锡林浩特克里门茨针茅群系生态地位研究

本文介绍了克里门茨针茅这一亚洲中部荒漠草原带的特有群系在锡林浩特市典型草原带有相当面积的分布这一事实。使我们不得不对我国典型草原区草原荒漠化趋势产生高度警觉。     

试论自然保护区法律保护的几项制度

试论自然保护区法律保护的几项制度彭守约武汉大学环境法研究所１９９４年１０月９日，国务院发布了《中华人民共和国自然保护区条例》（以下简称《自然保护区条例》），自１９９４年１２月１日起施行。。这是我国自然保护事业发展史上的一件大事，因为自然保护区是近代人...     

维护国家生态安全 促进人与自然和谐——访国家环境保护总局局长周生贤

10月27日，由国务院7个部门联合举办的中国自然保护区发展50周年纪念大会在北京召开。这次会议全面回顾了我国自然保护区50年的发展历程，总结经验，筹划未来，表彰先进，是我国自然保护区发展史上召开的一次重要会议。日前，国家环境保护总局局长周生贤就我国自然保护区发展问题接受了本刊记者专访。[编者按]     

生物多样性保护与自然保护区关系探讨——以金佛山自然保护区为例

自然保护区的建设将促进生物多样性保护与可持续发展，而生物多样性保护也有利于自然保护区健康发展。两者之间存在紧密的联系，但在实际工作中，两者关系往往难以协调。本文以金佛山自然保护区为例，分别论述了自然保护区的功能以及保护生物多样性的重要性，从反而探讨了两者之间的关系。并针对金佛山自然保护区建设，与基于生物多样性开展的旅游业之间存在的问题提出了相应的建议。     

腾冲县北海湿地自然保护区生态旅游开发初探

充分利用自然保护区的旅游资源优势发展旅游业，但不合理的开发会使生态环境遭到破坏、生物多样性逐渐丧失、湿地水质面临污染等等。在分析腾冲北海湿地自然保护区发展生态旅游的基础上对旅游开发中存在的问题提出对策和建议。     

我国自然保护区事业的发展现状与前景

本文总结了我国自然保护区事业的基本情况和主要进展；分析了自然保护区建设中面临的主要问题：指出今后一个时期，特别是“十五”期间，国家将从三个方面入手全面加大自然保护区建设和管理的力度，即：全面巩固现有的，重点建设一批有特色的，抢建一批濒于破坏的自然保护区。     

我国自然保护区分类及其分类系统初探

本文简要回顾了我国自然保护区分类的过程，认为自然保护区分类系统的相对稳定与自然讴各类的不断增加为一矛盾统一体，它是推动自然保护区分类发展的唯一动力。在此基础上指出我国目前的自然保护区的主要保护对象和自然保护区的功能性质为主要分类分类依据的三级分类方法，以及与之匹配的自然保护区命名模式。     

自然保护区旅游开发的生态影响

在自然保护区开发旅游余对其生态景观造成影响，旅游者行为也会对生态系统及其动，植物造成破坏，对大气，水质造成干扰。 云南的自然保护区具有完整的森林自然景观，各具特色的生物生态景观和人文旅游资源。应立足生态旅游，制订发展规划，加强建设和管理，实现自然保护区一的持续发展。     

林业自然保护区发展状况

正我国1956年开始建立自然保护区,经过60年的发展历程,自然保护区事业取得了令世人瞩目的成绩。林业自然保护区是我国自然保护区的主体,林业部门在60年的自然保护区建设事业发展过程中发挥了关键性作用。本文简要介绍了自然保护区建设事业发端、自然保护区的数量面积、自然保护区的建设管理、自然保护区科学研究进展,以及未来的发展趋势。一、历史与现状(一)自然保护区的初建1956年10月,原林业部发布了《天然森林禁伐区     

保护区何时不再为人鱼肉

国务院办公厅近日印发的《关于做好自然保护区管理有关工作的通知》中指出,一些自然保护区频繁调整或被非法侵占,已使部分生态环境遭到破坏。通知要求严格限制开发建设活动,切实做好自然保护区管理工作。必须指出,中央政府专门发文,要求保障自然保护区事业健康发展,已不是第一     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Evaluation of phytoextracting cadmium and lead by sunflower, ricinus, alfalfa and mustard in hydroponic culture

Soil contaminated with heavy metals cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)is hard to be remediated.Phytoremediation may be a feasible method to remove toxic metals from soil,but there are few suitable plants which can hyperaccumulate metals.In this study,Cd and Pb accumulation by four plants including sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.),mustard(Brassica juncea L.),alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.), ricinus(Ricinus communis L.)in hydroponic cultures was compared.Results showed that these plants could phytocxtract heavy metals, the ability of accumulation differed with species,concentrations and categories of heavy metals.Values of BCF(bioconcentration factor)and TF(translocation factor)indicated that four species had dissimilar abilities of phytoextraction and transportation of heavy metals.Changes on the biomass of plants,pH and Eh at different treatments revealed that these four plants had distinct responses to Cd and Pb in cultures.Measurements should be taken to improve the phytoremediation of sites contaminated with heavy metals,such as pH and Eh regulations,and so forth.     

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.     

Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.