凹凸棒石处理电泳漆废水研究

凹凸棒石及其活化产物对阳极电泳漆废水ＣＯＤ和色度有较好的吸附去除能力，对ＣＯＤ的吸附作用符合Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ吸附等温式并呈现一级反应动力学的特征。提高温度和在较高的酸度或碱度条件下均将有利于ＣＯＤ的去除。常温下与聚丙烯酰胺组合使用，可使ＣＯＤ值较高的废水达到或接近排放标准。凹凸棒石经过适当处理可重复使用，效果良好。     

北京地区几种典型土壤吸附Zn的研究

对北京地区５种不同土壤吸附Ｚｎ的研究证明,该５种土壤对Ｚｎ的吸附均匀符合Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｉｌｃｈ吸附等温线,其吸附量与土壤ｐＨ,有机质和ＣａＣＯ３的含量等土壤基本性质呈正相关,所研究的５种土壤均属于褐土类,其中有机质含量低的褐土性和水稻土对Ｚｎ的吸附量最低。     

混凝氧化吸附法处理精研精抛清洗废液

采用混凝氧化吸附法处理精研精抛清洗废液，对６种混凝剂的ＰＨ值、投加量及氧化剂Ｈ２Ｏ２的投加量进行了筛选，同时简单地分析了混凝氧化反应机理，经混凝氧化处理后，ＣＯＤ值由１２０００ｍｇ／Ｌ降至５００ｍｇ／Ｌ左右，ＣＯＤ去除率达９５％；最后进行活性碳吸附，ＣＯＤ值达到国家排放标准。     

化学絮凝－过滤－活性炭处理工业洗衣机废水的试验

本文介绍了采用化学絮凝→过滤→活性炭吸附处理工业洗衣机排水的试验研究。试验表明：用该法处理工业洗衣机排水，ＣＯＤＣｒ去除率达９５％以上，出水ＣＯＤＣｒ低于１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

物化-厌氧-好氧-溶气吸附工艺在毛条废水治理中的应用

介绍了应用物化 厌氧 好氧 溶气吸附工艺治理毛条废水（ＣＯＤＣｒ浓度１３８０００～１５６００ｍｇ／Ｌ）的工程实例。一年多的运行情况表明ＣＯＤＣｒ去除率达９９３％。     

煤渣在废水处理中的应用

综述了煤渣吸附处理工业废水的基本原理，应用状况及煤渣吸附法处理废水的特点，指出煤渣吸附法对废水中ＣＯＤ的去除是有效的。     

化学絮凝—过滤—活性炭处理工业洗衣机废水的试验

本文介绍了采用化学絮凝→过滤→活性炭吸附处理工业洗衣机排水的试验研究，试验表明：用该法处理工业洗衣机排水，ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率达９５％以上，出水ＣＯＤｃｒ低于１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

海洋沉积物对重金属吸附特性研究

以渤海湾北部海域沉积物为研究对象,研究其对重金属Cu2+、Pb2+的吸附特性。将沉积物分为不同粒级,通过吸附动力学、吸附突跃和吸附等温实验,探讨粒度、pH值、吸附时间和吸附剂初始浓度对重金属吸附的影响。结果表明,沉积物粒径越小,对重金属的吸附量越大;吸附平衡时间有所差异,但在1.5 h均能达到吸附平衡;吸附量均随pH值升高而逐渐增加,但铜的吸附较铅的吸附速度快;铜的吸附量与吸附剂初始浓度呈线性关系,而铅的吸附量在初始浓度较低时变化明显,随初始浓度增加吸附量增加减小;铜的吸附等温线符合Freundlich型,而铅吸附等温线符合Langmuir型,吸附类型存在差异。     

粘土吸附剂的除铅性能及热力学研究

本文报道了粘土吸附剂自溶液中吸附铅的吸附性能及热力学性能．该吸附剂吸附铅的最佳处理条件为：用３ＭＨ２ＳＯ４振荡处理４ｈ，然后在２００℃下培烧２ｈ，该吸附为放热过程．饱和吸附量为１６．８ｍｇ／ｇ，符合Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ吸附等温线，其吸附热为－６０９．６Ｊ／ｍｏｌ．     

水解酸化─厌氧─好氧─混凝─吸附工艺处理洁霉素生产丁提高浓度有机废水

采用水解酸化厌氧好氧混凝吸附工艺处理洁霉素生产丁提高浓度有机废水，工程实践表明，ＣＯＤＣｒ和ＢＯＤ５去除率在９９％以上，所排废水各项指标达到国家排放标准。     

厌氧颗粒污泥对有机污染物的初期吸附机制

为研究厌氧颗粒污泥对废水中有机污染物的初期吸附机制,在实验室条件下,采用静态、序批的方法考察了活的和灭活的厌氧颗粒污泥对废水中有机污染物COD的初期吸附率之差异,推算了吸附过程中热力学参数值,并对厌氧颗粒污泥初期吸附有机污染物前后的红外光谱进行了比对分析,结果表明,厌氧颗粒污泥对废水中有机污染物的初期吸附是一个复杂的综合过程,初期吸附作用主要表现为物理吸附,占总吸附去除COD的70%多,其次为生物吸附,大约在总吸附去除COD的20%～35%之间。红外光谱分析表明,厌氧颗粒污泥表面上的一些功能基团参与了对有机污染物的吸附作用,这些基团包括-OH、-CH2、-CH3、P-H、C=O、C-N及S=O。     

Equilibrium and kinetics of copper(Ⅱ) biosorption by Myriophyllum spicatum L.

The potential use of Myriophyllum spicatum L. biomass as a biosorbent for the removal of copper（ Ⅱ ） from aqueous solution was investigated in laboratory condition. The sorption experiments were undertaken to obtain copper（ Ⅱ ） biosorption properties of M. spicatum L., i.e. equilibrium time, the maximum capacity, and rate constants. Copper（ Ⅱ ） biosorption was fast and equilibrium was attained within 35 min at initial copper（ Ⅱ ） concentration of 6 mg/L. Different isotherm models including the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Redlich-Peterson model, were used to investigate the sorption capacity and isotherm. These models showed an excellent match with the experimental data except for the Freundlich model. According to the Langmuir coefficients, the maximum sorption capacity of copper onto M. spicatum L. was 10.80 mg/g. The kinetics of copper（ Ⅱ ） sorption was also analysed and rate constants were derived. It was found that the overall sorption process was best described by the pseudo second-order equation, and that intraparticle diffusion was not the rate determining step. The results of this study showed that M. spicatum L. can be considered as useful vehicles for the removal and recovery of copper（ Ⅱ ） from aqueous solutions.     

藻类对有机污染物生物吸附的研究进展

随着工业的迅猛发展,越来越多的有毒有机污染物被排放到环境中,进而引起一系列环境问题。大量研究表明,生物吸附已经成为去除有毒有机污染物的重要方法,而藻类作为一种理想的生物吸附剂,具有良好的吸附和降解有机污染物的能力。概述了藻类对染料、酚类、多环芳烃三种具有代表性的有毒有机污染物的生物吸附。     

Equilibrium and kinetics of copper(Ⅱ) biosorption by Myriophyllum spicatum L.

The potential use of Myriophyllum spicatum L. biomass as a biosorbent for the removal of copper(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution was investigated in laboratory condition. The sorption experiments were undertaken to obtain copper (Ⅱ) biosorption properties of M.spicatum L., i.e. equilibrium time, the maximum capacity, and rate constants. Copper(Ⅱ) biosorption was fast and equilibrium was attaine1 within 35 min at initial copper(Ⅱ) concentration of 6 mg/L. Different isotherm models including the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Redlich-Peterson model, were used to investigate the sorption capacity and isotherm. These models showed an excellent match with the experimental data except for the Freundlich model. According to the Langmuir coefficients, the maximum sorption capacity of copper onto M. spicatum L. was 10.80 mg/g. The kinetics of copper(Ⅱ) sorption was also analysed and rate constants were derived. It was found that the overall sorption process was best described by the pseudo second-order equation, and that intraparticle diffusion was not the rate determining step. The results of this study showed that M. spicatum L. can be considered as useful vehicles for the removal and recovery of copper(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions.     

重金属离子的生物吸附容量与离子性质之间的关系

利用金属离子毒性评价和预测领域中的QSAR方法,探讨了重金属离子性质对生物吸附容量的影响．选用啤酒工业废弃的酿酒酵母为生物吸附剂,进行了10种金属离子Ag^＋,Cs^＋,Zn^＋,Pb^2＋,Ni^2＋,Cu^2＋,CO^2＋,Sr^2＋,Cd^2＋,Cr^3＋的生物吸附实验．选用22种参数来表征金属离子的物理化学性质,建立了金属的离子特性与生物吸附容量之间的关系．利用Langmuir方程计算得到酵母吸附金属离子的理论最大吸附量qmax,由大到小排序为Pb^2＋〉Ag^＋〉Cr^3＋〉Cu^2＋〉Zn^2＋〉Cd^2＋〉Co^2＋〉Sr^2＋〉Ni^2＋〉Cs^＋．离子性质与吸附量之间的线性拟合分析结果表明,共价指数Xm^2r与qmax具有良好的线性关系,共价指数越高,离子吸附量越大,金属离子与吸附剂表面官能团共价结合所占比重越大,键结合越牢固．对金属离子进行分类（按价态或离子的软硬性质）可以改善拟合效果．极化力Z^2／r、水解常数｜lgKOH｜、电离势,尸等多种物化性质与不含软离子的离子之间的理论最大吸附量也表现出良好的线性关系．     

微囊藻对锑(V)生物吸附作用研究

以富营养化湖泊水华暴发的主要藻种-微囊藻干物质作为生物吸附剂,考察不同生物量、初始pH值、吸附时间等因素对废水中锑（V）生物去除作用的影响,探讨微囊藻对Sb（V）的生物吸附性能;通过zeta电位和红外光谱技术揭示其吸附机理,并推断其反应方程式.结果表明：在室温条件下,吸附剂用量为0.5g：20mL,pH值为2.0,时间为1h时,Sb（V）的生物吸附达到最大容量为5.84mg/g（以干重计）,吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温方程（R²=0.993）,生物吸附动力学过程遵循假二级动力学模型（R²=0.994）.在pH值2.0~9.0范围内,其生物吸附效率随pH值增加逐渐下降.Zeta电位和ATR-IR光谱结果表明微囊藻细胞壁表面的氨基、羧基和羟基为Sb（V）的主要吸附位点,其中质子化的氨基通过静电吸引作用结合Sb（V）,羧基和羟基则通过表面络合作用与Sb（V）结合形成内源络合物.     

Biosorption of cesium（Ⅰ） from aqueous solution by a novel exopolymers secreted from Pseudomonas fluorescens C-2： Equilibrium and kinetic studies

The biosorption characteristics of Cs(I) ions from aqueous solution using exopolymers (PFC02) produced from Pseudomonas fluorescens C-2 were investigated as a function of pH, biosorbent dosage, contact time and initial concentration. pH played a major role in the adsorption process, and the optimum pH for the removal of Cs(I) was 8.0. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) models were applied to describe the biosorption isotherm of the Cs(I) ions by PFC02. The Lagergren first-order, pseudo second-order kinetic and intraparticle diffusion models were used to test the kinetic data. Langmuir model and D-R model fitted the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich isotherm. The monolayer adsorption capacities of PFC02 as obtained from Langmuir isotherm at 25°C was found to be 32.63 mg/g. From the D-R isotherm model, the mean free energy was calculated as 26.73 kJ/mol, indicating that the biosorption of cesium was chemisorption. The biosorption process was rapid, and the kinetic rates were best fitted to the pseudo second-order model, which indicated the biosorption process operated through chemisorption mechanism. FT-IR analysis of PFC02 showed the possible functional groups responsible for cesium adsorption were hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl and sulphonate groups. SEM analysis showed the porous structure of the material while EDX analysis confirmed the adsorption of Cs(I) on PFC02. Cesium adsorbed onto the PFC02 could be desorbed efficiently using 1 mol/L HNO3, and the enrichment factor was 50.0. Furthermore, PFC02 could be reused five times with only about 8.25% regeneration loss. The developed method was successfully utilized for the removal of Cs(I) ions from aqueous solution.     

铆钉菇(Gomphidius viscidus)菌丝对Cu(Ⅱ)的生物吸附特性

在离体条件下研究了外生菌根真菌铆钉菇(Gomphidius viscidus)菌丝对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附动力学和热力学特性,并采用二级动力学方程Freundlich和Langmuir吸附等温线模型拟合G.viscidus菌丝的生物吸附特性.同时,考察了G.viscidus菌丝在不同温度和Cu(Ⅱ)起始浓度下,各自对Cu(Ⅱ)吸附能力和吸附率所造成的影响.结果表明:G.viscidus活性菌丝在2h时达到最大吸附速率,16h时达到最大平衡吸附量,其主动吸附使得对Cu(Ⅱ)具有很高的平衡吸附比例;G.viscidus活性菌丝和非活性菌丝均对Cu(Ⅱ)具有很大的吸附量,分别为25℃时的15.12与36.13mg·g-1(以干重计)和30℃时的16.23与10.42mg·g-1(以干重计);G.viscidus非活性菌丝对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附能力随温度升高而降低,G.viscidus活性菌丝则无显著变化;G.viscidus菌丝对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附能力随Cu(Ⅱ)初始浓度增加而增大,吸附率随初始浓度增加而减小.     

Biosorption of Cr(III) from aqueous solution by freeze-dried activated sludge: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Batch biosorption experiments were conducted to remove Cr(III) from aqueous solutions using activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant. An investigation was conducted on the effects of the initial pH, contact time, temperature, and initial Cr(III) concentration in the biosorption process. The results revealed that the activated sludge exhibited the highest Cr(III) uptake capacity (120 mg·g⁻¹) at 45°C, initial pH of 4, and initial Cr(III) concentration of 100 mg·L⁻¹. The biosorption results obtained at various temperatures showed that the biosorption pattern accurately followed the Langmuir model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters, ΔGo° ( − 0.8–4.58 kJ·mol⁻¹), ΔH° (15.6–44.4 kJ·mol⁻¹), and ΔS° (0.06–0.15 kJ·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹) clearly indicated that the biosorption process was feasible, spontaneous, endothermic, and physical. The pseudo first-order and second-order kinetic models were adopted to describe the experimental data, which revealed that the Cr(III) biosorption process conformed to the second-order rate expression and the biosorption rate constants decreased with increasing Cr (III) concentration. The analysis of the values of biosorption activation energy (E _a = −7 kJ·mol⁻¹) and the intraparticle diffusion model demonstrated that Cr(III) biosorption was film-diffusion-controlled.     

响应曲面法优化油茶饼对活性红15的生物吸附特征及机理

基于“以废治废”的理念,以农林业废弃物——油茶饼为原料制备生物吸附剂,吸附去除废水中的RR15(C.I. Reactive Red 15,活性红15)染料,并采用响应曲面法中的Box-Behnken设计对油茶饼生物吸附剂吸附RR15的条件进行优化. 结果表明:pH对油茶饼生物吸附剂吸附RR15的吸附容量和去除率均有显著影响(P<0.000 1);当pH为1.0、初始ρ(RR15)为300 mg/L、吸附温度为20 ℃时,油茶饼生物吸附剂对RR15的吸附效果最佳. 相比于Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温线模型,Temkin吸附等温线模型可以更好地描述油茶饼生物吸附剂对RR15的吸附平衡数据. 吸附温度为20 ℃时,由Langmuir吸附等温线模型计算得到的Q0(吸附剂的单层饱和吸附量)为74.63 mg/g. 动力学分析显示,油茶饼生物吸附剂对RR15的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型(R2>0.999 7),支持了限速步骤是化学吸附的理论;内部扩散和边界层扩散都可能影响吸附速率. 热力学分析表明,该吸附过程是一个自发的放热过程. FTIR(fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,傅里叶变换红外光谱)分析发现,油茶饼生物吸附剂上羟基、胺基等官能团可能是RR15染料的主要结合位点. 研究显示,油茶饼生物吸附剂是一种具有潜力的绿色吸附剂,可以有效去除废水中的RR15染料.