系统EMI预测分级筛选方法研究

介绍了系统电磁干扰预测分析的基本原理,阐述了分级筛选分析方法及其数学模型,以此开发了基于模块化设计思想和面向对象程序设计范型的电磁干扰预测分析软件,对系统电磁兼容性优化设计有参考价值。     

一种装备战场电磁兼容性综合评估方法

目的衡量和论证复杂电磁环境下单个装备的综合电磁兼容性和战场己方所有装备系统的整体电磁兼容性。方法结合电磁兼容性综合评估需求,建立对装备电磁兼容性评估指标体系,研究综合评估方法。结果给出了装备战场电磁兼容性评估指标,建立了基于多指标的战场电磁兼容性综合评估指标体系,并从多属性决策角度,提出了基于网络分析法(ANP)和逼近理想解排序法(Topsis)的装备战场电磁兼容综合评估方法,通过评估实例验证了方法的实用性和正确性。结论装备战场电磁兼容性综合评估方法可以为装备、平台和集群的战场运用方式论证提供决策依据,评估结果具有一致性和可重用性。     

舰船编队EMC预测系统设计与实现

为使编队各舰载电子设备互不干扰地工作,以充分发挥海上作战体系的效能,必须保证整个编队系统的电磁兼容性。介绍了舰船编队电磁兼容预测系统的设计思路,分析了系统的体系结构,着重阐述了各组成模块的工作机理和电磁干扰预测的计算流程。通过算例分析,表明该系统能够完成对舰船编队进行电磁兼容预测的任务。     

舰船编队EMC预测系统设计与实现

为使编队各舰栽电子设备互不干扰地工作,以充分发挥海上作战体系的效能,必须保证整个编队系统的电磁兼容性。介绍了舰船编队电磁兼容预测系统的设计思路,分析了系统的体系结构,着重阐述了各组成模块的工作机理和电磁干扰预测的计算流程。通过算例分析,表明该系统能够完成对舰船编队进行电磁兼容预测的任务。     

系统电磁环境效应要求和试验评估研究

目的提高武器系统适应日益复杂的电磁环境,提升装备的作战效能,提出合理的系统电磁环境效应要求,并开展试验评估,以验证指标是否得到满足。方法采用基于使用需求和标准分析的方法,针对系统级电磁环境效应的复杂性和特殊性,通过对电磁环境效应要求和标准的分析,提出采用建模仿真,预测电磁环境,开展缩比模型、1︰1模型试验验证等方法确定电磁环境效应指标和要求。结果提出了系统内自兼容、系统间兼容性和系统与外部电磁环境3大类14小类的系统电磁环境效应要求,分析了每项电磁环境效应要求对四大类典型系统的适用性,提出了开展系统电磁环境效应试验的方法和流程,为开展装备系统级电磁环境效应工程研制、试验和评估提供了技术支撑。结论采用提出并确定系统电磁环境效应要求和试验评估方法,实施武器系统的电磁环境效应控制和评估,对装备使用性能的充分发挥具有十分重要的意义。     

军用电子设备电磁信息防护技术

从信息安全的角度分析了TEMPEST技术的主要研究内容和电磁泄漏的主要途径和方式、TEM—PEST检测技术及TEMPEST技术与EMC技术的关系，综述了国内外TEMPEST技术的发展状况，概括了在军用电子设备设计、应用中常用电磁信息防护的技术手段。     

基于物理模型的电磁环境数据采集与预测

简要介绍舰船电磁环境特性及预测的常用方法,提出一种基于物理模型试验的电磁环境数据采集与预测方法,并进行了系统设计与实现.该方法具有一定的通用性,不仅能对舰船电磁环境进行预测分析,还可为其它装备电磁环境的模拟与分析提供思路.     

超材料在舰船电磁环境控制中的应用探索

首先阐述了国内外水面舰船电磁干扰控制技术和雷达波隐身技术的发展现状,然后介绍了近年来电磁超材料(Metamaterial)的研究进展,并对其可应用于水面舰船总体电磁环境控制方面的潜在应用进行挖掘与探索,最后对未来水面舰船的雷达波隐身性设计和电磁兼容性设计的一体化解决方案进行了展望。     

运载火箭电磁环境测量方法研究

目的研究运载火箭所面临电磁环境的特点,提出外部电磁环境和内部电磁环境的测量方法。方法针对运载火箭面临的外部电磁环境,研究对未知电磁环境的测量方法和测量数据的评估方法。针对内部的电磁环境,研究小型测量天线和测量时天线的修正系数。结果通过实验验证了对未知电磁环境测量方法的可行性,验证了使用小型化天线开展内部电磁环境测量的可行性。结论设计的电磁环境测量方法可以实现对未知环境的测量,可以实现对狭小空间电磁环境的测量,能为运载火箭电磁兼容性设计提供数据依据。     

靶场环境电磁干扰控制

阐述了在靶场中应用的屏蔽技术、接地技术、滤波技术、静电放电保护措施、机动车辆干扰控制等硬件抗干扰技术以及常用的软件抗干扰技术,这些措施的综合应用可以有效提高靶场设备的电磁兼容性.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Evaluation of phytoextracting cadmium and lead by sunflower, ricinus, alfalfa and mustard in hydroponic culture

Soil contaminated with heavy metals cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)is hard to be remediated.Phytoremediation may be a feasible method to remove toxic metals from soil,but there are few suitable plants which can hyperaccumulate metals.In this study,Cd and Pb accumulation by four plants including sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.),mustard(Brassica juncea L.),alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.), ricinus(Ricinus communis L.)in hydroponic cultures was compared.Results showed that these plants could phytocxtract heavy metals, the ability of accumulation differed with species,concentrations and categories of heavy metals.Values of BCF(bioconcentration factor)and TF(translocation factor)indicated that four species had dissimilar abilities of phytoextraction and transportation of heavy metals.Changes on the biomass of plants,pH and Eh at different treatments revealed that these four plants had distinct responses to Cd and Pb in cultures.Measurements should be taken to improve the phytoremediation of sites contaminated with heavy metals,such as pH and Eh regulations,and so forth.     

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.     

Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.