还原氧化石墨烯支撑纳米零价铁对含Sb(Ⅲ)废水的处理

针对含重金属Sb(III)废水处理问题,采用液相还原法制备出高效的还原氧化石墨烯负载纳米零价铁(nZVI/rGO)复合吸附材料,并采用多种技术手段对所制备的nZVI/rGO复合材料进行表征.同时,复合材料中nZVI的负载量、吸附剂投加量、初始pH值以及反应温度等因素对废水中Sb(Ⅲ)吸附去除效果的影响被全面考察,并进一步对吸附过程进行吸附等温线和吸附动力学拟合.结果表明,在25℃,pH为3.0时,当nZVI负载量为70wt%,nZVI/rGO投加量为0.5g/L时,Sb(Ⅲ)的去除率最高,140min内可达99.7%.该吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型与Langmuir等温吸附模型,因此nZVI/rGO被证实是一种高效的Sb(III)吸附材料.     

硫酸改性火山石对水中左氧氟沙星的吸附研究

利用硫酸改性火山石对水中左氧氟沙星进行吸附,通过XRD、SEM和FT-IR等手段对吸附剂进行表征,考察了吸附剂投加量、初始pH、共存盐类和吸附时间等因素对吸附效果的影响,并对吸附动力学和吸附等温线进行拟合.结果表明:天然火山石经硫酸改性后孔隙结构更加丰富,抗pH和共存盐类干扰能力较强;当吸附剂投加量为25?g/L、pH...     

煤质活性炭对水中DBP的吸附效能研究

以煤质活性炭为吸附剂,选用邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)为吸附质,通过改变DBP的浓度(2~10 mg/L)、环境温度(25~35℃)以及吸附时间(2~12 h)进行平衡、动力学、热力学研究,并讨论了吸附剂投加量和溶液pH对吸附的影响。结果表明,吸附过程可以由Langmuir吸附等温线模型描述,理论吸附量达到了81.3 mg/g;吸附符合伪二级动力学模型;由热力学计算得出,自由能变ΔG为负值,说明吸附过程是自发的;在一定范围内,增大投加量可以提高吸附效果;酸性及碱性条件下的吸附效果更佳。     

D301树脂对水中氟虫腈的吸附去除研究

文章研究D301树脂对水溶液中氟虫腈的吸附行为,考察了吸附剂投加量和溶液pH值对吸附效果的影响,对吸附等温线和吸附动力学进行了探讨,并选择不同模型对吸附曲线进行拟合。结果表明,当氟虫腈溶液初始浓度为2 mg/L,吸附剂投加量为0.5 g/L时,氟虫腈的去除率达到100%;溶液pH值在3⁹范围内变化时,对吸附的影响较小,相对而言pH=7的吸附效果最好;D301树脂对氟虫腈的吸附等温线满足Langmuir吸附等温式和Freundlich吸附等温式,相关系数R2分别为0.994和0.991;吸附动力学符合Lagergren一级反应方程。总体来说,D301树脂对氟虫腈的吸附效果较好。     

净水污泥柠檬酸钠改性焙烧制备陶粒吸附剂及其对废水中氨氮吸附性能的研究

以净水污泥为原料,选用盐酸、氢氧化钾、柠檬酸钠为改性剂,通过研磨-改性-造粒-焙烧等工艺制备改性净水污泥陶粒吸附剂(以下简称改性陶粒吸附剂),测定其对水中氨氮的吸附量,筛选出最佳改性陶粒吸附剂和最佳改性陶粒吸附剂浓度,并在相同条件下制备原净水污泥陶粒吸附剂(简称原泥陶粒吸附剂)作为对比;采用XRD、BET、FTIR、SEM/EDX分析手段对改性陶粒吸附剂和原泥陶粒吸附剂两种吸附剂进行了表征,并通过静态吸附对比实验,探讨了两种吸附剂对废水中氨氮吸附效果的影响因素;对试验数据进行了吸附等温线和吸附动力学模型拟合研究,并探讨了饱和改性陶粒吸附剂对氨氮的解吸和重复再生效果。结果表明:(1)净水污泥的最佳改性条件为采用0.5 mol/L的柠檬酸钠搅拌混合并在65℃水浴温度下浸泡5 h;(2)改性陶粒吸附剂对氨氮的去除效果与原泥陶粒吸附剂相比有显著提高,当溶液最佳pH为7、饱和吸附时间为6 h、吸附剂投加量为20 g/L、氨氮初始浓度为50 mg/L时,改性陶粒吸附剂的最大吸附量为1.938 mg/g,为原泥陶粒吸附剂的2.46倍;(3)吸附等温线和吸附动力学的拟合结果表明,改性陶粒吸附剂和原泥陶粒吸附剂对氨氮的吸附过程均符合Langmuir模型和准二级动力学模型;(4)饱和改性陶粒吸附剂的最佳再生液为0.1 mol/L的NaOH溶液,经过5次解吸再生后,对氨氮的解吸率仅下降6.53%。     

沸石分子筛对水中2,4-二甲基苯酚的吸附特性研究

以沸石分子筛为吸附剂,采用批次试验,研究静态吸附对水中2,4-二甲基苯酚(2,4-DMP)的吸附去除效果,比较了3种不同类型的沸石分子筛对2,4-DMP的吸附性能,选择其中吸附性能最好的沸石分子筛FAU-Y为吸附剂,分别考察了溶液初始p H、吸附剂投加量对吸附效果的影响,并对吸附动力学和吸附等温线进行了分析。结果表明,FAU-Y对2,4-DMP具有较大的吸附量,在2,4-DMP初始浓度为250 mgL,溶液初始p H为5.2,吸附剂投加量为5.0 gL时,室温条件下反应24h可以达到吸附平衡状态,饱和吸附容量为48.22 mgg;初始p H为2.0~9.3时,对FAU-Y吸附2,4-DMP没有明显影响;吸附动力学和吸附等温线分析结果表明,二级动力学能更好地描述FAU-Y对2,4-DMP的吸附,Langmuir-Freundlich吸附等温线对吸附平衡数据的拟合优于Langmuir吸附等温线和Freundlich吸附等温线。     

改性麦糟吸附水中酸性湖蓝A和碱性湖蓝BB实验研究

采用AlCl_3改性麦糟和Na OH改性麦糟分别处理酸性湖蓝A和碱性湖蓝BB,研究了不同pH、吸附剂投加量、时间和温度对吸附效果的影响。结果表明:改性麦糟对酸性湖蓝A吸附反应的最佳条件在室温下,初始染料色度为500倍,溶液pH为3,吸附剂投加量5 g/L,反应时间30 min,脱色率达93%;改性麦糟对碱性湖蓝BB吸附反应的最佳条件在室温下,初始染料色度为500倍,溶液pH为9,吸附剂投加量3 g/L,反应时间30 min,脱色率达99%。且吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,其相关系数均在0.999以上。实验处理后废水色度在50倍以下,水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级标准。     

软锰矿改性污泥活性炭对Cu~(2+)吸附特性的研究

文章对比研究了污泥活性炭(AC)和1%软锰矿改性的污泥活性炭(ACP)对溶液中Cu2+的吸附特性,考察了时间、pH值和吸附剂投加量等因素对吸附反应的影响。结果表明:室温下,180 min后Cu2+吸附达到平衡,pH=4.8时吸附效果最优;伪二阶动力学方程和Langmuir吸附等温方程能很好地拟合两种污泥活性炭的吸附反应。通过计算,室温下,改性前后的污泥活性炭Langmuir模型的饱和吸附量Qm分别是78.13 mg/g和94.34 mg/g。在初始浓度200 mg/L,pH=5,吸附剂投加量为2g/L时,1%软锰矿改性的污泥活性炭对Cu2+的最大吸附量为90.15 mg/g,比未改性时提高了23.33%。     

树脂吸附法处理黄连素模拟废水

利用树脂吸附法对黄连素模拟废水进行了试验研究,对5种大孔吸附树脂进行初步筛选,从中优选出最佳吸附树脂(大孔树脂H103)。考察了pH和树脂投加量对吸附效果的影响,绘制了动力学曲线和吸附等温线。结果表明:在黄连素浓度为1 000 mg/L,最佳初始pH为7.0的条件下,树脂最佳投加量为3.0 g。在最佳pH条件下,吸附等温线可用Freundlich等温吸附方程描述。     

壳聚糖对Cu~(2+)的吸附与解吸

研究了溶液pH值、Cu2+初始浓度、吸附剂投加量、吸附时间及温度对壳聚糖吸附Cu2+的影响,并对达到吸附平衡的壳聚糖进行了解吸研究。结果表明,壳聚糖对Cu2+的吸附量随pH值的升高而增大,在pH值为4.7时,基本达到吸附平衡;吸附过程同时符合Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型,最大吸附量为142.9 mg/g;与拟一级动力学模型相比,拟二级动力学模型可以更好地描述吸附过程;吸附剂最佳投加量为1 g/L。用0.03 mol/L H2SO4溶液做脱附液,搅拌10 min,脱附率为73.4%;经过4次脱附-吸附循环,壳聚糖平衡吸附量变化不大,具有良好的重复使用性。     

Sequestration of toxic Pb(Ⅱ) ions by chemically treated rubber(Hevea brasiliensis) leaf powder

Rubber leaf powder(an agricultural waste) was treated with potassium permanganate followed by sodium carbonate and its performance in the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution was evaluated.The interactions between Pb(Ⅱ) ions and functional groups on the adsorbent surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy(SEM) coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDX).The effects of several important parameters which can affect adsorption capacity such as pH,adsorbent dosage,initial lead concentration and contact time were studied.The optimum pH range for lead adsorption was 4-5.Even at very low adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g,almost 100% of Pb(Ⅱ) ions(23 mg/L) could be removed.The adsorption capacity was also dependent on lead concentration and contact time,and relatively a short period of time(60-90 min) was required to reach equilibrium.The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir,Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms.Based on Langmuir model,the maximum adsorption capacity of lead was 95.3 mg/g.Three kinetic models including pseudo first-order,pseudo second-order and Boyd were used to analyze the lead adsorption process,and the results showed that the pseudo second-order fitted well with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99.     

Acid Blue 25 adsorption on base treated Shorea dasyphylla sawdust: Kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamic and spectroscopic analysis

The potential of base treated Shorea dasyphylla (BTSD) sawdust for Acid Blue 25 (AB 25) adsorption was investigated in a batch adsorption process. Various physiochemical parameters such as pH, stirring rate, dosage, concentration, contact time and temperature were studied. The adsorbent was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller analysis. The optimum conditions for AB 25 adsorption were pH 2, stirring rate 500 r/min, adsorbent dosage 0.10 g and contact time 60 min. The pseudo second-order model showed the best conformity to the kinetic data. The equilibrium adsorption of AB 25 was described by Freundlich and Langmuir, with the latter found to agree well with the isotherm model. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of BTSD was 24.39 mg/g at 300 K, estimated from the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy were determined. It was found that AB 25 adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic.     

油菜秸杆外壳对水溶液中六价铬的吸附作用

为探讨油菜秸秆外壳去除水溶液中重金属铬的可能性及其影响因素,并研究其吸附性能和吸附机制.采用Box-Behnken Design实验设计研究了水溶液中六价铬[Cr(VI)]初始浓度、pH值范围、油菜秸秆外壳添加量和吸附温度4个因素对油菜秸秆外壳去除溶液中Cr(VI)的影响作用;用吸附等温方程、吸附动力学方程与热力学方程分别探讨了油菜秸秆外壳去除水溶液中Cr(VI)的行为;采用红外光谱技术对油菜秸秆外壳吸附水溶液Cr(VI)前后进行表征,探讨其吸附机制.油菜秸秆外壳去除溶液中Cr(VI)的最佳条件组合为:在吸附时间为1440min时,Cr(VI)初始浓度为99.15mg/L、pH值为1.01、油菜秸秆外壳添加量为2.90g/L和吸附温度35.70℃,Cr(VI)去除率为91.97%;吸附等温线拟合,吸附Cr(VI)行为符合Freundlich方程,为优惠吸附;热力学研究表明:溶液中Cr(VI)吸附属吸热反应,且为自发吸附行为;吸附动力学显示:油菜秸秆外壳去除溶液Cr(VI)符合准二阶动力学方程,吸附过程中存在离子交换;红外光谱提示:吸附过程中,O—H、C—H、NH3+、N—H和C—O基团与Cr(VI) 络合吸附发挥了重要作用.油菜秸秆外壳能够有效吸附水溶液中的Cr(VI),pH值是最为重要的影响因素.     

巯基乙胺改性蛭石对水体中Ag(I)的吸附性能研究

用巯基乙胺(MEA)来改性天然蛭石,并利用FTIR、BET、TG-DSC等手段对蛭石和改性蛭石进行表征,分析结果显示MEA成功负载到蛭石上.同时,研究改性蛭石对Ag+的吸附性能,结果表明,经过巯基乙胺改性后蛭石的吸附能力得到较大提升Ag+的去除率从20%提升到79%,吸附大约在200min达到平衡,吸附剂最佳投加量为2g/L左右,pH值在6~12范围内都有较好的吸附效果.Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型能够很好的解释VER和MEA-VER对Ag+的吸附过程.VER和MEA-VER对Ag+的吸附机理主要有电荷吸附和配位吸附.     

蛋壳静态吸附微污染饮用水中铁的实验研究

采用静态吸附实验考察了不同条件下废弃蛋壳吸附剂对总铁浓度为2.866mg/L的微污染饮用水处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,静态吸附总铁浓度为2.866mg/L的100mL微污染饮用水,当吸附剂用量为3.0g,介质pH值为5.0,吸附时间为2.0h时,铁的去除率可以达到98.81%。总铁浓度下降为0.034mg/L,达到了GB5749-85的标准。文章同时对吸附等温线等进行了实验说明。     

Sequestration of toxic Pb（II） ions by chemically treated rubber （Hevea brasiliensis ） leaf powder

Rubber leaf powder (an agricultural waste) was treated with potassium permanganate followed by sodium carbonate and its performance in the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution was evaluated. The interactions between Pb(II) ions and functional groups on the adsorbent surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The effects of several important parameters which can affect adsorption capacity such as pH, adsorbent dosage, initial lead concentration and contact time were studied. The optimum pH range for lead adsorption was 4–5. Even at very low adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g, almost 100% of Pb(II) ions (23 mg/L) could be removed. The adsorption capacity was also dependent on lead concentration and contact time, and relatively a short period of time (60–90 min) was required to reach equilibrium. The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. Based on Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of lead was 95.3 mg/g. Three kinetic models including pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and Boyd were used to analyze the lead adsorption process, and the results showed that the pseudo second-order fitted well with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99.     

三乙烯四胺改性风化煤对废水中Ni2+的吸附机制

为提高风化煤对Ni2+的吸附性能,以XWC（新疆风化煤）为基体,TETA（三乙烯四胺）为改性剂,采用交联反应联合超声波振荡制备ACA（胺化煤基吸附剂）,利用SEM（扫描电镜）等手段对其进行表征,并考察了体系pH、吸附剂用量、反应时间及溶液初始ρ（Ni2+）对吸附过程的影响,通过吸附动力学和吸附等温模型对吸附机制进行描述.结果表明,TETA中的多乙烯多胺基成功接枝到煤粉表面使风化煤的表面颗粒增多,比表面积由6.875 m2/g减至3.440 m2/g,孔容由0.011 cm3/g减至0.005 cm3/g.在pH为8.0、ACA用量为0.4 g时吸附效果最好.ACA和XWC对Ni2+的吸附过程均符合准二级动力学方程及Langmuir吸附等温模型.拟合得ACA的饱和吸附量为188.68 mg/g,较改性前提高了5.1倍.研究显示,ACA处理ρ（Ni2+）范围为200~1 000 mg/L的废水时,对Ni2+的去除率稳定在95%以上.      

NaCl改性沸石对水中氨氮的吸附机制

通过颗粒强度测定、扫描电镜分析（SEM）、X射线能谱分析（EDS）和零电点测定（pHPZC）考察改性前后沸石表面特性的变化,考察pH值、沸石投加量、初始氨氮浓度以及温度对吸附过程的影响,并通过吸附等温式和吸附动力学对吸附机制进行描述.经过NaCl改性后的沸石的颗粒强度明显增大,表面更加粗糙,孔径增大,钠离子通过交换作用进入到沸石内部.pH值为7,沸石投加量为8g/L,温度为35℃时吸附效果最好,平衡吸附量（qe）与氨氮初始浓度呈正相关性.Langmuir等温线比Freundlich等温线更适合描述实验数据,最大饱和吸附量为13.210mg/g.吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型.实验表明NaCl改性沸石能够有效去除水中的氨氮.     

Polyphenylene sulfide based anion exchange fiber: Synthesis, characterization and adsorption of Cr(VI)

A fibrous strong base anion exchanger (QAPPS) was prepared for the first time via chloromethylation and quaternary amination reaction of polyphenylene sulfide fiber (PPS), and its physical-chemical structure and adsorption behavior for Cr(VI) were characterized by FT-IR, Energy Dispersive Spectrometry, TG-DTG, elemental analysis and batch adsorptive technique, respectively. The novel fibrous adsorbent could effectively adsorb Cr(VI) over the pH range 1-12, the maximum adsorption capacity was 166.39 mg/g at pH 3.5, and the adsorption behavior could be described well by Langmuir isotherm equation model. The adsorption kinetics was studied using pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order models, and the t_1/2 and equilibrium adsorption time were 5 and 20 min respectively when initial Cr(VI) concentration was 100 mg/L. The saturated fibers could be regenerated rapidly by a mixed solution of 0.5 mol/L NaOH and 0.5 mol/L NaCl, and the adsorption capacity was well maintained after six adsorption-desorption cycles.