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城镇污水处理厂尾水作为城市受纳水体的潜在污染源,对城市水环境的影响不容忽视。在当前面临水环境治理挑战的前提下,对污水处理厂尾水排入城市水体后造成的影响进行系统性研究,对改善尾水排放对受纳水体的作用具有重要意义。文章介绍了我国污水处理厂尾水和城市水环境的现状,综述了国内外污水处理厂尾水排放对城市水环境影响的研究,主要介绍了尾水排放对下游水体营养盐负荷和底栖微生物群落及功能菌的影响,以及水质水动力模型在该研究方向的应用,并根据国内外该领域的研究现状提出了后续需要进行深入研究的方向。 相似文献
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对于地处长江边的污水处理厂而言,其建设与运行将直接影响排污口所在江段取水口的水环境安全。结合具体案例(上海通用汽车武汉项目配套基础设施金口污水处理厂的环境影响评价)的分析,认为以长江为尾水排放通道的污水处理厂,其环境影响评价应重点关注厂址选择、尾水排放、污水处理方案优化、风险评价、恶臭评价及污泥的处置等问题,并提出相应的措施和建议,最大程度减少污水处理厂的环境负面影响。 相似文献
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水源补给不足是高原富营养化湖泊治理的难点,污水处理厂尾水补给可有效增加入湖水量。基于氮、磷形态的变化分析,对污水处理厂尾水进入景观河道和入湖口汇水区的变化特征开展实验。结果发现:污水处理厂尾水中氮、磷含量可达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准,NO_3~--N含量占比超过93%。河道中氮、磷含量随河道延伸有波动但总体呈下降趋势。在汇水区,草海水倒灌对河道水体中的氮、磷起到稀释作用,ρ(TN)和ρ(TP)分别达到5. 74,0. 258 mg/L。河道中底泥的氮、磷含量均高于水体中的,说明经过长期累积底泥已吸附了大量的N、P,但汇水区因受到草海水体中悬浮颗粒物沉降的影响,底泥中的氮含量低于水体中。因此,建议在利用尾水补给草海水源时,应在河道中栽种一些沉水植物来吸收NO_3~--N。 相似文献
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污水处理厂尾水的持续排放会重塑受纳河流的理化和生物条件,对河流水质和水生态产生潜在影响.选取惠州市东江沿线2座污水处理厂的受纳河流进行水样采集及分析,利用高通量测序进行样品DNA分析,系统研究细菌和真菌群落的组成结构及其分布,结合水体的理化指标更全面地反映尾水排放对受纳河流的影响.结果表明,污水处理厂尾水排放口处TP和NH4+-N等营养盐指标均高于受纳河流上游,尾水排放对受纳河流微生物的影响显著,细菌群落的丰富度明显降低.对受纳河流微生物群落组成和水体理化指标进行统计分析,发现DOM、TP和NH4+-N的变化对浮游微生物群落结构可能起关键作用.通过对浮游细菌和真菌群落结构及水体的理化性质综合分析研究,能够更加全面地揭示污水处理厂尾水排放对受纳河流引起的复合生态效应,对污水处理厂提标改造和城市河流的保护具有重大意义. 相似文献
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生化生态组合人工湿地系统对城镇污水处理厂尾水的净化效果研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
以江阴市新桥镇人工湿地系统为研究对象,采用生态生化组合湿地工艺处理污水处理厂尾水,研究生物-生态组合湿地的运行状况和小城镇污水处理厂尾水的进一步净化效果。研究结果表明:生物生态组合人工湿地系统对尾水中污染物具有较好的去除效果,对COD、氨氮、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为29%、31%、18%和8%,平均出水浓度分别为35.54,0.97,10.77,0.11 mg/L,完全符合GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准。研究结果能够为城镇污水处理厂尾水生态处理技术和管理的改进提供数据支撑和理论基础,为以后湿地生态系统的推广和示范研究提供直接的理论依据和实践经验。 相似文献
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河源城南污水处理厂尾水深度处理效果的研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
河源市城南污水处理厂利用垂直流人工湿地对该厂A2-O工艺处理的尾水进行深度处理,研究了人工湿地对尾水中TN、NH4+-N、TP、COD、BOD5的去除效果。结果表明:人工湿地对污水处理厂尾水具有较好的深度处理效果,垂直流人工湿地处理系统对尾水中TN、NH4+-N、TP、COD和BOD5平均去除率分别达到97.4%、97.8%、95.06%、91.87%和95.87%以上,其出水水质基本达GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准,地表水Ⅲ类标准。 相似文献
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Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity (both in gene richness and diversity index values) and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor (50 mg/kg) recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos (150 mg/kg) caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos (250 mg/kg) produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes (bands) responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals: four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera. 相似文献
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Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize (Zea mays L.) grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
XIA Yun-sheng CHEN Bao-dong CHRISTIE Peter SMITH F Andrew WANG You-shan LI Xiao-lin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(10):1245-1251
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility. 相似文献
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DING Zhen-hu TANG Qing-he LIU Cai-e WANG Wen-hu ZHUANG Min LIN Yi-ming 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(2):200-204
Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury (HgT), combinative mercury (Hgc) and gaseous mercury (HgG), and content of total organic carbon (TOC), but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of (HgG,/HgT)1992〉(HgG/HgT)1996〉〉(HgG/HgT)2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn: with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants (e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum) are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants. 相似文献
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Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA. 相似文献
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Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato (Solanum tuberosum) and brinjal (Solanum melongena), for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation. 相似文献
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Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor. 相似文献
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The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol (PCP) oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration (CMC). Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme. 相似文献
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Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
RemovalofheavymetalsfromsewagesludgebylowcostingchemicalmethodandrecyclinginagricultureWuQitang,NyirandegePascasie,MoCehuiF... 相似文献
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Organochlorine pesticides in soils under different land usage in the
Taihu Lake region, China 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
WANG Fang JIANG Xin BIAN Yong-rong YAO Fen-xi GAO Hong-jian YU Gui-fen Jean Charles MUNCH Reiner SCHROLL 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(5):584-590
A field study was conducted in the Taihu Lake region, China in 2004 to reveal the organochlorine pesticide concentrations in soils after the ban of these substances in the year 1983. Thirteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in soils from paddy field, tree land and fallow land. Total organochlorine pesticide residues were higher in agricultural soils than in uncultivated fallow land soils. Among all the pesticides, ΣDDX (DDD, DDE and DDT) had the highest concentration for all the soil samples, ranging from 3.10 ng/g to 166.55 ng/g with a mean value of 57.04 ng/g and followed by ΣHCH, ranging from 0.73 ng/g to 60.97 ng/g with a mean value of 24.06 ng/g. Dieldrin, endrin, HCB and α-endosulfan were also found in soils with less than 15 ng/g. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT in soils under three land usages were: paddy field > tree land > fallow land, indicating that land usage inlfuenced the degradation of DDT in soils. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT >1, showing aged residues of DDTs in soils of the Taihu Lake region. The results were discussed with data from a former study that showed very low actual concentrations of HCH and DDT in soils in the Taihu Lake region, but according to the chemical half-lives and their concentrations in soils in 1980s, the concentration of DDT in soils seemed to be underestimated. In any case our data show that the ban on the use of HCH and DDT resulted in a tremendous reduction of these pesticide residues in soils, but there are still high amounts of pesticide residues in soils, which need more remediation processes. 相似文献
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The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury (Hg) on urease activity in 4 soils (meadow burozem and phaeozem) was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase (up to 13%-21%) in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship (P〈0.05) between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose (ED50) values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations. 相似文献