ICZS-活性污泥新技术处理CTMP废水的研究

探讨了ＩＣＺｓ－活性污泥生物系统在控制污泥膨胀过程中的影响因素及其处理效果。３个月的实验结果表明：当ＩＣＺｓ预反应段的条件控制在溶解氧小于０．０６ｍｇ／Ｌ,ｐＨ为７－７．６时,该生物系统能够有效控制污泥膨胀。ＩＣＺｓ－活性污泥生物系统具有高效去除污染物的能力。ＢＯＤ５,ＣＯＤ和ＴＳＳ总去除率的平均值分别高于９７％,８０％及９０％,其中仅ＩＣＺｓ段在预处理时间为２０ｍｉｎ时就能去除４９．０％－６２．     

NO在Cu—ZSM—5上的催化分解

从铜离子交换液温度，浓度，ＰＨ值，以及铜离子交换的次数，交换的有无中间焙烧这几方面详细地讨论了铜离子交换条件对所制Ｃｕ－ＺＳＭ－５催化剂ＮＯ分解活性的影响；并且考察了Ｃｕ－ＺＳＭ催化分解ＮＯ活性随空速。     

废塑料-环氧化橡胶制造橡塑型道路反光标志带的研究

借助环氧化天然橡胶（ＥＮＲ）分子链上环氧基团的二次反应，同废旧聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）、聚苯乙烯（ＰＳ）等塑炼、压延成像塑型道路反光标志带（ＰＺ－ＭＳ），其抗拉强度等性能比Ｚ１－２型道路反光标志带（Ｚ－ＭＳ）好，同时治理了白色污染。     

ICP—MS及其在环境分析中的应用

ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ是环境监测分析的新技术，该文就ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ的特点及其土壤、水和人发、动物脏器及动植物等环境样品分析中的应用作了概括介绍。     

煤泥水治理方法的试验研究

本文针对煤矿务局各矿选煤厂所产生的煤泥水难以自然沉降，研究了其性质，并研究出采用工业废渣ＤＺ或ＬＧ和高分子絮凝剂ＰＡＭ联用治理的新方法。     

我国水污染收费系统的现状与对策

对国内外的水污染收费系统进行了比较研究。在借鉴国外经验的基础上，运用ＺＳＭ解释结构模型分析了水污染收费系统的问题，并从协调排污费和使用者收费、完善使用者收费、及污水集中处理设施的企业化经营管理等几个方面，探讨了系统改进方案。     

DNA氧化损伤在太阳光致M13mp2噬菌体突变中的作用

以野生型大肠菌ＣＳＨ５０及ｍｕｔＭ缺陷的大肠菌ＭＦ６７为宿主，观察了太阳光对Ｍ１３ｍｐ~２噬菌体单链ＤＮＡ ｌａｃＺα基因区域的致突变性．结果显示，太阳光照射引起噬菌体ｌａｃＺα基因区域的突变，在ｍｕｔＭ缺陷的宿主中更为明显；０．２５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的甘露醇可以部分拮抗太阳光的致突变作用．以ＥＳＲ自旋捕捉法检测了太阳光、长波紫外线（ＵＶＡ）及中波紫外线（ＵＶＢ）照射Ｍ１３ｍｐ~２噬菌体样品中的自由基，结果还显示，太阳光和ＵＶＡ照射可引起羟自由基的产生，而ＵＴＢ照射则没有明显的自由基信号产生说明太阳光致突变作用与ＤＮＡ氧化损伤有关，羟自由基在其中发挥一定的作用     

加拿大北极地区雪化学成分的初步研究

利用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ，ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ，ＩＣ测定法，测定了北极地区不同纬度的１７个雪样品的化学成分。结果显示，在被测试的３２种化学成分中，１４种化学成分被检测出。用富集因子法判断了雪中化学成分的４种可能发生源，即人为活动源，地壳源，海洋源和混合源。计算Ｓ／Ｎａ比值发现ＳＯ＾２－，ＮＯ＾－３主要来自人为活动源。     

酸化模型MAGIC的原理及应用

本文综述了ＭＡＧＩＣ模型结构，输入输出参数，参数的处理，优缺点及其应用，该模型由２４个方程式组成，考虑了阳离子交换，硫酸盐吸会，矿物风化等过程，是一个集总参数的过程定向模型，可以用于某点位或区域的酸化趋势预测和临界负荷计算，该模型在环境酸化研究已获得了广泛应用，其发展趋势是结构的不断完善，与其它模型相结合的将统计方法纳入模型等。     

多功能射流除尘器在燃煤锅炉上的应用

多功能射流除尘器在燃煤锅炉上的应用陈光明李东明后德强袁晓春唐雪婧李晓东（冶金工业部安全环保研究院，武汉４３００８１）ＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＭＵＬＴＩＰＬＥＦＵＮＣＴＩＯＮＡＬＦＬＵＩＤＩＣＤＥＤＵＳＴＥＲＩＮＤＵＳＴＲＥＭＯＶＡＬＦＲＯＭＣＯＡＬ...     

Adaptation to the Impacts of Sea Level Rise in Egypt

Assessment of the vulnerability and expected socioeconomic losses over the Nile delta coast due to the impact of sea level rise is carried out in details. Impacts of sea level rise over the Governorates of Alexandria and Port Said in particular, are evaluated quantitatively. Analysis of the results at Alexandria Governorate indicate that, if no action is taken, an area of about 30% of the city will be lost due to inundation. Almost 2 million people will have to abandon their homeland; 195,000 jobs will be lost and an economic loss of over $3.5 Billion is expected over the next century. At Port Said Governorate results indicate that beach areas are most severely affected (hence tourism), followed by urban areas. The agriculture sector is the least affected sector. It is estimated that the economic loss is over $ 2.0 Billion for 0.50 m SLR and may exceed $ 4.4 Billion for 1.25 m SLR. Options and costs of adaptation are analyzed and presented. Multi-criteria and decision matrix approaches, based on questionnaire surveys are carried out to identify priorities for the two cases. Analysis of these techniques of two options; the current policy (hard protection measures on some vulnerable areas) and no action (stopping these activities) have the lowest scores. Beach nourishment and integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) have the highest scores, however ICZM has high cost measures. The most cost-effective option is the land-use change, however with relatively very high cost measure. It is recommended that an ICZM approach be adopted since it provides a reasonable trade off between costs and cost effectiveness.     

基于ICZM的海湾水环境污染管理和控制对策

海湾作为海水、水盆、邻近陆域及其空间共同组成的综合自然体,处于陆地和海洋之交的纽带部位,在整个海岸带的开发利用中占有特别重要的地位,成为海岸带综合管理(ICZM)的焦点,我国对海岸带管理与规划进行了广泛的研究和实践,但目前仍然存在着突出问题,特别是在海湾水环境污染管理和控制方面,尤为严重.本文提出在分析海湾水环境容量和人海污染物总量控制的基础上,利用点源和非点源的污染控制技术进行海湾水环境污染控制和管理;从企业清洁生产、非点源污染控制的最佳管理措施(BMPs)和生态产业布局等方面进行针对性的优化调控;基于ICZM的角度,从法律法规、经济手段、行政监督、规划和区划、综合整治及公众参与等方面的提出海湾水环境污染管理对策,为海湾水环境的可持续发展和海岸带综合管理提供科学依据和技术支撑.     

Black Sea beaches vulnerability to sea level rise

Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) aims to promote sustainable management of coastal zones based on ecosystem and holistic management approaches. In this context, policies have to consider the complex interactions that influence the fragile equilibrium of coastal ecosystems. Beaches represent both valuable and vulnerable natural resources because of the various ecosystem services they provide and their sensitivity to climate change and sea level rise.We present the first comprehensive digital record of all Black Sea beaches and provide a rapid assessment of their erosion risk under different scenarios of sea level rise. Through the digitisation of freely available remote-sensed images on the web, we provide broad information on the spatial characteristics and other attributes of all Black Sea beaches (e.g. photo-based visual estimation of the sediment type, presence of coastal defences, urban development). These data have been assembled and stored in full Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) – allowing spatial queries, visualisation and data sharing – and are therefore particularly interesting to feed/supply web-GIS portals (coastal atlases) for visualisation purpose, spatial queries or spatial indicators calculations.The resulting Black Sea beaches database contains 1228 beaches, with a total coastline length of 2042 km with an area of 224 km². The majority of the Black Sea beaches have been found to have small widths (61% have maximum widths less than 50 m), whereas 47% of all beaches presented coastal defence schemes, suggesting an already serious beach erosion problem.The erosion risk of the Black Sea beaches was assessed through the comparison of their maximum widths with estimations of the sea level rise-induced retreat by an ensemble of six 1-D analytical and numerical morphodynamic models. Following more than 17,000 experiments using different combinations of wave conditions, beach sediment textures and slopes and 11 scenarios of sea level rise (up to 2 m), the means (best fits) of the lowest and highest projections by the model ensemble were estimated; these were then compared to the maximum widths of the Black Sea beaches. The analysis showed that sea level rise will have highly significant impacts on the Black Sea beaches, as for a 0.5 m sea level rise 56% of all beaches are projected to retreat by 50% of their maximum width. For a 0.82 m sea level rise (the high IPCC estimate for the period 2081–2100) about 41% are projected to retreat by their entire maximum width, whereas for 1 m sea level rise about 51% of all Black Sea beaches are projected to retreat by (drowned or shifted landward by) their entire maximum width, if the high mean of the model ensemble projections is used.Results substantiate the risk of beach erosion as a major environmental problem along the Black Sea coast, which therefore needs to be taken into account in any future coastal management plans, as a matter of urgency. As these scenarios consider only sea level rise, they are considered to be conservative. Although the present results cannot replace detailed studies, the database and projections may assist Black Sea coastal managers and policy makers to rapidly identify beaches with increased risk of erosion, valuate accordingly coastal assets and infrastructure, estimate beach capacity for touristic development purposes, and rapidly assess direct and indirect costs and benefits of beach protection options. They also provide the necessary inputs to advance discussions relevant to the Black Sea ICZM.     

环境污染治理对区域工业经济发展速率的影响研究

环境污染治理对区域工业经济发展速率的影响,一直是该领域研究人员的讨论热点,对该方面进行研究,有利于社会经济的整体提升和生态环境的高效治理。分析了环境污染对区域工业经济发展产生的影响,将其划分为对人体健康的影响和对人们生活的影响,并在经济生产力大幅度下降,人类安全的影响,区域工业经济发展速率影响三个方面分别进行研究,依据研究结果分析环境污染治理对工业经济发展速率的影响,对工业废气治理与人均GDP关系、工业废水治理与人均GDP关系、工业固体废物治理与人均GDP关系的相关研究.     

基于环境恢复的环境污染损害责任与建立

环境本身损害的责任缺失是我国环境污染管理中亟待解决的突出问题。文章从社会经济系统与其支撑环境间作用关系过程链的三个响应环节出发,分析了建立环境本身损害责任机制的作用、意义及环境本身损害赔偿的内涵与构成。提出了围绕突发性污染排放问题,以恢复环境为目标,衔接我国环境应急管理系统实施环境本身损害责任的构架。结合突发性污染排放建立环境损害的恢复责任,对推进环境污染损害管理和深化污染事故应急处置具有重要支持作用。     

基于Global-Malmquist-Luenberger指数的沿海地带陆海统筹发展水平测度及区域差异分析

沿海地区是陆海统筹发展的区域载体,基于沿海省市的陆海复合系统进行陆海统筹发展的区域评估对海洋强国建设的理论与实践具有重要意义。论文以陆海复合经济地域系统为前提,将沿海城市形成的区域作为沿海地带,基于各沿海城市的集合作为省级沿海地带进行比较分析,建立包括经济、社会、生态以及环境4个维度指标体系,在考虑“非期望”产出的情况下运用Global-Malmquist-Luenberger（GML）指数测算沿海地带陆海统筹发展水平并进行区域差异分析。结果表明：第一,总体上,沿海地带陆海统筹发展水平全要素生产增长率大多处于无效率状态,且不考虑非期望产出明显高估了全要素生产增长率的增长;时间上,陆域、海洋以及陆海综合GML指数的变动趋于一致,呈平稳的态势;效率分解,陆海统筹发展水平全要素生产率下降明显是由规模效率变动和技术规模变动的下降所影响。第二,沿海地带正经历从“重陆轻海”到逐步实现陆海统筹发展的过程;对沿海地带陆海统筹发展水平空间差异进行分类,浙江、福建及河北属于陆域效率驱动型,环渤海地区（除河北外）、江苏、广西和海南属于海洋效率驱动型,上海和广东属于陆海效率复合型;区域差异形成的原因主要有产业结构差异、海洋产业技术门槛、海洋资源承载力以及政府政策。     

区域海域生态环境人文影响评价方法的构建及其应用——基于状态空间法的研究

区域海域生态环境的可持续发展是区域可持续发展的重要组成部分,文章基于国内外评价区域承载状况的方法基础上,以状态空间法为理论基础,构建出评价区域海域生态环境人文影响的定量方法.从案例的应用结果来看,文章所构建的方法具有一定的科学性、适用性与一般性.最后,浙江宁波地区及近岸海域的定量评价结果表明,该地区人文因素所带来的影响已大大超过了其近海域生态环境的可承受度.     

Development of an Integrated Coastal Zone Management System for the Black and Caspian Seas

Six Black sea and five Caspian sea riparian countries began their way to modern managerial practice at their coasts in 1990s of the previous century. For five Black sea and four Caspian sea countries the time has coincided with launching complicated transitional period from socialism to market economy. The most important activities were carried out within framework of the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea (CEP) Environmental Programs and resulted in National and Regional ICZM Reports (Coastal Profiles), ICZM Networks, Transboundary Diagnostic Analyses, Strategic Action Plans. The international assistance in ICZM development in the regions is very important, but the large specificity of the regions and countries required and keeps demanding improvement of the approaches, methods, criteria for efficiency and practical significance of the international activities. The paper analyses heritage, current situation and possible prospects of ICZM development in the regions under consideration. During the last decade, important steps have been taken for the improvement of managerial process at the Black and Caspian seas countries coasts, but the clear need should be emphasized now to move from planning to implementation stage. Among the main findings of this stage are: ICZM is very difficult for real implementation and takes years, it needs proper understanding, and it has to be implemented using both top-down and bottom-up approaches, it has to be implemented using all possible tools and procedures. At the moment the use of sustainable development approaches to the coasts depends, in the first place, on social responsibility and vital motivation of certain key decision-makers, especially at provincial and local levels. Meanwhile, two recent events: (a) new activity in the Black sea region initiated by EU, and (b) launching of the long-waited CEP second phase – produce real infrastructural opportunities for moving forward.     

辽东湾近岸海域开发利用对海水环境质量的影响

为定量评估近岸海域开发利用水平及沿海城市经济产业结构对海水环境质量的影响,本文以辽东湾近岸海域为研究对象,运用水质综合评价指数、内梅罗指数和主成分指数对近岸海域水质环境进行了评价;基于方差分解分析,研究了近岸海域开发利用水平、经济产业结构等对海水环境质量的影响贡献率。结果表明,大连和葫芦岛近岸海域水质环境显著优于辽河口附近的盘锦、营口和锦州;海洋功能区和海水质量指数具有一定的空间关联性,但不同功能区之间差异性不显著;海域开发利用水平和海水水质综合评价指数及内梅罗指数呈极显著正相关性,沿海城市人均GDP和海水水质指数呈“倒U形”的库兹涅兹曲线关系;方差分解分析表明,海域开发利用强度能够累计解释海水环境质量变化的42.3%,经济产业结构能够累计解释海水环境质量变化的31.8%,海域开发利用水平和经济产业结构直接影响贡献率为16.5%,而自然地理位置与海域开发利用强度以及自然地理位置与经济产业结构交互作用的累计解释贡献率为58.9%。研究结果表明,围填海管控、近岸海域综合治理及沿海产业结构优化对改善近岸海域环境质量具有重要作用。     

全球变化背景下可持续的滨海旅游资源开发与管理

滨海旅游是最传统的、主要的旅游形式,也是现代旅游增长最快的领域,在国内外均具有举足轻重的地位。全球变化很可能是由人类活动引起,并且影响着旅游业的发展。旅游业通过使用交通运输系统尤其是航空旅行、旅游目的地住宿餐饮等活动排放大量温室气体,对全球变化做出贡献。可持续滨海旅游以可持续的资源开发和管理为基础,在全球变化背景下,要达到这一目标,需要在滨海旅游模式与产品类型转变、旅游资源利用方式转变、利益相关者协作等方面对滨海旅游资源进行优化开发和有效管理:以绿色思维指导低碳旅游模式,发展生态旅游和替代性旅游等新型产品;提倡降碳减排、发展碳补偿和碳经济、制定碳排放标准、鼓励新型节油节能科技应用;鼓励社区参与,平衡利益相关者的收益和兴趣,尤其是探察当地社区居民、旅游者和政府工作人员对全球变化的看法、态度、责任感和共识。这些措施将在规划-管理-监督-评估动态模型中得到优化。