古裂谷双模式地质特征

裂谷特有的作用过程——早期沿上地幔热异常带岩石圈遭受拉张上隆、减薄,中期断裂下陷及晚期的挤压、回返,造成陆内古裂谷具一系列双模式地质特征:先张后压构造形迹互相叠置、基性与酸性火山岩同时并存、非补偿性沉积与补偿性沉积构成沉积双元结构、双向式水流体系以及双模式成矿,变质作用。     

新疆西昆仑康西瓦构造带地质特征及演化

康西瓦构造带位于新疆西昆仑地区，是青藏高原西北缘一条重要的构造带。新藏公路沿线地质考察发现：构造带由多条长期活动的断裂带构成，沿断裂有糜棱岩带、角砾岩带和片理化带分布，同时发育韧性、脆性变形；构造带两侧的地层时代与沉积建造、变质程度、岩浆活动以及遥感图像和地貌形态都存在明显的差异。糜棱岩定向标本研究表明，构造带中韧性变形具有右行剪切特征；运动矢量及应力场模拟计算证实。构造带中脆性变形的构造运动以水平运动方式为主。综合这些资料及前人的研究成果，本文认为康西瓦构造带是印度洋板块与欧亚板块碰撞过程中在板块边界形成的一条右行走滑构造带。     

浙闽裂谷带的成矿意义

浙闽裂谷带为金银铅锌铜钼金属矿床及萤石、高岭土等非金属矿床的重要成矿域,其代表性矿床有治岭头金银矿床、梅仙式块状硫化物多金属矿床、银坑斑岩型钼矿床、湖山萤石矿田、武义萤石矿田等。裂谷带活动具两个旋回,第一旋回与超大陆解体相当,始于新元古代,闭合于加里东期,代表性地层标志为中元古代地层。第二旋回始于燕山早期,止于燕山晚期,代表性地层标志为下侏罗统枫坪组地层及白垩纪断陷盆地沉积地层。第一旋回相对应区域变质、混合岩化、韧性剪切活动及岩浆岩侵位等地质作用。第二旋回相对应大规模火山喷发、岩浆侵位、断陷盆地等地质作用。第一旋回裂谷环境中,形成治岭头式金银矿和梅仙式铅锌多金属矿床的初胚或金属矿床的初始矿体;在第二旋回后期大规模火山热液的成矿作用中,使前者叠加富集,形成了巨大资源量的工业矿体,而岩体侵位形成了一系列斑岩铜矿和浙闽地区极富特色非金属矿、萤石矿成矿带。     

江西永丰-崇仁盆地晚白垩世构造-沉积演化

本文分析了江西永丰-崇仁盆地上白垩统河口组、塘边组和莲荷组的沉积特征及沉积环境,认为其主要为一套洪冲积扇-辫状河-滨浅湖相沉积;研究了永丰-崇仁盆地晚白垩世沉积与构造的耦合过程,识别出3个构造-沉积演化期,即河口期、塘边期及莲荷期。河口期在剧烈断陷拉张作用下发育河流-冲积扇相沉积;塘边期构造相对稳定,断陷拉张作用减弱,发育河流-湖泊相沉积;莲荷期构造以盆地西北侧地层相对隆升为主,发育河流-冲积扇相沉积。本文认为永丰-崇仁红盆的形成和演化明显受到构造运动、气候及物源的控制。     

一条正在发育的中、新生代裂谷带

沿长乐－南澳断裂带分布有非蛇绿岩型的镁铁、超镁铁质岩块；具中、新生代裂谷型岩浆组合；断裂两侧具有相似的变质岩基底及对应显著的地幔隆升地带。说明该断裂带为一条正在发育的中、新生代裂谷带。     

西昆仑库地北构造带两侧地质特征对比及其大地构造意义

根据新藏公路沿线实际观察资料及前人研究成果，着重通过库地北构造带两侧变质岩、岩浆岩及构造古环境特征的对比，以及对构造带中蛇绿岩的地质特征和形成环境的分析，初步探讨了该构造带的大地构遣演化。认为库地北构造带为古昆仑洋盆消减、封闭的最终位置，是形成于志留纪的板块聚合碰撞缝合带，代表着早古生代阶段塔里木板块的南部边界，也是控制塔里木盆地西南部和西昆仑山地区区域构造格架的重要构造带。     

新疆北部银矿资源现状及展望

新疆地处世界三个巨型银成矿带中两个成矿带的文汇部位，西伯利亚板块、准噶尔-哈萨克斯坦板块和塔里木板块以及伊犁微板块碰任产生的三条碰撞带都经过北疆地区，因而，该区火山-侵入活动强烈，断裂构造发育，银的区域背景值高，这些对银成矿均有利。近几年发现了一批银矿点和矿化带，构成数个银矿化密集区。这些密集区与火山-侵入活动密切相关。表明北疆地区有很好的银成矿前景。     

青藏高原北缘银石山地区差异隆升机制

青藏高原北缘银石山地区晚新生代区域构造体制总体为南北向挤压，其主要构造表现有EW向断裂发育及其逆冲活动导致断块的差异抬升、渐新世阿克塔什组中两期挤压褶皱构造、新构造平移断裂发育及其形成多种类型的走滑成因型湖泊等。该地区详细的野外地质调查未发现晚新生代伸展构造形迹。其新构造特征的形成机制可解释为：晚新生代岩石圈地幔的拆沉及软流圈地幔的上隆使上部岩石圈破裂和抬升，同时印度板块与塔里木板块持续的南北向挤压作用使测区总体处于强烈的区域挤压应力场中，从而使表壳地块沿破裂面产生逆冲运动，并造成差异隆升。     

扬子板块东北缘中元古代的大地构造划分

扬子板块东北缘存在四条主要的中元古代变质带,自南向北依次为江南变质带、沿江变质带、云台-张八岭变质带和连云港-泗阳变质带.它们分别为中元古代的古弧后盆地、火山岛弧、裂谷及弧前盆地,扬子板块东北缘中元古代为活动大陆边缘构造体系.苏(北)胶(南)变质造山带应解体,其中一部分属扬子大陆边缘体系.     

四川红层浅层风化带裂隙水水化学特征的聚类分析

四川红层盆地浅层风化带裂隙水是区内分布最为广泛和目前开采最多的浅层地下水类型,本文通过对大量控制性水样分析结果进行聚类分析,探讨了该地区浅层风化带裂隙水的水化学成分特征及其分布规律,结果表明区内91%以上的浅层风化带裂隙水为HCO3-型淡水,主要分布在中部方山丘陵小区、南部台状低山丘陵小区和东部侵蚀构造平行岭谷低山丘陵小区。该研究可为开发利用浅层地下水提供地学依据。     

大连金州新区并区前后的生态适宜度分析

开发区扩区或与行政区合并是近年来开发区二次创业的发展趋势,有必要对并区前后的土地利用和产业布局合理性进行评估。应用层次分析法和专家打分法分析了大连金州新区并区前后的生态适宜度。结果表明:原金州区的工业区和居住区在合并前后生态适宜度得分从63.75分和60.25分上升到82.75分和85.75分;经济技术开发区工业区和居住区从82.75分和77分上升到82.75分和85.75分。均从不适宜、适宜上升到很适宜。     

A revised stratigraphic framework for Later Cenozoic sequences in the northeastern Mediterranean region

This study describes the lithostratigraphic character of mid-Cenozoic (Oligocene–Pliocene) sequences in different parts of the northeastern Mediterranean area and offers a detailed stratigraphic correlation for this region. The sequences concerned are drawn from the Camardi area (south–central Anatolia), the Adana Basin, the Misis Mountains and the Kyrenia Range (northern Cyprus) and the submerged Florence Rise (west of Cyprus). The stratigraphic relationships identified here indicate the following: (a) Following the middle Eocene (Lutetian) regression there was uplift throughout the entire region; (b) Episodes of fluvial and lacustrine deposition in intramontane settings ensued in most of this region during the late Eocene/early Miocene interval; (c) Following a regionally extensive phase of tectonic compression, major marine transgression commenced in the late Oligocene in northern Cyprus and in the early Miocene in adjacent southern Turkey, with the exception of the Ecemis Fault Zone where continental deposition continued; (d) These Oligo-Miocene transgressive sequences comprise a broadly diachronous complex of both shallow and deeper marine facies, including reefal carbonates, littoral clastics, basinal shales and fan-turbidites; (e) Deeper marine Miocene facies persisted longer in the Misis area and in northern Cyprus; (f) A regional regression occurred throughout most of the area during the late Serravallian to Tortonian interval and is marked by the abrupt, locally discordant appearance of extensive shallow marine, deltaic and fluvial deposits; (g) Continued regression in the Messinian led to the formation of significant evaporite deposits in the western and southern parts of the region, but localized uplift of the Misis area is attested by the initial deformation of the Neogene rocks there and the absence of Messinian sediments from this area; (h) In the Pliocene there was extensive emergence of the northern parts of the region interrupted by brief marine incursions. The present-day drainage pattern was established at this time; (i) Marine conditions persisted longer in northern Cyprus, where emergence occurred only in the latest Pliocene.     

旅游度假区建设对旅游资源的影响评价及保护规划研究

在对岳阳南湖风景区旅游资源现状进行调查与评价的基础上,根据风景资源构成的基本要素山、水、林、气象、建筑与人之间的相互关系原理,探讨了岳阳南湖旅游度假区的开发建设对旅游资源的影响,并提出了建筑与景观协调发展规划和绿化规划等旅游资源开发与保护规划。研究结果为南湖度假区的规划、决策、建设与管理提供了有效的手段,研究方法可供其它类似旅游度假区参考     

Industrial and wildfire aerosol pollution over world heritage Lake Baikal

Lake Baikal is the biggest reservoir of fresh water with unique flora and fauna; presently it is negatively affected by climate change, water warming, industrial emissions, shipping, touristic activities, and Siberian forest fires. The assessment of air pollution - related Baikal's ecosystem damage is an unsolved problem. Ship, based expedition exploring the Baikal atmospheric aerosol loading, was performed over the lake area in July 2018. We combine the aerosol near - water and vertical distributions over the Lake Baikal basin with meteorological observations and air mass transportation simulations. Lidar sounding of aerosol fields in the troposphere assesses the atmospheric background in the pristine areas and the pollution during fire-affected periods. Aerosol optical properties (scattering and spectral absorption) converted to the particle number size, black carbon (BC) mass, and Absorption Angstrom Exponent (AAE) provide the inside into aerosol characterization. Transport of industrial emissions from Krasnoyarsk and Irkutsk regions, and wildfire plumes from Republic of Yakutia relates the pollution sources to the increased concentrations of fine particle numbers, PM₁₀ and BC mass over Southern and Northern/Central Baikal, respectively. The highest PM₁₀ and BC are associated to the harbor and touristic areas of intensive shipping and residential biomass burning. Deposition estimates applied to aerosol data exhibit the pollution fluxes to water surface over the whole Baikal area. AAE marks the impact of coal combustion, residential biomass burning, and wildfires indicating the high pollution level of the Lake Baikal ecological system .     

基于MERIS影像的洪泽湖叶绿素a浓度时空变化规律分析

叶绿素a(Chl-a)浓度是衡量藻类生物量及评价水体营养状态的重要指标.基于洪泽湖2016年7月、2016年12月共49个实测水质参数与同步光谱数据,验证了5种可应用于MERIS/OLCI数据的Chl-a遥感估算模型(包括波段比值模型、三波段模型、FLH模型、MCI模型以及UMOC模型)在洪泽湖水域的适用性.结果表明,UMOC模型是最适用于洪泽湖水域的Chl-a浓度估算模型,其平均相对误差为32.30%,低于波段比值模型的75.17%,三波段模型的62.44%,FLH模型的45.87%和MCI模型的56.95%.进而利用UMOC模型,结合MERIS数据,获取了洪泽湖2002~2012年Chl-a浓度遥感估算产品,并分析了洪泽湖Chl-a浓度的时空变化规律.洪泽湖Chl-a浓度具有明显的时空差异性.依据水体像元长时间序列月平均Chl-a浓度的差异,将洪泽湖水体分为了区域A、区域B和区域C这3种类型.区域B和区域C水体无明显的变化趋势,区域A则显著增加.与气象因子的相关性分析表明,区域B和区域C年平均Chl-a的波动主要受年降水量的影响,反映了该2个区域Chl-a浓度的变化主要受湖流强度的控制,区域A年平均Chl-a浓度的变化与年平均风速呈显著负相关性,风速下降的气候大背景可能会加重这一区域的富营养化程度,威胁南水北调的水质安全.此外,在汛期(7~9月)洪泽湖水体Chl-a浓度与离淮河入湖口的距离呈显著的正相关关系,证明了这一时期淮河对洪泽湖藻类浓度具有明显的抑制作用.     

Sequence analytical approach to the Upper Kimmeridgian-Lower Tithonian storm-dominated ramp deposits of the Boulonnais (Northern France). A landward time-equivalent to offshore marine source rocks

An interdisciplinary approach based on high-resolution physical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, organic matter analysis and clay mineralogy has been applied to the mixed siliciclastic/carbonate Kimmeridgian/Tithonian deposits of the Boulonnais (north-western France). These rocks are the age-equivalents of some of the offshore marine source rocks of the North Sea and were deposited in an overall storm-dominated homoclinal ramp setting which may represent one of the most shore-proximal sediments of this age cropping out in north-western Europe. Comparison with data from the Yorkshire, Dorset, Lorraine and Aquitaine areas allows the discrimination of three major transgressive-regressive sediment packages with disconformities of interregional extent: (1) from the Baylei Zone to top Eudoxus Zone; (2) from the Autissiodorensis Zone to base Scitulus Zone; (3) from the upper Scitulus Zone to the Pectinatus Zone. The lower two regionally correlative disconformities correspond to the sequence boundaries at the top of the Eudoxus Zone and the top of the Autissiodorensis Zone, formed by high-frequency relative sea-level variations during the periods of maximum transgression of the platform. The latter disconformity (the P1 nodule bed) reflects a major tectonically induced reorganization of the north-west European intrashelf sedimentary basin, characterized by a shift in both the location of the main depocentre and the sources of sediment production.     

Trends in fire patterns in a southern African savanna under alternative land use practices

Climate, topography, vegetation and land use interact to influence fire regimes. Variable fire regimes may promote landscape heterogeneity, diversification in vegetation pattern and biotic diversity. The objective was to compare effects of alternative land use practices on landscape heterogeneity. Patch characteristics of fire scars were measured from 21 annual burn maps produced from 1972 to 2001 Landsat imagery. Trends in fire patterns under alternative land use practices were compared across a 250,000 ha savanna in southern Africa partitioned into three land use zones. Zone 1, Madikwe Game Reserve (MGR), has had mostly prescribed fires since 1993. Zone 2, cattle farms near MGR in South Africa (SAF), has experienced occasional fires. Zone 3, communal grazing lands in neighboring Botswana (BOT), has had the fewest fires. Cattle ranching was the predominant land use throughout the study area until 1992, when land use switched to conservation and eco-tourism in MGR. Sixteen landscape metrics were applied to this data set to uncover trends in the patch characteristics of the fire scars. A principal components analysis (PCA) reduced the dimensionality of the results so trends in the 10 most important size, shape, and proximity metrics could be better interpreted. The PCA results showed that more burning over time in MGR, and to a lesser extent in SAF, increased patch size, size variability, shape complexity and proximity, while fire exclusion in BOT produced no change or decreasing trends. We tested for significant differences in these metrics between the three land use zones and between two periods, 1972–1992 and 1993–2001. Most patch characteristics in MGR and SAF differed significantly from those in BOT, especially during the latter period, while between MGR and SAF they did not. Patch area, shape complexity and core area increased significantly between periods in MGR, while patch size, size variability and core area increased significantly between periods in SAF. In BOT, no patch characteristics changed significantly between periods. Within the time span analyzed for the study area, we conclude that increased fire occurrence promoted landscape heterogeneity while fire exclusion did not.     

我国海洋经济增长与海洋环境压力的脱钩关系研究

本文选取沿海地区工业废水直排入海量、工业废水中化学需氧量入海量、工业废水中氨氮入海量以及赤潮发生面积作为海洋环境压力指标,基于Tapio脱钩模型,引入脱钩指数构建脱钩状态评价指标,从时间和空间两个层面探讨我国海洋经济增长和海洋环境压力的脱钩状态演变趋势。结果表明:2002~2010年,各项海洋环境压力指标与我国海洋经济增长之间均呈现出扩张负脱钩、弱脱钩和强脱钩三种状态,但演变趋势各有不同;空间上,环渤海经济区海洋环境压力脱钩状态总体表现最优,各项污染指标基本稳定在弱脱钩和强脱钩状态;长三角经济区和珠三角经济区的脱钩状态总体波动较大,各项污染指标在多个不同时期出现恶化情形。基于以上研究结果,本文提出了相应的对策建议,以期实现海洋经济和海洋环境压力的完全脱钩。     

马里亚纳海槽玄武岩K-Ar定年及其地质意义

对马里亚纳海槽弧后扩张脊上所采集的玄武岩样品进行了系统的K -Ar定年 ,同时结合研究玄武岩的微量元素以及稀土元素特征后指出 ,马里亚纳海槽的张开及与之伴随发生的玄武岩浆活动自晚中新世以来一直都在进行 ,其主活动期为 2～ 4Ma。海槽玄武岩年龄在空间上具有从南到北逐渐变新的演化规律。据此 ,推断该海槽的扩张演化可能受控于该区内热区的迁移及运动规律     

中中新世气候适宜期西北内陆干旱区气候演化特征

中中新世气候适宜期是距离现今最近的一个未受人类活动影响的气候适宜阶段,现有记录大多显示全球在中中新世气候适宜期期间气候以暖湿为特征。我国西北内陆干旱区作为北半球中纬度面积最大的干旱带的重要组成部分,其气候如何响应全球中中新世气候适宜期的气候变化对预测全球变暖背景下西北内陆干旱区气候变化趋势及实现生态建设具有重要的指导意义。本文总结了西北内陆干旱区具有年代控制的15个剖面的孢粉、同位素、磁化率等19项记录,并选取各记录中指示意义明确的气候代用指标进行集成、分析,发现多数剖面在中中新世气候适宜期的不同时段出现了湿润化特征,但湿润化的出现、结束时间不同,自西向东,湿润事件结束(或适宜期后干旱化增强事件出现)的时间变晚。推测西北内陆干旱区中中新世气候适宜期的气候演化主要受全球气候变化影响,但湿润事件结束或适宜期后干旱化增强事件出现及其呈现出的时空差异则受区域构造活动及气候系统等因素控制。