厌氧工艺在低浓度废水处理中的应用

高效厌氧反应器是应用于污水处理的一种生物处理系统,因其运行费用低、能耗少且可产生有用副产物甲烷等优点,在低浓度废水处理中逐渐成为应用研究的热点。在系统考查各种应用于低浓度废水的厌氧工艺基础上,重点介绍了上流式厌氧污泥床、厌氧颗粒污泥膨胀床、厌氧流化床反应器、厌氧膜生物反应器及组合厌氧工艺在低浓度废水处理中的应用。     

厌氧悬浮床反应器的膨胀模型研究

从反应器理论上对高效厌氧反应器流动状态进行研究和分析,提出在化工过程理论中固定床和流化床之间实际上还存在着一个过渡区,生物反应器在过渡区的行为是以往研究的空白。经过对反应器过渡区流动状态细致研究,提出悬浮床反应器的概念。进而对生物颗粒沉降、悬浮床反应器膨胀率等基本特性进行了数学模型的研究,并通过实验予以验证。从实验角度证实厌氧悬浮床反应器的流态状态的优越性。     

厌氧生物反应器工艺特性与关键技术研究

文章概述了厌氧生物反应器的主要工艺类型及其技术特点,分析了不同类型厌氧生物反应器的优势和局限性。UASB反应器是开发较早且应用较成熟的厌氧反应器,EGSB反应器比UASB反应器具有更高的升流速度和耐冲击负荷能力,IC反应器的容积负荷可达到35～50 kgCOD/（m3.d）。从厌氧过程的工艺设计和运行控制角度出发,论述了厌氧系统启动和操作管理、厌氧颗粒污泥形成机理、三相分离器设计、生物抑制作用及新技术发展趋向等若干关键问题。     

厌氧附着膜膨胀床反应器内生物颗粒特性的初步研究

厌氧附着膜膨胀床(AAFEB)反应器是近几年开发的新型高效的厌氧消化工艺。在这种反应器内,厌氧微生物被固定在载体上,形成一定厚度和活性的具有生物膜结构的生物颗粒。这样,可以持留高浓度的厌氧活性污泥,使污泥滞留时间(SRT)与水力滞留时间相分离,不受其限制,为AAFEB高效稳定地运行创造了重要的条件。     

啤酒废水处理工艺及浅析

通过SBR法、高效厌氧反应器法、厌氧(水解酸化)--曝气生物滤池法对啤酒废水的处理效果的比较，综合分析了国内现阶段啤酒废水处理工艺中的优缺点及其达到的经济效益。     

印染废水处理中高效厌氧反应器技术研究

印染废水是目前我国亟待有效处理的主要工业废水之一,其对环境造成的污染大大限制了该行业可持续、快速的发展。在诸多生物处理工艺中,厌氧反应器技术以其低能耗、高稳定去除有机物且可产生再生能源的特点和优势成为目前对印染废水进行有效处理的核心技术之一。文章论述了厌氧反应器技术在印染废水中的应用现状以及面临的主要问题,指出开发以高效厌氧反应器技术为核心的生物处理工艺是未来印染废水处理工艺研究的主要方向之一。     

不同类型生物反应器处理农村生活垃圾试验研究

根据厌氧、好氧以及准好氧生物反应器填埋场的各自特点,结合我国农村生活垃圾处理现状,开展了厌氧(R3-I)-准好氧(R3-II)联合生物反应器与厌氧(R1)、准好氧(R2)生物反应器的室内模拟对比试验。结果表明,厌氧单元(R1、R3-I)累积沉降量与时间成对数关系,而准好氧单元(R2、R3-II)的累积沉降量与时间成线性关系;联合生物反应器中的厌氧单元未出现酸累积现象;联合反应器中各单元对COD的降解趋势与准好氧生物反应器高度一致,在第350天,R3-II渗滤液COD降至7.67 g/L;联合生物反应器对以UV254表征的有机物的去除效果优于厌氧生物反应器和准好氧生物反应器;厌氧-准好氧联合型生物反应器能够有效抑制氨氮的积累,使体系内的氨氮处于一个相对稳定的水平。     

乙酰螺旋霉素废水生物处理的试验研究

采用相同体积 (6 2L)的升流厌氧污泥床和厌氧复合床处理乙酰螺旋霉素废水 ,当容积负荷为 6 0kg(COD) (m3 ·d)时 ,升流厌氧污泥床和厌氧复合床反应器对SS、COD、BOD5的去除率分别为 6 7 4 %、85 1%、91 2 %和 75 6 %、91 7%、96 1%,结果表明厌氧复合床是高效实用的厌氧生物反应器 ;厌氧出水采用相同体积 (6 4L)的生物接触氧化工艺和周期循环活性污泥系统进行处理 ,当容积负荷为 1 6kg(COD) (m3 ·d)时 ,生物接触氧化反应器和周期循环活性污泥系统对SS、COD、BOD5的去除率分别为 87 9%、85 1%、92 8%和 91 6 %、88 7%、95 4 %,结果表明周期循环活性污泥系统是高效实用的好氧生物反应器 .     

厌氧生物处理技术

厌氧生物处理技术的发展，厌氧生物处理技术的基本原理，废水厌氧生物处理技术及上流式厌氧污泥床反应器系统，上流式厌氧污泥床反应器的启动后影响其正常运行的各种因素（温度、ｐＨ值、挥发酸、毒物或抑制物、碱度等）。     

利用序批式生物膜反应器启动厌氧氨氧化研究

研究了在缺氧条件下利用序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)快速启动厌氧氨氧化过程,并考察了该过程中反应器的脱氮效率、厌氧氨氧化现象、生物膜性质及微生物群落的变化.从第60d开始出现ANAMMOX现象,经过100多天的启动,最高总氮负荷达0.67kg-N/m3×d,总氮去除率达到87.3%.生物膜厚度和污泥颜色、形态发生明显变化,厌氧氨氧化菌的相对含量达到40%以上,成为反应器的优势菌种.本研究表明SBBR是一种高效启动厌氧氨氧化的生物反应器.     

厌氧生物处理技术应用研究与展望

综述了厌氧处理工艺应用于工业废水处理的研究进展,并对厌氧工艺与好氧工艺进行了对比,总结了厌氧工艺的特性;阐释了厌氧工艺的应用现状及未来的发展趋势,重点介绍了厌氧流化床反应器(AFBR)、上流式厌氧滤池、上流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)、厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)、颗粒污泥膨胀床反应器(EGSB)、复合厌氧反应器。     

水产品加工废水生物处理工艺研究进展

水产品加工行业庞大的耗水量和高浓度废水备受瞩目,同时随着废水排放标准日益严格,其处理势在必行,生物法是处理该类废水的最佳选择。诸如生物滤池(AF)、上流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)和厌氧流化床(AFB)的厌氧工艺能达到80%~90%的有机物去除率并产生沼气;类似活性污泥、接触氧化、生物转盘、滴滤池以及氧化塘的好氧工艺也适合于有机物的去除,若将各种工艺相结合将提升工艺水平。     

Start-up strategies of UASB reactor for treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater

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Sludge granulation and e ciency of phase separator in UASB reactor treating combined industrial e uent

Sludge granulation and the effect of gas-liquid-solid separator （GLSS） design on the efficiency of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket （UASB） and upflow anaerobic sludge filter （UASF） reactors, operating at HRTs ranging from 3 to 12 h was investigated. VSS/TS ratio gradually increased in both the reactors with increasing sludge age （from 0.5 to more than 0.7 for UASB reactor and 0.012 to 0.043 for UASF reactor）. X-Ray diffraction analysis of the UASF sludge showed the presence of expanding clays revealing its additional absorption capability. Fuoraphyllite and albite precipitation related to excellular polymers of the microbial shell structure, showed the extended growth of microorganisms during sludge granulation. A gradual decrease （82%-69%） in COD removal with decreasing HRT was apparent in UASF reactor. In case of UASB reactor, this decrease was marginal because addition of GLSS device significantly improved （14%-20%） the overall efficiency of the UASB reactor. GLSS enhanced the efficiency of the UASB reactor by increasing the settleability of suspended particles and accelerating the coagulation of colloidal particles due to the velocity gradient.     

含盐染料废水高温厌氧处理工艺特性研究

研究升流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)在高温条件下处理含盐染料废水的工艺特性及颗粒污泥性能。结果表明,在以常温厌氧絮状污泥为接种污泥,运行温度为(55±1)℃,水力停留时间为12h,含盐量为50000mg/L,CODCr为900~1000mg/L,染料活性红2(RR2)浓度为100mg/L条件下,78d达到运行稳定,CODCr和RR2去除率分别为44%和85%以上。反应器中高温耐盐厌氧颗粒污泥粒径为1.0~2.0mm,其生物相组成以短杆菌、球菌、丝状菌为主。     

Production and application of anaerobic granular sludge produced by landfill

Sludge granulation is considered to be the most critical parameter governing successful operation of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB)reactors.Pre-granulated seeding sludge could greatly reduce the required start- up time.Two lab-scale and a pilot-scale EGSB reactors were operated to treat Shaoxing Wastewater Treatment Plant(SWWTP) containing wastewater from real engineering printing and dyeing with high pH and sulfate concentration.The microbiological structure and the particle size distribution in aerobic excess sludge,sanitary landfill sludge digested for one year,and the granular sludge of EGSB reactor after 400 d of operation were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sieves.The lab-scale EGSB reactor seeded with anaerobic sludge after digestion for one year in landfill showed obviously better total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD)removal efficiency than one seeded with aerobic excess sludge after cation polyacrylamide flocculation-concentration and dehydration.The TCOD removed was 470.8 mg/L in pilot scale EGSB reactor at short hydraulic retention time of 15 h.SEM of sludge granules showed that the microbiological structure of the sludge from different sources showed some differences.SEM demonstrated that Methanobacterium sp.was present in the granules of pilot-scale EGSB and the granular sludge produced by landfill contained a mixture of anaerobic/anoxic organisms in abundance.The particle size distribution in EGSB demonstrated that using anaerobic granular sludge produced by sanitary landfill as the seeding granular sludge was feasible.     

UASB反应器处理CMC废水的启动特性研究

采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器,以高浓度羧甲基纤维素(CMC)废水为处理对象,研究了中温条件下UASB反应器的启动、颗粒污泥特性和废水处理效果.结果表明,采用接种颗粒污泥与消化污泥的混合泥进行培养,并逐步提高进水CMC废水浓度,运行80 d后,可实现UASB反应器的启动;当进水COD值达到4 000 mg/L,容积负荷6.86 kg/(m3.d),COD去除率在80%以上;反应器内污泥实现颗粒化,且颗粒污泥的比产甲烷活性良好.     

Production and the application of anaerobic granular sludge produced by landfill

Sludge granulation is considered to be the most critical parameter governing successful operation of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors. Pre-granulated seeding sludge could greatly reduce the required start-up time. Two lab-scale and a pilot-scale EGSB reactors were operated to treat Shaoxing Wastewater Treatment Plant containing wastewater from real engineering printing and dyeing with high pH and sulfate concentration. The microbiological structure and the particle size distribution in aerobic excess sludge, sanitary landfill sludge digested for one year, and the granular sludge of EGSB reactor after 400 d of operation were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sieves. The lab-scale EGSB reactor seeded with anaerobic sludge after digestion for one year in landfill showed obviously better total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) removal efficiency than one seeded with aerobic excess sludge after cation polyacrylamide flocculation-concentration and dehydration. The TCOD removed was 470.8 mg/L in pilot scale EGSB reactor at short hydraulic retention time of 15 h. SEM of sludge granules showed that the microbiological structure of the sludge from different sources showed some differences. SEM demonstrated that Methanobacterium sp. was present in the granules of pilot-scale EGSB and the granular sludge produced by landfill contained a mixture of anaerobic/anoxic organisms in abundance. The particle size distribution in EGSB demonstrated that using anaerobic granular sludge produced by sanitary landfill as the seeding granular sludge was feasible.     

Steady performance of a zero valent iron packed anaerobic reactor for azo dye wastewater treatment under variable influent quality

Zero valent iron (ZVI) is expected to help create an enhanced anaerobic environment that might improve the performance of anaerobic treatment. Based on this idea, a novel ZVI packed upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (ZVI-UASB) reactor was developed to treat azo dye wastewater with variable influent quality. The results showed that the reactor was less influenced by increases of Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B concentration from 50 to 1000 mg/L and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from 1000 to 7000 mg/L in the feed than a reference UASB reactor without the ZVI. The ZVI decreased oxidation-reduction potential in the reactor by about 80 mV. Iron ion dissolution from the ZVI could buffer acidity in the reactor, the amount of which was related to the COD concentration. Fluorescence in situ hybridization test showed the abundance of methanogens in the sludge of the ZVI-UASB reactor was significantly greater than that of the reference one. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed that the ZVI increased the diversity of microbial strains responsible for high efficiency.     

活性染料高温厌氧生物降解研究

研究了升流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)在高温条件下处理含盐活性红2(RR2)染料废水的工艺及RR2的降解机理.结果表明:运行温度为(55±1)℃,水力停留时间为12 h,进水ρ(NaCl),ρ(COD_Cr)和ρ(RR2)分别为50　000,1　000和100 mg/L的条件下,以驯化好的厌氧颗粒污泥为接种污泥, 运行10 d后反应器达到稳定,COD_Cr和RR2去除率分别为25%和90%以上.利用气相色谱－质谱联用(GC-MS)分析厌氧出水发现, RR2的生物降解途径为在厌氧条件下最先被还原的是较易断裂的偶氮键(NN),去除颜色后形成了芳香胺类化合物,一部分芳香胺类化合物通过水解和氧化作用进一步降解为更小分子的代谢物.