Seed selections for crystallization of calcium phosphate for phosphorus recovery

Seed induces and promotes the crystallization of calcium phosphate, and acts as carrier of the recovered phosphorus （P）. In order to select suitable seed for P recovery from wastewater, three seeds including Apatite （AP）, Juraperle （JP） and phosphate-modified Juraperle （M-JP） were tested and compared. Batch and fixed-bed column experiments of seeded crystallization of calcium phosphate were undertaken by using synthetic wastewater with 10 mg/L P phosphate. It shows that AP has bad enduring property in the crystallization process, while JP has better performance for multiple uses, and M-JP is a hopeful seed for P recovery by crystallization of calcium phosphate.     

Fenton试剂预处理苯乙烯系树脂中间体废水的试验研究

研究了Fenton试剂催化氧化法作为预处理工艺处理苯乙烯系树脂中间体废水的机理和最佳反应条件。试验结果表明,当废水的CODCr浓度为2 760 mg/L时的最佳反应条件为：H2O2投加量为4 mL/L,FeSO4.7H2O投加量为577 mg/L,pH值为3.94,H2O2∶Fe2＋的物质量的浓度比为17,氧化反应时间为2 h,此时CODCr去除率达到38.7%,BOD5/COD值从0.126增加到0.334,出水可生化性得到显著提高。     

两位"森林小王子"南非"赴训" 中国虎野化工程拉开序幕

9月1日,世界上最古老的老虎亚种的后代一两只中国虎崽(又名华南虎),从北京启程,经香港赴南非,接受世界首创的老虎科学野化训练。“拯救中国虎”形象大使著名影星杨紫琼及有关人员在香港举行了热情的欢迎及欢送仪式。“拯救中国虎”团队和中国政府代表团将一路护送虎崽至比勒陀利亚北部的马亚潘尼500公顷的野化区接受训练。中国虎野化工程正式拉开序幕。     

Inertia welding for assembly of copper squirrel cages for electric motors

The automotive industry is developing designs and manufacturing processes for new generations of electric motors intended for use in hybrid and electric vehicles. There is interest in replacing the aluminum traditionally used in induction motor rotors with copper to improve motor capability. This paper focuses on solid-state welding to join copper end rings to copper spokes in the fabrication of copper rotors. Inertia friction welding was explored to examine weldability of these copper components. A better understanding of inertia welding characteristics will help the advancements in its application for induction rotors. The limitations of this application are discussed.     

我国典型流域镉水质基准研究

对《我国淡水水生生物镉基准研究》一文推算的国家镉基准进行了修正,采用“重新计算法”推算了我国典型流域的镉生物基准,并以辽河上游的大伙房水库为试点,利用“水效应比值法”推算了区域镉基准. 结果表明:我国国家镉急性和慢性基准分别修正为1.81和0.21 μg/L;珠江流域、长江流域、太湖流域和辽河流域的镉急性基准分别为3.60,3.61,3.19和2.95 μg/L;镉慢性基准分别为1.39,0.06,0.04和0.04 μg/L;大伙房水库镉急性和慢性基准分别为2.72和0.05 μg/L. 流域及区域的镉急性基准值全部大于国家急性基准值,但大部分镉慢性基准都严于国家慢性基准.      

A routine method for storing lymphocytes for repeated isolation of DNA

A protocol for easy storage and later expansion of lymphocyte populations is given. Compared with methods using transformed cell lines, the method has a number of advantages for repeated production of cells for the isolation of DNA in amounts sufficient for use in diagnostic DNA technology.     

Resistance mash welding for joining of copper conductors for electric motors

The automotive industry is developing designs and manufacturing processes for a new generation of electric motors intended for use in hybrid and electric vehicles. This paper is focused on using solid-state welding to join rectangular wires in the fabrication of motor stators. Resistance welding has not typically been applied to copper due to its very high electrical conductivity; however through optimization of the current and pressure profiles, excellent quality copper-to-copper joints have been demonstrated with a technique known as resistance mash welding. A better understanding of resistance mash welding characteristics will help advancements in its application for stators. The limitations of this application will be discussed.     

温和水热预处理促进秸秆产沼气的条件优化研究

以水稻秸秆为原料,在前期单因素试验基础上,通过正交试验研究不同水热预处理条件对稻秸理化特性及产沼气效果的影响.结果表明,预浸时间、初始含水率和热处理时间3个因素对稻秸厌氧发酵20d累积TS产气率的影响程度各不相同,各因素对厌氧发酵累积TS产气率的影响大小顺序为初始含水率 >预浸时间 >热处理时间;得出的最佳水热预处理条件为：初始含水率为55%,预浸时间为2h,热处理时间为6h;与处理CK相比,最佳预处理条件下稻秸20d容积产气率提高29.79%,产气量达总产气量60%和80%时间可提前5d;结合预处理前后稻秸理化特性变化规律分析,表明温和水热预处理促进了纤维素和半纤维素的降解溶出,并促使其更多转化为挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）,从而有利于稻秸快速产沼气.     

SHMP分散配制用于环境风险模拟研究的纳米ZnO颗粒溶胶

选择SHMP(六偏磷酸钠)作分散剂,研究超声时间与静置时间对商购纳米ZnO的优化分散效果,以配制出用于环境风险模拟研究中的分散粒径小、效果稳定且浓度较高的纳米ZnO颗粒溶胶. 结果表明,相同条件下加分散剂的体系分散效果好于不加分散剂体系. 最佳优化分散方法:在100 mL超纯水中先加入45 mg SHMP作分散剂,再加入0.5 g的商购纳米ZnO,超声60 min后静置6 d,最终得到的颗粒溶胶平均粒径为(176.5±15)nm (纳米粒度-Zeta电位仪),TEM表征粒径为60～90 nm,Zeta电位为(-64.7±5.64)mV,实测分散浓度为(95.87±4.37)mg/L,其稳定性基本可以维持5 d.      

广东"脱硫"让南粤的天空更蓝

"十一五"以来,削减主要污染物排放量工作被摆上议事日程.2006年,全国主要污染物排放量不升反降,"减排"形势陡然严峻.     

Modelling and optimisation for design of hydrogen networks for multi-period operation

Hydrogen management is a problem of increasing importance: hydrogen consumption of refineries is rising sharply with additional capacities of hydrocracking and hydrotreating units in order to comply with cleaner fuel specifications. Product Specifications for transportation fuels are becoming increasingly stringent to ensure production of environmentally more benign fuels. Hydrogen management techniques currently do not account for varying operating conditions of hydrogen consuming processes and assume constant operating conditions. A novel approach is developed for the design of flexible hydrogen networks that can remain optimally operable under multiple periods of operation. The proposed methodology for multi-period design of hydrogen networks can take into account pressure differences, maximum capacity of existing equipment, and optimal placement of new equipment such as compressors.     

军辅船环境工程管理工作体系建立的作用

介绍了环境工程管理工作体系的建立时机以及工作体系的组成人员和各级人员的职责,最后对环境工程管理工作体系的作用做了阐述,并对以后工作的开展提出了建议.     

Graphical strategies for design of evaporation crystallization networks for environmental wastewater applications

This paper introduces graphical strategies for the design of an evaporation/crystallization network for ternary wastewater environmental applications. Sources, sinks and other streams are located on a ternary composition diagram. While a source is any wastewater stream that has the potential to be recycled, a sink is any unit in the process that can accept sources. The proposed methodology is extremely simple to understand and implement, as it only requires basic solid-liquid phase equilibria data and uses lever arm principles to generate alternative process designs. Geometric constructions are carried out on the ternary composition diagram and the respective lever arms are used to determine intermediate flow rates in the evaporation/crystallization network. The relative locations and flow rates of the sources and sinks under consideration, as well as the unique shape of the solid-liquid equilibrium, drive the design of the separation (via evaporation/crystallization) network. Some generic structures are proposed for a typical evaporation and crystallization network. Once the general problem statement has been defined, special cases consisting of a single source-single sink, single source-two sinks and two sources-single sink are described. These special cases are representative of commonly occurring industrial wastewater design problems. Several graphical insights are listed that allow one to represent evaporation and crystallization operations on a ternary triangular composition diagram and avoid mathematical complexity. The possibility of bypassing a part of the initial feed streams is also considered. Certain feasible composition regions are identified on the ternary composition diagram for cases dealing with multiple sources and sinks. The methodology is useful in pre-screening and eliminating certain sources/sinks and is readily applicable to cases with lower number of sources and sinks. A case study involving the ammonium nitrate manufacturing process is included to demonstrate the broad applicability and value of the proposed approach.     

A toxicity-based method for evaluating safety of reclaimed water for environmental reuses

A large quantity of toxic chemical pollutants possibly remains in reclaimed water due to the limited removal efficiency in traditional reclamation processes. It is not enough to guarantee the safety of reclaimed water using conventional water quality criteria. An integrated assessment method based on toxicity test is necessary to vividly depict the safety of reclaimed water for reuse. A toxicity test battery consisting of lethality, genotoxicity and endocrine disrupting effect was designed to screen the multiple biological effects of residual toxic chemicals in reclaimed water. The toxicity results of reclaimed water were converted into the equivalent concentrations of the corresponding positive reference substances（EQC）. Simultaneously, the predicted no-effect concentration（PNEC） of each positive reference substance was obtained by analyzing the species sensitivity distribution（SSD） of toxicity data. An index ＂toxicity score＂ was proposed and valued as 1, 2, 3, or 4 depending on the ratio of the corresponding EQC to PNEC. For vividly ranking the safety of reclaimed water, an integrated assessment index ＂toxicity rank＂ was proposed, which was classified into A, B, C, or D rank with A being the safest. The proposed method was proved to be effective in evaluating reclaimed water samples in case studies.     

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测报告编写的几点体会

在建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测报告的编写及技术审核中,经常会出现验收报告中的水量统计等数据跟环评报告中的一样,污水处理设施各环节的监测数据缺乏逻辑性,数据的合理性经不起推敲等问题.验收监测报告,不能过度依赖环评数据,应根据现场核实的实际生产工艺制作水平衡图,由原辅材料用量、水量等数据的相关性获取真实数据,才能反映污染物的产生量等真实情况;应通过掌握设施的进、出水量,将设施各工序的实际处理效率与污水处理工艺的设计参数做比较,才能对设施的处理能力、处理效果作出准确的评价.才能保证验收监测报告的真实性、准确性.     

白腐菌固态发酵条件最优化及其降解植物生物质的研究

通过正交实验法对影响白腐菌固态发酵降解稻草木质素的5种单因素培养条件进行了优化．实验结果表明,5种因素的最佳综合水平为：菌种驯化培养8d后以0．8％(质量比)的接种量接种入发酵瓶中,于37℃培养,发酵基质的含水率为85％,同时添加0．3％的吐温80．此外,还对未经降解处理的稻草与在上述最佳发酵条件下经白腐菌降解后的稻草分别作了紫外光谱和红外光谱分析,结果表明经该菌降解后,稻草中的木质素结构被严重破坏,难降解的大分子长键烃被切断成易降解的小分子短键烃．     

提高计算机专业离散数学教学效果的探索

离散数学课程内容多且分散、理论性强、高度抽象,为改变部分学生认为该课程枯燥乏味难学难懂,缺乏学习兴趣的现象,结合多年的教学实践,探索在离散数学课程教学中让学生了解离散数学理论与计算机学科的紧密关系,精选教学内容,运用实例将抽象内容生动具体化,加强课堂练习、及时发现总结难点疑点等方法,到达改善教学效果提高教学质量的目的。     

我国人群大气颗粒物污染暴露-反应关系的研究

搜集了国内PM10和PM2.5暴露对人群健康影响的流行病学研究资料,利用Meta分析法评价我国人群大气颗粒物暴露对各健康效应终点的暴露-反应关系.结果显示,PM10浓度每增加10μg/m3,人群急性死亡率、呼吸系统疾病和心血管疾病死亡率分别增加0.38%[95%可信限(CI):0.35%~0.42%]、0.65%(95%CI:0.35%~0.95%)和0.40%(95%CI:0.31%~0.49%);PM2.5浓度每增加10μg/m3,人群急性死亡率、呼吸系统疾病和心血管疾病死亡率分别增加0.40%(95%CI:0.19%~0.62%)、1.43%(95%CI:0.85%~2.01%)和0.53%(95%CI:0.15%~0.90%),因此可见,PM2.5对健康的危害高于PM10.同国外研究结果相比,我国人群大气颗粒物污染对死亡率影响的暴露-反应关系系数较小.