人工神经网络在大冶市湖泊水质评价中的应用

人工神经网络(ANN)是复杂非线性科学和人工智能科学的前沿,其在水质评价的应用研究在国内外尚处于初创阶段。目前得到普遍应用的是采用BP算法的多层前馈神经网络。文中运用人工神经网络的反向传播(BP)算法对大冶市两个湖泊水质进行了评价,与模糊数学等方法相比,评价精度较高,方法简单易行。     

基于遗传算法的人工神经网络在降水酸度预测中的应用

在误差反向传播(Back Propagation)算法的人工神经网络结构模型的基础上，应用遗传算法训练神经网络权重，实现网络结构的优化。用优化后的BP人工神经网络建立了江西省南昌市的降水酸度预测模型。并将该模型预测结果与BP算法和多元线性回归法的预测结果进行了比较。检验结果表明：基于遗传算法的人工神经网络优于BP算法及多元线性回归法，具有良好的预测效果。     

水质评价模式识别的BP神经网络方法

水质受多个因素的影响，而且这些作用多是非线性的。其水质评价的实质是实现一个非线性映射。由于具有任意个隐层节点的前馈神经网络可以以任意精度逼近一个连续函数，因此，目前得到普遍应用的是采用BP算法的多层前馈神经网络。文中运用人工神经网络的反向传播（BP）算法进行了实例评价，与其它方法相比，评价精度较高，方法简单易行。     

BP人工神经网络在环境空气SO_2质量浓度预测中的应用

根据西安市雁塔区小寨环境空气监测点2011年7月31日起400 d的SO224小时平均浓度监测数据时间序列建立BP人工神经网络(ANN)预测模型,并用接下来100 d的数据对模型的仿真性能进行检验,从而验证了BP人工神经网络模型预测环境空气SO224小时平均浓度的可行性与准确度。经反复调试,最终选用2-3-1的网络结构并以trainbr作为训练算法,经34次迭代网络收敛,耗时7 s,预测结果相对于实际监测数据的平均绝对百分比误差为0.082,模型显示出良好的预测性能。预测结果表明,结构设定合理、训练算法选用适宜的BP人工神经网络模型能较好地反映SO2浓度的动态变化规律,具有可行性。     

大气环境质量的人工神经网络决策模型

为了对环境质量进行综合评价，运用误差反向传播算法的人工神经网络方法建立了环境质量评价的Ｂ－Ｐ决策模型，用此模型研究实例的大气环境质量，结果表明Ｂ－Ｐ网络用于环境质量评价具有客观性和实用性     

船舶区域溢油风险程度甄别的人工神经网络方法

利用误差反向传播 (BP)人工神经网络 ,建立了海域船舶溢油风险程度甄别的评价模型。该模型能够反映出研究海域各区域发生船舶溢油事件的风险等级差别 ,具有一定的客观性和实用性。     

B－P网络用于水质综合评价方法的研究

本文应用误差反向传播（Ｂ—Ｐ）算法的人工神经网络建立了水质综合评价模型。该模型应用于实例的水质评价结果表明Ｂ—Ｐ网络用于水质综合评价具有客观性和实用性。     

B－P网络用于水质综合评价方法的研究

本文应用误差反向传播（Ｂ—Ｐ）算法的人工神经网络建立了水质综合评价模型。该模型应用于实例的水质评价结果表明Ｂ—Ｐ网络用于水质综合评价具有客观性和实用性。     

BP神经网络在流溪河水库径流量预测中的应用

流溪河水库是广州市的主要饮用水源地,所属地区降雨量年际变化大,不利于水资源的优化配置。对流溪河水库径流量进行预测研究,可为其水资源的优化配置提供科学依据。目前人工神经网络(ANN)技术在水文序列模拟预测中有较多的应用,本文根据流溪河水库1959~2000年水文数据,利用BP神经网络对径流量进行预测,从模型检验结果看,所建模型有较好的拟合效果和预测精度,说明神经网络在预测径流量方面有良好的实用性。     

基于人工神经网络模型预测ABR反应器处理效率

ABR反应器的处理效率受多方面的因素影响，本文通过BP人工神经网络，利用ABR反应器进水CODcr浓度、容积负荷、温度、稳定运行时间四个参数对其反应器处理效率进行预测。结果表明，BP人工神经网络可较好的用于ABR反应器处理效率的预测，具有较高的精度，在实际生产中，可以运用人工神经网络，对ABR反应器的运行参数进行调整，使之达到最优化的运行状态。     

加速腐蚀环境下LD2CS铝合金腐蚀损伤分析方法

目的研究LD2CS铝合金腐蚀损伤数据的分析方法。方法针对LD2CS铝合金腐蚀坑深度值,采用最小二乘支持向量机、BP人工神经网络和求和自回归移动平均等3种模型进行回归和预测分析。对比总结各种模型在小样本递增时间序列下的应用特点。结果对于LD2CS铝合金腐蚀坑深度值预测,最小二乘支持向量机在回归和预测上都有较高的精度。结论最小二乘支持向量机模型最适合LD2CS铝合金的腐蚀坑深度值预测。     

Influencing factors and prediction of ambient Peroxyacetyl nitrate concentration in Beijing, China

Peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs) are important secondary pollutants in ground-level atmosphere. Accurate prediction of atmospheric pollutant concentrations is crucial to guide effective precautions for before and during specific pollution events. In this study, four models based on the back-propagation (BP) artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR) methods were used to predict the hourly average PAN concentrations at Peking University, Beijing, in 2014. The model inputs were atmospheric pollutant data and meteorological parameters. Model 3 using a BP-ANN based on the original variables achieved the best prediction results among the four models, with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.7089, mean bias error of ? 0.0043 ppb, mean absolute error of 0.4836?ppb, root mean squared error of 0.5320?ppb, and Willmott's index of agreement of 0.8214. Based on a comparison of the performance indices of the MLR and BP-ANN models, we concluded that the BP-ANN model was able to capture the highly non-linear relationships between PAN concentration and the conventional atmospheric pollutant and meteorological parameters, providing more accurate results than the traditional MLR models did, with a markedly higher goodness of R. The selected meteorological and atmospheric pollutant parameters described a sufficient amount of PAN variation, and thus provided satisfactory prediction results. More specifically, the BP-ANN model performed very well for capturing the variation pattern when PAN concentrations were low. The findings of this study address some of the existing knowledge gaps in this research field and provide a theoretical basis for future regional air pollution control.     

金属离子对青霉素菌渣厌氧发酵产气模型分析

为比较响应面法与反向传播神经网络法在厌氧发酵过程中的应用效果,以青霉素菌渣为原料,通过单因素和Box-Behnken法设计试验,在发酵体系中添加不同量的Fe²⁺、Co²⁺、Ni²⁺,以确定其对青霉素菌渣厌氧产气性能的影响.结果表明,Fe²⁺、Co²⁺、Ni²⁺单一最佳添加量为：500mg/L、30mg/L、0.3mg/L,产沼气量较对照分别提高了：102.18%、45.48%、60.12%.其促进作用随添加浓度增大呈现：弱-强-弱趋势.使用响应面法及反向传播神经网络法对金属离子添加量进行建模优化,并使用批式厌氧发酵进行验证.响应面法建模预测Fe²⁺、Co²⁺、Ni²⁺最佳混合添加浓度为：440.94mg/L、16.22mg/L、0.39mg/L,预测累积产沼气量为1314.49mL,R²=0.972,试验与验证相对误差为4.65%;反向传播神经网络法建模Fe²⁺、Co²⁺、Ni²⁺最佳混合添加浓度为495mg/L、21mg/L、0.5mg/L,预测产沼气量为1551.55mL,R²=0.991,试验与验证相对误差为0.47%.反向传播神经网络法建模具有更好的拟合效果且与验证试验误差小,是一种更有效的仿真方法.说明该方法在优化厌氧发酵金属离子添加具有应用潜力,同时也为厌氧发酵条件优化提供新思路.     

沈阳市环境空气质量天气模式预报方法

应用2003年和2004年6月~8月天气形势资料和同期环境空气自动监测数据进行统计分析,建立夏季天气模式预报方法,同时应用2005年资料进行验证,预报效果较好,环境空气中首要污染物———可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的级别预报准确率、趋势预报准确率和总站发布预报范围准确率分别达到60%、80%和90%,该预报方法可作为业务预报使用。     

Forecasting of dissolved oxygen in the Guanting reservoir using an optimized NGBM (1,1) model

An optimized nonlinear grey Bernoulli model was proposed by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the parameter optimization problem. In addition, each item in the first-order accumulated generating sequence was set in turn as an initial condition to determine which alternative would yield the highest forecasting accuracy. To test the forecasting performance, the optimized models with different initial conditions were then used to simulate dissolved oxygen concentrations in the Guanting reservoir inlet and outlet(China). The empirical results show that the optimized model can remarkably improve forecasting accuracy, and the particle swarm optimization technique is a good tool to solve parameter optimization problems. What's more, the optimized model with an initial condition that performs well in in-sample simulation may not do as well as in out-of-sample forecasting.     

Forecasting of dissolved oxygen in the Guanting reservoir using an optimized NGBM (1,1) model

An optimized nonlinear grey Bernoulli model was proposed by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the parameter optimization problem. In addition, each item in the first-order accumulated generating sequence was set in turn as an initial condition to determine which alternative would yield the highest forecasting accuracy. To test the forecasting performance, the optimized models with different initial conditions were then used to simulate dissolved oxygen concentrations in the Guanting reservoir inlet and outlet (China). The empirical results show that the optimized model can remarkably improve forecasting accuracy, and the particle swarm optimization technique is a good tool to solve parameter optimization problems. What's more, the optimized model with an initial condition that performs well in in-sample simulation may not do as well as in out-of-sample forecasting.     

Forecasting of dissolved oxygen in the Guanting reservoir using an optimized NGBM (1,1) model

An optimized nonlinear grey Bernoulli model was proposed by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the parameter optimization problem. In addition, each item in the first-order accumulated generating sequence was set in turn as an initial condition to determine which alternative would yield the highest forecasting accuracy. To test the forecasting performance, the optimized models with different initial conditions were then used to simulate dissolved oxygen concentrations in the Guanting reservoir inlet and outlet (China). The empirical results show that the optimized model can remarkably improve forecasting accuracy, and the particle swarm optimization technique is a good tool to solve parameter optimization problems. What's more, the optimized model with an initial condition that performs well in in-sample simulation may not do as well as in out-of-sample forecasting.     

基于BP模型的大气污染预报方法的研究

BP模型是目前最为广泛应用的神经网络模型之一,它是一种简单而又非常有效的算法.笔者将BP网络模型引入到大气污染预报领域,并根据大气污染物含量与气象要素的关系建立了大气污染物含量的神经网络预报模型.计算结果表明,BP模型应用于大气污染预报具有较高的预测精度和良好的泛化能力,它为信息社会的城市空气污染预报工作提供了一种全新的思路和方法.      

国外环保投资预测方法研究综述

国外在环保投资方面有着丰富的经验,环保投资预测模型或者方法对中国有着良好的借鉴价值。首先介绍了不同国家和国际组织—中国、美国、英国、日本、德国、欧盟的环保投资的特征与内涵,其次详细分析了国外环保投资的三种预测方法,主要有OECD的FEASIBLE模型、投入产出法、均匀污染法,并且从预测内容、预测范围和预测时间、预测精度、数据要求等方面对不同方法的优缺点进行了对比分析,最后为中国环保投资预测研究提出了一些建议。     

城市空气质量数值预报方法研究

城市空气质量数值预报,在时空分辨率和预报客观性方面具有明显优势,是未来城市空气质量预报的主要发展方向。以济南市为例,探索建立了一套较为成熟的城市空气质量数值预报方法。该方法采用高分辨率对流层化学模式系统为预报模式基础,同时根据济南市特点对模式系统进行修正,取得了较好的预报效果。此外,该模式系统由于能够较为准确地模拟城市范围内污染物的时空分布,在城市空气污染防治规划方面具有较为广泛的应用前景。