固态胺吸附剂分离密闭空间低浓度CO_2的研究进展

近年来,密闭空间低浓度CO2的吸附分离技术是研究热点,固态胺吸附剂因其再生能耗低、选择性高、易操作等优点受到广泛关注。综述了固态胺吸附剂常见的制备方法、表面改性剂和多孔材料载体,同时综合评价CO2的吸附效率,最终展望了固态胺的发展趋势。     

室内空气污染净化技术的现状与发展趋势

通过对影响室内空气质量的化学、物理和生物污染因素的了解,全面分析了目前主要的室内空气净化技术(吸附过滤技术、低温等离子体技术、臭氧技术和光催化技术)在实际应用中的优缺点,重点评述了光催化技术的原理和利用光催化技术在室内空气净化中取得的最新科研成果(如抗菌防霉内墙材料、防污自洁材料、自动无毒化材料),说明光催化技术是一种有待不断发展和完善,具有广阔前景的新技术,并且已经成为室内空气污染净化技术发展趋势。     

锌锰电池正极材料净化模拟废水中磷的研究

研究利用废旧锌锰电池的阳极材料净化模拟废水中的磷,探讨了净化过程中pH、吸附剂用量、反应时间和磷初始浓度等操作条件对磷净化效果的影响,找出了适宜的操作条件并对净化过程的机理进行了分析。通过试验发现pH对磷净化过程有显著影响,含磷废水净化过程中适宜的pH为8.0;随着吸附剂加入量的增加和初始溶液的降低,磷的净化率逐渐增加。锌锰电池正极材料对水中磷的净化过程速度较快,5 min即可使磷的吸附率达到93.41%。对平衡吸附容量数据进行回归分析发现磷净化过程的吸附等温线可以用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程表示,Langmuir方程参数Q0为12.41 mg/g,Freundlich方程参数n为2.927,用不同的动力学模型对试验数据进行回归分析发现吸附剂对水中磷的吸附过程符合假二级模型。锌锰电池正极材料可以有效净化废水中的磷。     

活性炭吸附挥发性有机化合物的研究进展

由于挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)对人类健康和生态环境的危害巨大,因此VOCs控制技术的研究显得尤为重要。活性炭吸附法具有技术成熟、操作简单、净化效率高、能耗低以及可回收等优势,是净化VOCs最经济、有效的方法之一。主要综述了活性炭在脱除VOCs方面的研究进展,包括活性炭的制备和改性技术及其对VOCs的吸附性能、活性炭吸附VOCs的影响因素以及活性炭在实际工业中的应用。通过探究不同制备及改性方法对活性炭孔结构、表面化学性质、比表面积的改变与VOCs吸附效果之间的联系,并结合实际应用实例,对活性炭吸附技术在实际应用中的发展方向提出了一些合理见解。     

先进实用挥发性有机废气吸附与催化净化技术

介绍了挥发性有机废气吸附与催化净化的先进技术及其进展,阐明了最新发展的解吸技术及吸附材料使解吸的时间缩短、效率提高、能耗少和解决难解吸等问题,改进的催化燃烧设备及催化材料则能更有效地净化VOCs及减少二次污染的产生,这些先进的技术及新材料为VOCs治理提供了有效的途径。     

功能化多孔材料对CO_2的吸附分离研究进展

功能化多孔材料拥有优越的CO_2吸附和存储性能,在燃煤电厂、玻璃炉窑、水泥厂、钢铁厂等高耗能工矿企业采用CO_2吸附技术,对CO_2减排、减缓温室效应具有重要意义。随着研究的不断深入,新型CO_2吸附材料呈现出廉价、易获取、高吸附率等趋势,当前研究重点集中在介孔硅、金属有机框架、沸石、活性炭、聚合物等的表面功能化。总结了上述典型吸附剂功能化的最新成果,重点介绍多孔吸附材料的功能化方法、吸附机理与吸附动力学的研究进展,并提出多孔材料对CO_2的吸附分离的研究空间和发展趋势。     

破碎机粉尘治理实践

分析了破碎机产尘源，阐述了用密闭罩封闭尘源、离心式风机负压抽风、湿式过滤式除尘器除尘净化的综合技术是治理破碎机粉尘的有效技术。将该技术应用于实际治理中，取得了满意的除尘效果。     

挥发性有机物(VOCs)吸附材料的研究进展

目前,我国面临严重的挥发性有机物（VOCs）污染问题。吸附法是研究与应用最为广泛的VOCs治理技术。主要介绍了吸附净化VOCs原理和几种常见的VOCs吸附材料,包括活性炭、新型多孔炭材料、沸石分子筛、黏土基吸附剂、金属有机框架和介孔硅。详述了各吸附材料的VOCs吸附能力和优缺点,判断了其应用价值,并指出了为提升大规模工业化应用潜力,后续研发的VOCs吸附材料应满足高吸附量、高疏水性、高热稳定性和再生能力强4个特征。     

吸附法净化挥发性有机物的研究进展

吸附法是净化挥发性有机物(VOCs)的主要方法之一,具有工艺成熟、操作简单、能耗低、净化效率高等优点。吸附剂的选择是VOCs净化的关键,同时如VOCs分子结构、外界环境因素也会影响净化效果。重点介绍了不同吸附剂对VOCs的净化,分析了影响VOCs吸附的其他因素,并展望了吸附法净化VOCs的研究方向。     

生物活性炭纤维处理微污染源水

在生物活性炭的基础上,以活性炭纤维替代颗粒活性炭,研制了生物活性炭纤维(BACF)新型吸附材料,用于处理水中有机污染物。用扫描电镜观察了微生物在ACF上的固定情况,以水处理常用指标CODMn、UV254及,GC-MS图谱分析考察BACF对于微污染源水的处理效果。研究结果显示BACF技术作为一种新颖的水的深度处理工艺,结合了吸附与生物降解的双重效能,可以有效提高对源水的净化效果,提高出水水质,同时也可以扩大水源水的取水范围,是一项先进的水处理技术。     

CO2 reaction with Ca(OH)2 during SO2 removal with convective pass sorbent injection and high temperature filtration

The Kyoto Protocol calls for greenhouse gas emission reductions which could affect the use of coal for producing electricity. Carbon credits are being explored as a method for countries to meet their reduction commitments. Carbon dioxide removal in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems should be considered if and when the concept of carbon credits are implemented. This paper addresses the factors affecting sulfur dioxide removal, including the reaction of carbon dioxide, occurring during convective pass sorbent injection with high temperature filtration for a typical coal-fired power plant. Significant carbonation is found to occur, and the levels are found to depend on injection/filtration temperatures and the residence time on the filter. Ca/S stoichiometry during sorbent injection is found to affect not only the sorbent conversions in the convective pass sorbent injection stage but also the final sorbent conversions in the filtration stage. Even though high sorbent carbonation hinders the sorbent utilization for SO₂ removal, slight alterations in CO₂ concentration are found to have no significant effects on the SO₂ removal of the process.     

FeCl3改性钢渣脱除燃煤烟气中Hg0的研究

以钢铁厂废弃钢渣为原料,以丙酮溶液为分散剂制备FeCl₃改性材料,在固定床吸附评价装置上考察了钢渣在FeCl₃改性前后对模拟烟气中Hg脱除效果的影响,并结合吸附试验与微观表征对改性催化剂的脱汞性能进行分析.结果表明:氯是FeCl₃改性钢渣吸附剂的主要活性组分,FeCl₃的掺入使钢渣的比表面积由1.06 m2/g提高到1.32 m2/g,进而提高吸附剂的汞吸附容量,经FeCl₃改性后废弃钢渣对汞的脱除效率比未改性前提升了3.2倍.SO₂的存在降低了FeCl₃改性钢渣材料的脱汞性能,持续通入的SO₂与吸附剂接触占据了部分孔道和表面活性位点,使得对单质汞的吸附效率下降,200℃时含有SO₂时的FeCl₃改性钢渣吸附剂吸附量比未通入SO₂气体的改性材料降低了75.57%;在含有HCl气体的烟气体系中,FeCl₃改性钢渣材料对汞的脱除效率从3432.70 ng/g升至10341.10 ng/g,并且随着反应温度的升高零价汞向氧化态汞转化的效率增加.研究显示,SO₂的存在降低了FeCl₃改性钢渣吸附剂的脱汞性能,而HCl气体有效地促进了FeCl₃改性钢渣吸附剂对零价汞（Hg0）的脱除.      

铜基改性非碳基吸附剂汞脱除性能研究

对以CuCl2及CuBr2为活性物质,6种大比表面积非碳基载体制成的吸附剂在不同烟气条件下的汞吸附性能及价态分布进行了研究.在纯N2条件下以氧化铝、沸石、皂土为载体的吸附剂具有很高的汞脱除率.水蒸气会降低吸附剂的汞脱除率,SO2对非碳基吸附剂有抑制作用,对CuBr2改性吸附剂及以皂土为载体的吸附剂的影响尤为突出.NO的影响更多地取决于吸附剂载体的性质.HCl的加入对CuCl2改性吸附剂及以皂土为载体的吸附剂的汞脱除率有抑制效果.模拟真实烟气的作用是几种酸性气体的叠加.其中CuCl2改性氧化铝在所有烟气条件下均表现出较好的汞吸附性能及很高的汞氧化率.     

低温等离子强化复合钙基吸附剂脱汞实验研究

在固定床吸附实验台上对低温等离子改性前后的复合钙基吸附剂进行脱汞实验,深入探究SO₂和O₂对具有较高孔隙率和比表面积的复合钙基吸附剂脱汞性能的影响.并通过多种表征手段和方法分析复合钙基吸附剂对Hg⁰的吸附机理.实验结果表明,由于等离子改性提高了吸附剂表面的含氧官能团的相对含量,经等离子改性的复合钙基吸附剂的脱汞效率有明显提高.在N₂+0.07% SO₂+6% O₂气氛下,吸附剂脱汞效率相比于无氧气氛由23.7%增至91.2%,吸附剂脱汞效率明显提高.此时吸附剂表面的羟基、酯基官能团作为主要反应活性位点,而羰基官能团的作用不明显.O₂的存在促使活性炭表面由碳原子不饱和键形成的活性位增加,促进了Hg⁰的吸附,同时生成多种汞化合物.随着SO₂浓度升至0.15%,改性复合钙基吸附剂表面活性位再次出现不足,此时SO₂抢夺Hg⁰的吸附位点,脱汞效率降至23.3%.     

Preparation and utilization of wheat straw anionic sorbent for the removal of nitrate from aqueous solution

In order to reduce the impact of eutrophication caused by agricultural residues(i.e.,excess nitrate)in aqueous solution,economic and effective anionic sorbents are required.In this article,we prepared anionic sorbent using wheat straw.Its structural characteristics and adsorption properties for nitrate removal from aqueous solution were investigated.The results indicate that the yield of the prepared anionic sorbent,the total exchange capacity,and the maximum adsorption capacity were 350%,2.57 mEq/g,and 2.08 mmol/g, respectively.The Freundlich isotherm mode is more suitable than the Langmuir mode and the adsorption process accords with the first order reaction kinetic rate equation.When multiple anions(SO_4~(2-),H_2PO_4~-,NO_3~-,and NO_2~-)were present,the isotherm mode of prepared anionic sorbent for nitrate was consistent with Freundlich mode;however,the capacity of nitrate adsorption was reduced by 50%.In alkaline solutions,about 90% of adsorbed nitrate ions could be desorbed from prepared anionic sorbent.The results of this study confirmed that the wheat straw anionic sorbent can be used as an excellent nitrate sorbent that removes nitrate from aqueous solutions.     

硅藻土复合材料净化室内空气的实验研究

利用硅藻土复合材料对室内空气中三种主要污染物甲醛、氨和苯进行了净化研究,比较了普通硅藻土和硅藻土复合材料对三种污染物的去除效果。测试了硅藻土复合材料的平衡吸附量,及其在空气流速、净化时间和吸附剂量条件下对污染物去除率的影响。结果表明:硅藻土复合材料的净化性能优于普通硅藻土,对甲醛、氨和苯的平衡吸附量分别为132μg/g、95μg/g和87μg/g,最佳去除率分别为67%、91%和53%,吸附剂量在一定范围内改变对硅藻土复合材料的净化效率影响不大,而空气流速和净化时间存在最佳值。     

Preparation1 and utilization of wheat straw anionic sorbent for the removal of nitrate from aqueous solution

In order to reduce the impact of eutrophication caused by agricultural residues (i.e. excess nitrate) in aqueous solution, economic and effective anionic sorbents are required. In this article, we prepared anionic sorbent using wheat straw. Its structural characteristics and adsorption properties for nitrate removal from aqueous solution were investigated. The results indicate that the yield of the prepared anionic sorbent, the total exchange capacity, and the maximum adsorption capacity were 350%, 2.57 mEq/g, and 2.08 mmol/g, respectively. The Freundlich isotherm mode is more suitable than the Langmuir mode and the adsorption process accords with the first order reaction kinetic rate equation. When multiple anions (SO42-, H2PO4-, NO3-, and NO2-) were present, the isotherm mode of prepared anionic sorbent for nitrate was consistent with Freundlich mode; however, the capacity of nitrate adsorption was reduced by 50%. In alkaline solutions, about 90% of adsorbed nitrate ions could be desorbed from prepared anionic sorbent. The results of this study confirmed that the wheat straw anionic sorbent can be used as an excellent nitrate sorbent that removes nitrate from aqueous solutions.     

粉煤灰改性吸附材料的研究

分析了粉煤灰改性的物质基础，阐述了当前改性的主要方法，在此基础上，笔者用燃烧、Na(OH)2溶液改性粉煤灰制得类沸石吸附剂的比表面积为112.6m^2／g、孔隙率为83.1％，是改性前的40.22和1.67倍。用此类沸石吸附剂来处理浓度为200mg／1的模拟含铅废水，去除率为84．87％、吸附容量为33.94mg／g，分别是改性前的31．13、3.13倍，处理效果优于市售一级活性炭。并用0.1M的HCl溶液和饱和NaCl溶液再生此吸附剂，解吸率达到了98％以上，此再生的类沸石吸附剂处理含铅废水的去除率也达到了83％以上。另外也研究了用酸改性粉煤灰来处理造纸废水，并设计了工艺流程、确定了工艺参数，处理效果令人满意。最后提出了当前应用改性粉煤灰处理废水和废气中存在的问题及今后研究的重点。     

Succinate-bonded pullulan: An efficient and reusable super-sorbent for cadmium-uptake from spiked high-hardness groundwater

Chemically modified pullulan was evaluated for its sorption efficiency and selectivity to remove cadmium(Cd) from spiked high-hardness groundwater(GW). Pullulan esterified with succinic anhydride using dimethylaminopyridine showed a fairly high degree of substitution value as confirmed by1 H NMR spectroscopy. Pullulan succinate(Pull-Suc) was converted into the sodium salt(Pull-Suc-Na). The effect of contact time(5–200 min) and p H(2–8) on Cd-uptake by the sorbent(Pull-Suc-Na) was investigated. The sorbent showed more than 90% Cd-removal in first 15 min from distilled water(DW) and GW solution,respectively. Comparison of Pull-Suc-Na with other polysaccharidal sorbents suggested its high efficiency(DW 476.2 mg/g and GW 454.5 mg/g) and selectivity for the removal of Cd by an ion exchange mechanism, which is further supported by the negative Gibbs free energy values calculated from Langmuir isotherms. A Langmuir isotherm kinetic model provided the best fit for the sorption of Cd using Pull-Suc-Na. The sorbent showed a negligible decrease in Cd-uptake over three regeneration cycles. The thermal stability testing of the sorbents indicated that Pull-Suc-Na(sorbent) is more stable than Pull-Suc.     

Selective removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid from water by molecularly-imprinted amino-functionalized silica gel sorbent

A molecularly-imprinted amino-functionalized sorbent for selective removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D) was prepared by a surface imprinting technique in combination with a sol-gel process.The 2,4-D-imprinted amino-functionalized silica sorbent was characterized by FT-IR,nitrogen adsorption and static adsorption experiments.The selectivity of the sorbent was investigated by a batch competitive binding experiment using an aqueous 2,4-D and 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP) mixture or using an aqueous 2...