红外分光光度法测定石油类项目中器皿的洗涤及样品的预处理

目前/16488-1996以红外分光我度法为测定石油类的第一方法。该法用四氯化碳作萃取剂，四氯化碳用量大。四氯化碳是有毒、挥发性较强的有机溶剂。在监测该项目时，地周围环境往往造成较大的影响，对监测人员的身体健康影响很大。本文以最大限度地减少四氯化碳的用量和操作步骤出发，提出一套操作性强的样品预处理方法。又因为所用器皿的清洁度对地面水监测结果的影响较大，本文提出一种简便的器皿洗涤方法。     

浅析红外分光测油法对线性关系影响的因素

文章采用红外分光测油仪(JDS-106A型)对油标液进行测量,通过实验方法考察了红外分光测油法标准曲线线性的影响因素,对标准系列的配制方式、标准浓度的高低、比色皿的选用、仪器的状态不同等方面分别进行探讨,结果表明在合适的标液配制和一定的仪器状态下,可以得到较好的线性关系。     

衰减全反射红外光度法测定油含量的研究

介绍了衰减全反射红外光度法的基本原理以及计算该方法的定量分析依据一衰势波穿透深度。利用该方法测定系列样品的吸光度,绘制出标准曲线（相关系数r=0．99）,以测定四氯化碳中未知混合油含量,并与透射红外光度法比较。结果表明：该法可做为国标法的参考方法。     

衰减全反射红外光度法测定油含量的研究

介绍了衰减全反射红外光度法的基本原理以及计算该方法的定量分析依据一衰势波穿透深度。利用该方法测定系列样品的吸光度,绘制出标准曲线（相关系数r=0．99）,以测定四氯化碳中未知混合油含量,并与透射红外光度法比较。结果表明：该法可做为国标法的参考方法。     

用纳氏试剂法测定氨氮时校准曲线的时效性研究

采用纳氏试剂分光光度法测定氨氮,在主要试剂配制好后绘制了一条参考校准曲线。分别在2周、1个月、2个月、3个月后绘制校准曲线,对当前样品检测结果与参考校准曲线代入计算的结果进行对比。结果表明,在主要试剂未重新配制的情况下,用参考校准曲线计算的结果与各时期样品检测前绘制校准曲线的计算结果无显著差异。为减少校准曲线的绘制次数,可用参考校准曲线直接代入计算样品氨氮浓度。     

水中石油类分析方法的现状

介绍了国内外水中石油类分析方法现状及存在的问题,阐明了现行国家标准方法规定的红外分光光度法的优点以及非分散红外光度法的不足,为提高我国水和废水中石油类监测数据的可比性,建议尽快推广使用红外分光光度法。对于现行方法使用的四氯化碳萃取剂在2010年被禁用的问题,提出了以四氯乙烯代替四氯化碳的建议。      

红外分光光度法测定水中石油类探讨

对红外分光光度法测定水中石油类进行了探讨,通过减少四氯化碳使用量,用玻璃纤维滤膜代替玻璃砂芯漏斗过滤脱水,对样品进行实验分析,结果能保证分析的准确度,表明该方法具有可操作性。     

红外分光光度法测定油

通过对各种测油方法的比较，得出红外分光光度法是目前最理想的测油方法，并对四氯化碳的精制及测油工作中应注意的事项进行了探讨。     

紫外分光光度法测定污水COD值的误差分析研究

针对紫外分光光度法测定污水COD值的误差分析问题,给出了实验的仪器和试剂的配制方法,如测试主要仪器设备和主要试剂的配制,介绍了测定水样的采集地点,介绍了重铬酸钾法的测定原理及步骤,重铬酸钾法的测定原理和重铬酸钾法的测定步骤,紫外分光光度法的测定原理及步骤,如紫外分光光度法的测定原理和紫外分光光度法的测定步骤,并对结果进行了讨论,紫外分光光度法,标准曲线的确定,测定的结果比较和方法的准确度和精密度比较.     

原子吸收法测定海洋沉积物中Fe、Mn、Ni的方法研究

通过收集国内外现行标准、规范,以我国海洋领域现行标准体系为基础,研究以原子吸收法测定海洋沉积物中Fe、Mn、Ni元素的干扰消除,常压消解方式,微波消解方式,标准曲线配制,原子吸收分光光度计仪器参数,上机测定等基本条件,并通过实验验证该方法的可行性,以获得能够适用于海洋环境保护领域内的标准方法。     

微囊藻粗毒素对叙利亚地鼠胚胎细胞的二阶段促癌作用研究

应用体外叙利亚金黄鼠胚胎细胞（SHE）二阶段恶性转化试验,村由太湖水中提取的微囊藻粗毒素（MRT）的促癌作用进行了研究。结果表明,微囊藻粗毒素可明显增强由低剂量3－甲基胆蒽（MCA）启动的细胞恶性转化作用,所形成的转化率明最高于阴性对照组（P0＜0.01）,并呈良好的剂量反应关系,但用微囊藻粗毒素作启动剂,以典型的促癌剂豆蔻酸乙酸大戟二萜醇酯（TPA）促进后未见恶性转化率升高。提示微囊藻粗毒素可能是环境中一种新的促癌剂,是饮致癌的重要因素之一。     

新型微生物絮凝剂的研究进展

综述了近些年来国内外微生物絮凝剂的发展概况,并对微生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理进行了探讨.分别介绍了单菌株生物絮凝剂、复合型生物絮凝剂、有效微生物群以及微生物絮凝剂的生物学研究,对微生物絮凝剂的发展趋势及其应用情况进行了分析.     

Genotoxicity evaluation and a primary risk assessment of organic pollutants in the drinking water sources of Nanjing, China

An increasing number of industrial, agricultural, and commercial chemicals in the aquatic environment leads to various deleterious effects on organisms, which is becoming an increasingly serious problem in China. In this study, the comet assay was conducted to investigate the genotoxicity to human body caused by organic concentrates in the drinking water sources of Nanjing City from Yangtze River of China, and health and ecology risk due to expose to these organic pollutants were evaluated with the multimedia environmental assessment system （MEAS）. For all the water samples, they were collected from four different locations in the drinking water sourcr samples, es of Nanjing City. The results of the comet assay showed that all the organic concentrates from the water samples could induce different levels DNA damages on human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and a statistically significant difference （p〈0.01） was observed compared with the solvent control, which demonstrated the genotoxicity was in existence. According to the ambient severity （AS） of individual compound, we had sorted out the main organic pollutants in the drinking water source of the four waterworks, and the results showed that there was some potential hazard to human body for all the source water, namely the total ambient severity （TAS） of health for each water source was more than 1. However, the TAS of ecology for each water source was less than 1, which indicated that it was safe to ecology. The results of this investigation demonstrate the application of the comet assay and the MEAS in aquatic environmental monitoring studies, and the comet assay found to be fast, sensitive, and suitable for genotoxicity monitoring programs of drinking water source.     

Maternal alphafetoproteln screening by the polypropylene tube immunoradiometric assay on dried blood

The polypropylene tube immunoradiometric assay for alphafetoprotein (AFP) determination was applied to maternal serum along with a radioimmunoassay technique during the second trimester of pregnancy. Blood from pregnant women was collected by finger prick on strips of chromatography paper (Schleicher and Schuell No. 903C) and air dried. A 4·75 mm disc spot was eluted in anti-AFP coated tubes containing 1·0 ml of assay medium. After one hour the medium was vortexed and the tubes washed and counted on a Concept 4^tm (Micro- medic Systems, Horsham, PA.19044). The sensitivity of the technique is about 9 μg/l (35 ng/l in the assay) by the Rodbard formula. The concordance between the dried blood and the serum RIA tests in normal pregnancies was over 90 per cent at the 95th and 97th percentiles. This assay on dried blood spotted on chromatography paper was tested on 1003 patients and proved to be an ideal alternative to whole serum screening techniques: it minimizes sample manipulations and can easily be integrated into an existing newborn screening programme.     

环境内分泌干扰物筛选和测试研究中的鱼类实验动物

环境内分泌干扰物的筛选与测试方法的研究是近年来环境科学领域的热点问题．在水生态毒理学研究中，目前的研究重点之一是发展方法学，如基于鱼类实验动物的离体或活体测试方法．对内分泌干扰物鱼类筛选测试的科学基础、内分泌干扰物的生物性标志、筛选测试方法以及用于内分泌干扰物筛选测试的几种主要鱼类实验动物进行了介绍，同时提出了建立适合我国实际情况的内分泌干扰筛选测试鱼类实验动物，并提出系统的鱼类实验动物培育和筛选测试方法体系的必要性．     

基于H4IIE细胞株测试间接雌激素效应物质的代谢活化方法

利用鼠肝癌细胞(H4IIE)代谢活化环境样品中间接雌激素效应物质的方法,以标准化合物双酚A和北方某污水处理厂各工艺过程的水样以及南方某水厂自来水样的有机提取物为对象,比较了代谢活化作用对雌激素效应检测结果的影响.研究结果表明,双酚A代谢活化产物的雌激素活性明显高于双酚A;环境样品中存在大量的间接雌激素效应物质,通过细胞代谢活化的方法能够检出其活性.因此,推荐将鼠肝癌细胞代谢活化与重组基因酵母检测的方法相结合,用于环境样品中直接和间接雌激素效应物质的检测.     

荧光原位杂交法检测反应器中聚磷菌实验条件优化及应用

文章简要介绍了荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术的基本原理和操作步骤。通过正交试验筛检荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术在检测反应器中聚磷菌时的最佳及适合的实验条件。结果显示,样品预处理较优的条件为：样品在固定前应先经过1×PBS清洗两次,37℃热固定3h,乙醇脱水3min;FISH技术检测反应器中聚磷菌的最佳实验条件为：杂交温度46℃,杂交时间2h,清洗缓冲液中NaCl浓度70 mmol/L。FISH技术检测反应器样品中聚磷菌与传统检测方法相比具有快捷、简便、淮确的优点,在研究环境微生物方面有较好的应用前景。     

Prenatal exclusion of metachromatic leukodystrophy by estimation of arylsulphatase a activity in chorion and cultured amniotic fluid cells

Chorion biopsy specimens were used for prenatal assay of arylsulphatase A activity in a pregnant woman whose two children had died from metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD). As in two subsequent pregnancies chorion arylsulphatase A was in the control range, it was concluded that both fetuses were healthy. Absence of MLD in the fetus from the first pregnancy was confirmed after assay of arylsuphatase A activity in fetal organs. The second pregnancy resulted in delivery of a healthy child.     

Measurement of inhibin A: a modification to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Inhibin A is a useful prenatal marker of Down syndrome. Currently, the available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for inhibin A are based upon the same paired monoclonal antibodies. In the present study we have confirmed for one of those ELISAs that short-term sample storage as whole blood leads to a significant decline in detectable inhibin A and that this is most likely due to erythrocyte catalase interference with a critical oxidation step in the assay. While this interference can be eliminated by heating the samples pre-assay, this process is labour intensive. In the present study we have demonstrated that the addition of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT), a catalase ‘suicide’ inhibitor, also prevents the decline of inhibin A levels in samples stored as whole blood. We suggest that the addition of AT to samples prior to assay is a simple modification to the inhibin A ELISA that affords optimum performance. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利用秀丽线虫开展毒性鉴别评价技术研究

水体与沉积物毒性鉴别评价(TIE)技术是近些年来环境科学领域广泛应用的技术。秀丽线虫是目前广泛应用于环境毒物评价与毒理学研究的模式动物。在综述中,总结了利用秀丽线虫进行工业废水毒物鉴别与毒性评价的研究进展,并分析了秀丽线虫应用于TIE技术的优势以及局限性。在此基础上,对秀丽线虫在TIE技术中的进一步应用提出了相应的建议。