化。其中3株菌具有较高石油烃降解能力,16SrRNA序列分析表明该3株菌均与不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）有99%序列相似性,可初步鉴定为不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）。3株菌的石油烃降解能力依次为Tust-DM21＞Tust-DC12＞Tust-DW04,对原油成分的降解效果依次为烷烃＞芳香烃＞环烃。其中菌株Tust-DM21为一株高效石油烃降解菌,28℃于富集培养基培养10 d后,对烷烃（C10~C30）的降解率可达98%,对芳香烃和环烃的降解率达88%。研究表明,Tust-DM21菌株对烷烃,环烃,芳香烃都有较强的降解能力,是一株具有较好开发前景的石油降解菌。     

高效原油降解菌筛选驯化实验研究

由含油废水原有微生物种群中分离出纯种菌株，通过纯种菌株的单一菌种降解性能实验，混合菌株垢正交性能实验，筛选出7种高效原油降解菌（包括芽孢杆菌属，黄杆菌属，黄单胞菌属，和假单胞菌属），其中芽孢杆菌属降解原油能力最强，对于18．4mg/L的含油废水，降解去除率高达94％－95％，实验还表明，单种菌株降解原油的能力比混合菌株要好。     

Identification and characterization of integron mediated antibiotic resistance in pentachlorophenol degrading bacterium isolated from the chemostat

A bacterial consortium was developed by continuous enrichment of microbial population isolated from sediment core of pulp and paper mill e uent in mineral salts medium (MSM) supplemented with pentachlorophenol (PCP) as sole source of carbon and energy in the chemostat. The consortia contained three bacterial strains. They were identified as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter sp. by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Acinetobacter sp. readily degraded PCP through the formation of tetrachloro-phydroquinone (TecH), 2-chloro-1,4-benzenediol and products of ortho ring cleavage detected by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Out of the three acclimated PCP degrading bacterial strains only one strain, Acinetobacter sp. showed the presence of integron gene cassette as a marker of its stability and antibiotic resistance. The strain possessed a 4.17 kb amplicon with 22 ORF’s. The plasmid isolated from the Acinetobacter sp. was subjected to shotgun cloning through restriction digestion by BamHI, HindIII and SalI, ligated to pUC19 vector and transformed into E. coli XLBlue1 , and finally selected on MSM containing PCP as sole source of carbon and energy with ampicillin as antibiotic marker. DNA sequence analysis of recombinant clones indicated homology with integron gene cassette and multiple antibiotic resistance genes.     

复合菌群生物强化削减NPEO内分泌干扰毒性的试验研究

印染废水中的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(nonylphnol polyethylene ether, NPEO)在生化处理过程中会产生雌激素活性更强的壬基酚(NP)等中间产物,导致处理后印染废水内分泌干扰毒性升高.为探索以NPEO和NP为降解靶点进行菌群生物强化脱毒的可行性,分别以NPEO和NP驯化富集印染活性污泥,并将得到的降解菌群以单独和组合投加方式进行生物强化试验,考察强化控毒效果.结果表明：(1)NPEO降解菌群(NPEB)和NP降解菌群(NPB)中的优势菌均为Proteobacteria,二者对10 mg/L NPEO和NP的48 h去除率均高于98%.(2)单独或组合投加5 mg/L的NPEB和NPB至混合液悬浮固体浓度(MLSS)为500 mg/L的活性污泥体系,均能显著提升活性污泥对不同浓度(10和1 mg/L) NPEO的降解性能,大幅缩短NPEO降解过程中雌激素活性的变化周期,并使体系的雌激素活性维持在较低水平.(3)当降解体系中加入1 000 mg/L葡萄糖作为额外碳源时,NPB的强化性能被完全抑制,而NPEB在降解性能受抑的情况下仍能增强活性污泥的NPEO降解速率并缩短控...     

微塑料对近岸多环芳烃降解菌群结构及其降解能力的影响

近海岸微塑料的污染问题日益突出,对周围生态环境造成了严重的影响.微塑料研究主要集中于微塑料在生物体内的积累,而有关微塑料对微生物生态的影响研究还很少.本文针对受微塑料影响较严重的近岸环境,从受石油污染的近岸水体中富集驯化得到功能菌群菲降解菌群MB1,探究微塑料对近岸菲降解菌群结构及降解能力的影响.结果表明:微塑料的添加在一定程度上促进菲的降解;SEM扫描电镜分析进一步显示微生物附着在微塑料上并分泌丝状物质;采用Illumina序列分析添加微塑料后菌群结构的变化,发现培养6 d后在有添加微塑料的体系中优势菌属以Glaciecola为主,而未添加的对照组中优势菌属是Rhdovulum,说明微塑料的添加可明显改变降解多环芳烃的菌群结构,进而影响污染物的降解能力.     

嗜盐菌群对菲的降解及萘双加氧酶基因的表达规律

从胜利油田富集了一个能够降解多环芳烃的嗜盐菌群,通过克隆文库技术解析了菌群萘双加氧酶(ndo)基因的多样性.结果表明,该嗜盐菌群有6种ndo基因型,其中3种主要基因型(占总克隆子92.7%)与经典nah-like基因的相似度为89%.采用real-time RT-PCR等技术分析了不同盐度下菲降解过程中ndo基因的表达量、降解速率、生长曲线以及菲的生物可利用度,探索了菌群对菲的降解及ndo基因的表达规律.结果表明,当盐度由10%升高到20%,菌群完全降解100mg/L菲的时间从6d延长到9d,菌群生长的迟滞期由1d延长为3d.溶解菲的浓度在菌群生长过程中呈增加的趋势.Ndo基因的表达量在降解过程中呈先降低后随溶解菲浓度升高而升高的趋势,表明高浓度菲在初始阶段可能抑制ndo基因的表达.单因素方差分析(n=3, P>0.05)表明溶解菲浓度在10%和20%盐度下没有显著差异,表明一定范围的盐度不会影响菌群降解过程中菲的溶解度.菌群ndo基因的相对表达量在10%盐度下较在20%盐度下高,说明盐度对嗜盐菌群功能基因的表达具有抑制作用.     

高效畜禽废水降解菌的选育及菌群的构建

从畜禽废水中分离到7株高效降解菌Y1、Y2、F1、G1、G2、J1、J2,经初步鉴定Y1、Y2为芽孢杆菌,F1为放线菌,G1、G2为光合细菌,J1、J2为酵母菌。初步研究了各菌株的特性,并选择COD与NH3—N去除率高菌株进行菌群构建。结果表明该构建方法操作简便,切实可行。反应25d后,在所有构建的菌群中,Y2G2F1的降解能力最好,猪场废水COD去除率可达89.8%,NH3-N去除率达83.6%。     

砂土中柴油的微生物降解研究

从加油站污染土壤中筛选出对柴油具有较强降解能力的菌株,比较研究菌株及菌群降解柴油的差异,探讨植物苜蓿和芥菜对菌株降解柴油污染物的影响.结果表明:①菌株Q18和菌群对砂土中柴油都具有较强的降解能力,菌群对柴油的降解率明显高于菌株Q18.菌株Q18 和菌群在5 d内对柴油的总降解率分别为40.29%和54.15%.与菌株Q18降解柴油相比,菌群主要是强化了中、长链烷烃化合物的降解.②在砂土中,苜蓿和芥菜都能显著地强化菌株Q18对柴油的降解,但苜蓿强化菌株Q18降解柴油的能力强于芥菜. 5 d内菌株Q18-芥菜和菌株Q18-苜蓿复合体系对柴油总降解率分别达到60.05%和56.68%.③菌群和苜蓿及芥菜复合体系降解柴油的能力也有显著提高,但芥菜强化菌群降解柴油的能力强于苜蓿.5 d内菌群-芥菜和菌群-苜蓿复合体系对柴油总降解率分别为75.53%和70.50%.      

萘厌氧降解菌群的富集及氧化还原介体的强化

为揭示氧化还原介体（ROMs）对萘厌氧降解的强化作用,以萘为唯一碳源富集到中温萘厌氧降解菌群.通过Illumina MiSeq测序对接种污泥和富集培养物进行了细菌群落结构解析,并考察了固定化蒽醌-2,6-二磺酸（AQDS）、蒽醌-2-磺酸（AQS）和腐殖酸强化萘厌氧降解的特征.Illumina MiSeq测序结果表明,Pseudomonas、Thauera、和Georgfuchsia是该富集培养物中的优势萘降解菌,其相对丰度分别为52.4%、13.8%和17.6%.在污泥接种量为0.23g/L和萘初始浓度10mg/L条件下,富集菌群9d内对萘的降解率约为64%.ROMs强化试验结果表明,3种ROMs对萘的厌氧降解均有一定的促进作用.其中,AQDS的强化效果最为显著,当AQDS浓度为0.8mmol/L,培养至第7d时,萘的去除率为92.0%,比同期的对照组高1.2倍.此外,硝酸盐对ROMs强化萘厌氧降解的影响研究结果表明,在NaNO₃浓度为0~0.8g/L范围内,萘的降解速率随着硝酸盐浓度增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势.当NaNO₃浓度为0.6g/L时,萘的去除率在第6d就达到了91.0%,比对照组提高了15.2%.由此可见,在厌氧条件下添加适量硝酸盐可提高ROMs对萘降解的强化效果.     

黄河三角洲原油污染土壤的微生物固定化修复技术

研究从原油污染土壤中驯化分离出高效石油烃降解菌系,以海藻酸钠和硅藻土复合载体将其制备成固定化菌,比较了固定化降解菌与游离菌对土壤中原油的降解率以及它们在土壤中活性与数量的变化.结果表明,土著降解菌经驯化后显示了较高的耐受性和环境适应能力,固定化降解菌产生了较同等菌量的游离菌明显高的降解优势,特别是在实验初期(20天时)...     

石油污染对土壤微生物群落影响及石油降解菌的筛选鉴定

为研究石油污染对土壤中细菌群落结构及土壤理化性质的影响,分离筛选石油降解菌,从陕北宝塔、吴起、靖边和延长4个县区采集石油污染土壤和未受石油污染土壤,测量土壤中石油、有机质、硝态氮、铵态氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量以及pH;采用高通量测序技术对2种土壤中细菌群落结构进行比较分析;并以石油为唯一碳源,从石油污染土壤中筛选高效石油降解菌,并对所筛选的高效石油降解菌进行16S rDNA鉴定。陕北4个县区石油污染土壤中铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别降低了0.57,6.63,4.34,8.91 mg/kg,有机质含量增加了2~21倍。石油污染土壤中细菌群落的丰富度和多样性均降低,其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)为主要菌门,分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium)为丰度最高菌属。以石油为唯一碳源,分离得到8株石油降解菌,其中菌株OS33和菌株OS62-1在5 d内的石油降解率分别为80.51%和81.60%,经鉴定OS33为迪茨氏菌(Dietzia sp.),OS62-1为红球菌(Rhodococcus sp.)。石油污染发生后,土壤中细菌群落的丰富度和多样性降低,筛选的8株石油降解菌中OS62-1石油降解率最高,研究结果进一步丰富了陕北地区石油降解菌菌种资源库。     

An environmental approach for used oil management in Asian cities: a Bangkok' s experience

This paper addresses increasing concern about the pollution threat of used oil being illegally dumped and the impact of oil on air pollution and freshwater ecosystems in Asian countries. Used oil is a very serious waste management problem. These results call for management action such as maximising the collection and recovery of used oil. The Thai government recognizes the need to recycle used oil and has been active in encouraging programs to accomplish this goal. Thus unless new approaches and incentives are developed, used oil generation may become an increasing serious problem to our environment. The purpose of this study is to examine the technical and economic feasibility, of recycling used oils. In addition, this paper briefly discusses the problems to be overcome and outlines potential mechanisms for providing the necessary disposal controls in order to maximize the protection to public health and environmental quality from potential hazards posed by used lube oil disposal.