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为了解决生命周期评价中普遍存在的环境负荷数据向环境成本转换问题,在清单分析的基础上,构建了产品生命周期环境成本评价模型。分析了评价模型对于生成评估报告和制定相关政策措施的作用和意义。 相似文献
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生态标志和产品的生命周期评价 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
获得生态标志,是对产品环境性能的肯定,表明其整个生命周期的环境性能达到了特定的要求,消费者也可直接根据生态标志图案购得自己喜好的环境友好产品,生命周期评价是一中评价产品,工艺或活动从原料采掘到生产、运输、分销、使用,回用,维护,循环和最终处置的整个生命周期阶段相关环境负荷的过程,大多数生态标志标准的确定都采用了生命周期的评价的方法,文章对生态标志的概念、发展状况、标准的确定性和生命周期评价等作了简 相似文献
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生命周期评价的应用,内涵与挑战 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从环境问题与可持续发展出发,指出生命周期评价是在产品层次上实现可持续发展的一种理论评价工具,并探讨了生命周期评价的内涵,论述产品生命周是进行生命周期评价的客观依据,详细探讨应用生命周期评价存在的问题,指出进一步研究生命周期评价的方向。 相似文献
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《中国ISO14000认证》2009,(2):44-49
在第一讲、第二讲中介绍了产品环境化设计的发展历程和生命周期法及产品系统的概念等内容,在第三讲和第四讲中将继续介绍生命周期设计与管理和生命周期评价的内容。生命周期设计是生命周期概念在产品开发过程设计阶段的应用,生命周期评价则可以用来评价一个产品整个生命周期的环境影响。——编者 相似文献
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生命周期评价方法及其进展 总被引:38,自引:2,他引:38
生命周期评价方法在国外的 发展已近30年,正成为企业和政府环境管理的工具。国外许多生态标志标准的确定,采用的都是生命周期评价方法,它还是国际标准化组织ISO1400系列标准的重要内容,我国对生命周期评价方法的认识和研究才刚刚开始,该文对生命周平价方法的技术框架,应用和存在的不足等作了简要论述。 相似文献
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生命周期评价(LCA)在理论和实际应用中存在一些局限性,包括清单和评价方法缺乏时间维度和空间维度,主要表现为缺乏对产品能源系统随时间变化的考虑,使用静态的过时的清单数据而非基于时间的动态生命周期清单数据,以及影响评价方面缺乏动态特征因子的选择和计算方法.动态生命周期评价(DLCA)是针对工业和环境系统的时间和空间变化的动态建模过程的评价方法,可大大提高传统生命周期评价的科学性和准确性.本文从3个方面对动态生命周期评价方法进行总结和评述,即将时间信息作为不确定因素的动态建模分析;生产过程或污染物排放的实时数据的获取;基于时间分化的动态特征因子的影响评价方法.通过目前的动态生命周期评价的研究现状来看,其方法框架并不统一,另外缺乏科学的时间分化的LCI计算的数学模型和软件以及生命周期影响评价的建模解决方案.因此,本文对DLCA未来的发展进行展望,以期为LCA方法的研究、应用、发展和完善提供更多的支持. 相似文献
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Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has proven useful in comparing the environmental impact of alternatives, life-cycle phases or parts in a product. To date, benchmarking a new product with previous environmental information entails a degree of subjectivity. This paper presents LCP-families, a concept to develop reference ranges for environmental impact of a new product. A new product can be catalogued as environmentally better or worse than a percentage of its competitors, depending on what position it occupies in its LCP-family. Three case studies of packaging products are carried out to show the applicability and usefulness of the concepts presented. 相似文献
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产品生命周期评价体系探讨 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
生命周期评价(LCA)是一个相对罗新的概念,理论上生命周期评价具有将环境质量融入决策过程的特点,生命周期评价是对产品和过程相关的环境干扰进行定量分析和评估的方法,本文介绍了LCA的要领和内容,探讨了LCA的技术框架和实施方案,并着重介绍LCA的核心--影响分析的主人指标,提出了LCA有待发展完善的方面。 相似文献
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李碧英 《辽宁城乡环境科技》2009,(7):17-20
运用目前环境管理的一种有效工具——生命周期评价方法(LCA),探讨船舶在其生命周期内对环境的影响行为。结果表明:船舶生命周期内对环境的影响主要是光化学烟雾,其次是酸化和全球变暖;而在船舶生命周期各个阶段中,营运阶段对各环境类型的贡献最大,原材料制造阶段、运输阶段和船舶制造阶段对环境影响较小。 相似文献
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Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a well-known tool for analyzing environmental impacts on a wide perspective with reference to a product system and the related environmental and economic impacts. The need for a novel approach that complements environmental and financial considerations is addressed in this study with the introduction of a new graphical representation: the Environmental Performance Strategy Map. This graphical map allows one to combine the main environmental indicators (footprints) with the additional dimension of cost. The paper defines the Sustainable Environmental Performance Indicator as a single measure for sustainability of a given option. Comparison of different options for strategic decision-making purposes can be enhanced and facilitated by the use of this indicator. 相似文献
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从国际生命周期小组的统计和国内外的案例,综述了新世纪生命周期评价(LCA)的发展和工业应用现状,对存在的问题进行探讨,就如何进一步改进提出建议。 相似文献
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《Journal of Cleaner Production》2007,15(4):335-346
Today, most people involved in the industrial engineering community (consultants, manufacturers, researchers and institutional actors) assert that Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the most successful tool to assess environmental considerations in the product design process. This assertion is addressed in this article through a simultaneous check of the potential of this tool and the environmental needs of the design team. After a comparison of this potential to these needs, the following assertions may be made: (1) LCA is not an adequate tool for the designer, because its utility in the design process is limited to an analysis of existing products or well defined products at the final stages of the design process, and (2) LCA is not useful in creating a learning dynamic (awareness) within the company, because it does not improve the legitimacy or the credibility of environmental considerations. Moreover, it may generate confusion within the design team while restricting the capacity for innovation within the company. This paper concludes that, in the product design field, the LCA tool should be considered as a specialized tool handled by a specific player (the environmental actor) and should be dedicated to the strategic evaluation of new concepts. 相似文献
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《Journal of Cleaner Production》2006,14(6-7):649-660
A new method is proposed for the identification of environmental impact category weights using a panel approach and a MultiCriteria Decision Aid (MCDA) for use within the weighting step in Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA). Seven environmental criteria were assessed by panellists and weights were obtained. The weighting factors of 10 impact categories were calculated according to a four-step procedure: (1) criteria definition; (2) scoring of each impact category (scale of 1–100, 100 causing the most damage) according to seven environmental criteria (human health, ecosystem health, resource consumption as well as scale, duration, reversibility and “distance-to-target”) by a panel of Canadian citizens; (3) assessment of each criterion's importance using a “resistance to change” approach; and (4) criteria aggregation (through MCDA) which allowed the calculation of a final weighting score for each impact category. The greatest advantage of this procedure is the ease with which it can be implemented in a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study whatever the LCIA method is used. Integrating weighting factors specific to the Canadian environmental context into a site-dependant LCIA method will contribute to the progress of LCA in Canada. 相似文献