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熔融还原解毒后铬渣的稳定性研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
着重阐明了铬渣经旋风炉附烧有炉外水淬处理后生成的玻璃体粒化解毒性的安定性问题,通过对解毒渣的物相结构,浸溶性和高温稳定性等试验分析,最终判明解毒渣在小于或等于500℃条件下没有反玻璃化倾向,在自然环境中储放和用作建材,都是安定和安全的。 相似文献
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本文介绍了在旋风炉中掺烧铬渣以消除铬渣毒害的试验.经过连续五天的试验,结果证明,利用旋风炉热强高等特点,烧煤和铬渣的混合料,可在保证正常发电的前提下,将六价铬离子比较彻底地还原为三价铬离子.燃烧后的水淬炉渣及水淬水中检不出六价铬离子,从而为铬渣处理找到了一条新的途径。 相似文献
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针对260 t/h旋风燃烧炉机组进行烟气污染物排放测试,并通过旋风炉掺烧铬渣后对其飞灰、底渣进行XRD、XRF分析,考察对重金属Cr(Ⅵ)、Hg的固化效果。结果表明:烟尘、SO_2、CO排放浓度偏高,需进一步改造处理;旋风炉掺烧铬渣飞灰中Hg、Cr(Ⅵ)的浓度分别为6.77,94.7 mg/kg,其中有毒Cr(Ⅵ)浓度显著降低,下降了97.5%;结合XRD分析可知,掺烧铬渣过程中,大部分重金属Hg、Cr(Ⅵ)主要靠挥发和通过铬渣与原煤中矿物质相互反应生成化合物释放到烟气和飞灰中,而底渣中未检测出明显的含Cr矿物质存在。 相似文献
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铬渣作为一种危险废物,大量堆存造成了严重的环境污染问题。简要介绍了各种铬渣解毒方法,着重介绍了铬渣烧结炼铁技术,并以辽宁省锦州铁合金集团为例,介绍了铬渣炼铁应用实例,阐明铬渣炼铁技术是目前解决铬渣污染的最佳途径。 相似文献
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米糠在微波条件下解毒铬渣中六价铬的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
铬渣中含有毒性较强的六价铬化合物,其严重污染环境。为探讨米糠解毒铬渣的可行性,以米糠作为解毒铬渣的材料,在微波条件下对铬渣中的六价铬进行解毒实验研究。利用正交实验对铬渣中六价铬的去除条件进行了优化。在此基础上,开展单因素实验进一步研究确定了铬渣中六价铬去除的最佳条件,并对解毒后的含铬米糠是否具有危险废物的浸出毒性进行了探讨。实验结果表明,当米糠与铬渣质量比为2.5:1,微波作用时间为5min,微波功率为900W时铬渣中六价铬的去除率最大,为72.2%,且解毒后米糠中六价铬的浸出较小,低于国家最高允许浓度标准。 相似文献
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Chromium being one of the major toxic pollutants is discharged from electroplating and chrome tanning processes and is also found in the effluents of dyes,paint pigments,manufacturing units etc.Chromium exists in aqueous systems in both trivalent(Cr^3 )and hexavalent (Cr^6 )forms.The hexavalent form is carcinogenic and toxic to aquatic life,whereas Cr^3 is however comparatively less toxic.This study was undertaken to investigate the total chromium removal from industial effluents by chemical means in order to achieve the Pakistan NEQS level of 1 mg/L by the methods of reduction and precipitation.The study was conducted in four phase Ⅰ,the optimum pH and cost effective reducing agent among the four popular commercial chemicals was selected.As a result,pH of 2 was found to be most suitable and sodium meta bisulfate was found to be the most cost effective reducing agent respectively.Phase Ⅱ showed that lower dose of sodium meta hisulfate was sufficient to obtain 100% efficiency in reducing Cr^6 to Cr^3 ,and it was noted that reaction time had no significance in the whole process.A design curve for reduction process was established which can act as a tool for treatment of industrial effluents.Phase Ⅲ studies indicated the best pH was 8.5 for precipitation of Cr^3 to chromium hydroxide by using lime.An efficiency of 100% was achievable and a settling time of 30 minutes produced clear effluent.Finally in Phase Ⅳ actual waste samples from chrome tanning and electroplating industries,when precipitated at pH of 12 gave 100% efficiency at a settling time of 30 minutes and confirmed that chemical means of reduction and precipitation is a feasible and viable solution for treating chromium wastes from industries. 相似文献
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为了科学地诊断出存在的环境问题,实现对生态环境的保护,以重点生态功能区雷山县为例,结合地形、地貌与气候等数据,以格网为评价单元,构建生态系统敏感性评价指标体系。采用层次分析法、区域综合法及格网GIS技术,对评价体系中各指标进行10 m×10 m尺度下的格网化表达,运用栅格数据的空间叠加方法及生态系统敏感性评价模型,综合评价雷山县生态系统敏感性空间格局。结果表明:雷山县生态系统敏感性较高,其中非敏感区和轻度敏感区面积较小,仅占总面积的5%和13.4%;其次是中度敏感区和极度敏感区,分别占总面积的26.3%和17%;高度敏感区面积最大,占总面积的38.3%。 相似文献
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针对酸溶态占比高的Cr(Ⅵ)污染土壤还原解毒不彻底、后期易返黄的问题,确定了水溶态Cr(Ⅵ)快速还原、酸溶态Cr(Ⅵ)长效缓释还原的修复思路。试验考察了单独添加硫铁矿对Cr(Ⅵ)处理的效果,并采用FeSO4·7H2O、硫铁矿分步还原法探究处理后污染土壤的长效稳定性,进行了540 d的长期监测。结果表明:FeSO4·7H2O还原药剂长效性较差,在自然环境中容易发生氧化,失去还原效能,无法完全还原缓慢释放的酸溶态Cr(Ⅵ),有必要加入长效还原缓释药剂对酸溶态Cr(Ⅵ)进行持续还原。硫铁矿单独修复水溶态Cr(Ⅵ)为主的污染土壤,在添加20%的硫铁矿,反应14 d的条件下,土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)浸出浓度降至30.4 mg/L。采用FeSO4·7H2O和硫铁矿分步还原酸溶态Cr(Ⅵ)污染土壤,先加入2%的FeSO4·7H2O,养护3 d后再加入3%的硫铁矿反应27 d,Cr(Ⅵ)浸出浓度即降至0.29 mg/L,加入5%的硫铁矿,反应4 d后Cr(Ⅵ)浸出浓度即可降至0.43 mg/L,之后Cr(Ⅵ)浸出浓度保持稳定。经过540 d的长期监测未发现浸出浓度有上升情况。 相似文献
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Jay N. Meegoda Wiwat Kamolpornwijit 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(2):159-166
As species we humans generate excessive amounts of waste and hence for sustainability we should explore innovative ways to
recover them. The primary objective of this study is to demonstrate an efficient and optimum way to recover chromium and iron
from chromite ore processing residues (COPR) for the production of chrome steel and stainless steel. In Hudson County, New
Jersey, there are more than two million tons of leftover COPR. Part of COPR was used as fill materials for construction sites,
which spread the problem to a larger area. With high solubility along with their toxicity leached chromate from COPR is threatening
the environment as well as human health. In this research, COPR was thermally treated to recover iron with chromium by applying
techniques used in steel manufacturing. An extensive experimental program was performed using a Thermo-Gravimetric Analyzer
(TGA) and bench scale tests to thermally treat the processed chromium contaminated soils with carbon and sand at varying temperatures
and under reducing environment. The optimum chemical composition of COPR and additives to be used in the melts were evaluated
based upon the thermodynamic properties of the mixture to ensure good phase separation, least amounts of iron and chromium
oxides in the slag and minimum variability of final product (steel or iron with chromium). The impact of other oxides on the
steel making process was evaluated to minimize the adverse impact on the process. The research demonstrated the feasibility
of recovering a valuable construction material (chrome steel) from a waste (COPR). 相似文献
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六价铬还原细菌Bacillus cereus S5.4还原机理及酶学性质研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
从宝钢电镀污泥中分离得到1株六价铬还原细菌Bacillus cereus S5.4,在液体LB培养基中培养72 h完全还原2 mmol/L Cr6+.测定该菌株六价铬还原后细胞内外六价铬和总铬浓度,检测细胞各组分六价铬还原能力,并结合扫描电镜分析六价铬还原前后细胞形态的变化.结果表明,细菌的细胞壁膜能阻止六价铬进入细胞,是六价铬发生还原的主要场所,其通透性的改变将影响六价铬还原酶的作用;该菌株六价铬还原酶为非分泌型,在细菌细胞内侧发生作用.测定六价铬还原酶活性和稳定性:其最适温度范围25~37℃,最适pH 7,Cu2+有增强六价铬还原酶活性的作用;在37℃,该菌株六价铬还原酶Km为125.61 μmol/L,Vmax为7.68 nmol/(min·mg). 相似文献
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为了更好地降低我国地下水中六价铬污染给公众的健康带来的危害,本研究以渗透反应墙为处理地下水六价铬污染的主要方法,沸石和零价铁为反应材料,结合沸石虽价格低廉,但经长时间运行后吸附的六价铬有可能发生解吸,零价铁虽能完全去除六价铬但成本很高的特点,研发出了斜发沸石和零价铁的复合材料,以作为渗透反应墙的填充材料.研发主要分三个步骤:1)遴选出吸附效果较好的斜发沸石;2)确定最优表面活性剂及最优施用浓度;3)确定沸石与零价铁的复合工艺方法.最终方案为斜发沸石、六烷基三甲基溴化铵、还原铁粉、斜发沸石粉和超纯水按比例均匀混合后加热至90℃.由此制得的复合材料,具有良好的反应性能和便于装填的形状,生产成本也比较低廉,可以作为修复六价铬污染的反应墙填充材料. 相似文献