CGH in the detection of confined placental mosaicism (CPM) in placentas of abnormal pregnancies

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was applied to samples taken from various sites of placentas originating from complicated pregnancies: 24 with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), one with multiple fetal malformation, one with toxemia, one with hydrocephalus and two with undetectable maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP). One of the most common aberrations in the IUGR cases was the addition of a whole or part of the X chromosome. Other aberrations such as additional Y chromosome or of 13(q22) or loss of chromosome 17 also appeared in different cases. In one IUGR case trisomy 8 (in one site) and 47,XXY (in all sites) were detected. In the two cases with undetectable MSAFP monosomy 16 was found. Some of the results were also confirmed by the FISH technique. In all the control cases (six normal and five with aneuploidy) CGH concurred with the known karyotype. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of the CGH technique in the genetic evaluation of fresh and paraffin embedded placentas in problematic pregnancies even when morphology is normal. However, it is very important to take multiple samples from different sites of the placenta. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stereological quantification of placental villus vascularization and its relation to umbilical artery Doppler flow in intrauterine growth restriction

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the number of vessels within tertiary stem villi and intermediate/terminal villi which may be responsible for the abnormalities in placental vascular resistance and Doppler velocity index values in growth-restricted fetuses. The placentas of 20 cases with intrauterine growth restriction and 30 cases which were appropriate for gestational age were studied. The umbilical artery resistance index, pulsatility index and systolic to diastolic ratio were measured in each case. The vessels were quantified by a stereological method described previously and vascular surface density and the volume portion of the villi were calculated. The placentas of preterm and term cases with intrauterine growth restriction displayed significant reductions in the vascular surface density of stem and intermediate/terminal villi and volume portion of intermediate/terminal villi stroma when compared with gestation-matched normally grown cases (p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between Doppler index values of the umbilical artery and the stereological parameters of the intermediate/terminal and stem villi in the intrauterine growth restriction group (p>0.05). Some of the pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction (six patients) with normal Doppler flow velocity waveforms had reduced vascularization in the placentas, and these pregnancies were found to have no perinatal complications. We conclude that,although the placental villi show reduced vascularization in pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction, the Doppler indices may be normal and this normal flow pattern is related to reduced complication rate. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

镉对孕鼠胎盘激素合成功能的毒性效应

为探究孕期低剂量镉暴露对胎盘激素合成功能的毒性效应,选择雌三醇和孕酮激素作为研究对象,基于研究的孕期低剂量镉暴露小鼠模型,通过生物化学方法检测镉暴露小鼠的血液和胎盘中的雌三醇和孕酮激素含量及其合成底物浓度,并通过实时定量PCR法对胎盘中相关激素合成基因的表达水平进行检测.结果表明,孕期低剂量镉暴露可导致小鼠血清和胎盘中...