苏胶地体榴辉岩相岩石中流体包裹体的初步研究

高压低温变质岩的流体包裹体研究程度很低。本文选择苏胶地体四个有代表性的榴辉岩相岩石：蓝晶石英钟榴辉岩、石英榴辉岩、蓝晶石石英岩和绿帘石石英脉作了初步研究。研究结果表明：各类榴辉岩相岩石的流体包裹体均程度不同地发生了次生变化．未发现原生包裹体。蓝晶石榴辉岩中的石英包裹体表现为变质峰期的流体成分特征：均—温度较高、冰点相对较低、成分复杂多样，具深源特征；而其它样品则代表退变质阶段之产物：成分简单、盐度较小，且不含碳质包裹体。     

苏胶地体内榴辉岩的成因环境探讨

本文重点论述了苏胶地体内榴辉岩的四种产出形态，从岩石化学特点，微量元素的分馏及稀土元素富集或亏损等规律用六种以上的方法判别了不同产状榴辉岩的原岩性质；同时从区域变质环境、共生矿物、阳离子配位系数的相关性等方面，分析估算了榴辉岩相变质事件的Pt条件，以及后成碱性闪石榴辉岩产生的Pt条件，并同世界各地碱性闪石榴辉岩的成因作了广泛对比，概括了榴辉岩的成因环境等重大地质问题。     

碱性闪石类质同象的向量空间

用结构分析法确定闪石中阳离子的占位已为人们所熟知，本文采用44个碱性闪石的化学分析数据，通过逐步回归分析，从统计学的角度来分析碱性闪石各晶位中阳离子占位率之间的相关性，从而进一步探讨其类质同象的规律，分析表明：碱性问石中作为独立变量的阳离子并非如通常认为的多而杂，如果把碱性闪石类质同象看成一个随机线性向量，则其空间的维数很可能小于10，上述理论计算同时还表明：1．有可能直接用化学分析结果按概率方法对闪石进行定名；2.有可能选择X射线粉末图大于10条特征峰的强度作统计分析来估算闪石中阳离子的占位率。     

新疆香山铜镍矿区热液作用性质及其成矿潜力研究

香山铜镍矿床位于东天山土墩-黄山-图拉尔根铜镍矿带中部,具有较好的铜、镍资源前景。矿区内热液作用发育,出现大量蚀变矿物、含金属硫化物的石英/方解石脉状矿石贯穿基性岩石。通过对蚀变矿物特征、石英/方解石中流体包裹体、金属硫化物成分等研究,探讨热液作用性质及其成矿意义。研究表明,岩石蚀变矿物主要为蛇纹石(两个世代)、纤闪石、绿泥石和黑云母等,说明热液流体具有多阶段特征,含有一定量的卤素挥发分;矿石蚀变矿物主要为针镍矿、紫硫镍矿、红砷镍矿、辉砷钴矿等,说明热液流体的硫逸度逐渐增高;脉状矿石中,石英/方解石中以富液相流体包裹体为主,其大小为4~12μm,气液比5~15%之间,均一温度峰值为200~240℃,表明热液流体具有中高温性质。在对比邻区热液矿床流体包裹体特征和硫同位素组成的基础上,认为香山铜镍矿区内热液作用可能为与含铜镍拉斑玄武质岩浆相关的中高温热液事件,它具有富集Pt、Ag和Au的潜力。     

挪威西部卑尔根弧地壳深部剪切带内流体控制的麻粒岩的榴辉岩化

在加里东造山运动过程中,波罗的地盾西缘的大部分发生了破裂、板片化和堆叠。加里东期的变形作用导致了陆壳的山体加厚。镁铁质麻粒岩和麻粒岩相变斜长岩构成了挪威西南部卑尔根弧地体的大部分。这些岩石代表了典型的前寒武大陆的下地壳。在加里东造山旋回中,这些岩石受堆叠和地壳增厚的影响,发生了广泛的榴辉岩化。榴辉岩形成于剪切变形作用及与之伴生的富H_2O流体的渗滤作用。在早期,榴辉岩相矿物生成于张性破裂(脉)中。这些脉体可能与输送流体相的水致破裂系统有关。在主期,榴辉岩化沿剪切带出现,厚度从几厘米到几十米不等。生成榴辉岩的反应表现为消耗H_2O和碱质,释放出SiO_2。释放出的SiO_2大部分见于晚期石英脉系中。榴辉岩化发生的温度大约为700℃,压力为18～21kbar(1bar=10~5Pa)。流体渗滤作用得到反应过程中岩石体积减少(△V_固<0)的支持。尽管榴辉岩化过程中有水化反应,但反应过程的岩石体积改变量为负值。由麻粒岩形成榴辉岩过程中大约每100cm~3原始麻粒岩可产生15KJ的热量。下地壳部分水化对区域温度影响的数字模拟表明,这些过程不可能引起大的地温扰动。从区域规模看,流体相对流引起的热和物质的迁移都可以忽略不计。     

阿根廷中部拉斯查克拉斯岩基中罗德奥-德洛斯莫耶斯稀土元素和钍矿床的流体包裹体研究

罗德奥-德洛斯莫耶斯稀土元素(REE)和钍矿床位于阿根廷中部东潘帕所草原山脉(Sierras Pampeanas)南段拉斯查克拉斯-波德拉斯科罗拉达斯岩基的花岗质岩石中。矿化产于沿复式岩基东北边缘展布的长条形碱长花岗岩(白岗岩)岩体(2km×0.6km)中。白岗岩周围的岩石主要是羔云二长花岗岩。白岗岩及其内分布有限的石英碱长正长岩都是由二长花岗岩的晚期结晶相通过热液蚀变而形成的。REE矿物主要是铈族矿物,包括铈硅磷灰石和褐帘石,这两种矿物在局部都被氟碳铈矿或水氟碳钙钍矿交代。这些矿物与石英、萤石、霓辉石、榍石和Fe-Ti氧化物一起呈团块状产于细晶质-似伟晶质石英碱长正长岩中。铀钍石与第二世代萤石和少量Mn-Ba氧化物一起(但没有见到铈矿化),呈团块状产于白岗岩中,或者产于石英充填的晶洞中。 石英和萤石中的流体包裹体研究表明,开放系统流体的运移和流体与容矿岩石二长花岗岩的相互作用具有复杂的历史。使REE矿化、石英沉淀、二长花岗岩蚀变为白岗岩和石英碱长正长岩的流体具有较高的温度(石英中流体包裹体的均一温度为356—535℃),中等的盐度(15-25 eq.wt％NaCl)。萤石中原生包裹体和次生包裹体中存在的CO_2-H_2O混合流体(X_(co)。=0.13—0.07),是引起氟碳铈矿交代铈硅磷石灰-褐帘石,方解石交代榍石、?     

碱性闪石12种阳离子占位度的X射线衍射测定

对所收集的４７个碱性闪石结构数据计算出理论Ｘ射线粉末图，同时实测出５个碱 性闪石样品的粉末图及其晶体化学占位，从这５２个样品的Ｘ射线衍射圈中选出１８条特征衍射 强度，将强度比值与各晶位各阳离子占位用多元统计分析统计出经验公式，以之作为估算未知 样品各阳离子占位的线性模型。回代实践表明，本线性模型具有较钙质闪石更高的可靠性与精 确度。预测５个实测样品的晶体化学类型与原定名对比完全符合，准确度达１００％。按国际分 类表纠正个别样品原定名的错误。在１２种阳离子占位中，估算的准确度有８种大于９０％，３种 近于９０％！唯有Ｔ位Ｓｉ的准确度仅６６％，这可能是因为所选样品中Ｔ位基本上为Ｓｉ占位，其 占位数均超过 ７．５，占位度均大于 ０.９，总变化幅度小从而降低其相关性。因 ５２个样品中，也包 含钠钙闪石亚族，故对整个闪石族用Ｘ射线衍射估算阳离子占位的问题已基本解决。     

钙质闪石晶体化学类型的X-射线粉末法判定

闪石族矿物是成分和结构最复杂的造岩矿物之一.至今,闪石族的晶体化学类型只能以化学方法为主,同时结合穆斯堡尔及X射线结构分析的结果来判别。Zussman,J.在1955年就已否定了用X-射线粉末数据来估算闪石的成分的任何可能性.他认为:由于闪石族矿物的阳离子晶位有七种之多(含T位),每个晶位都存在着至少三种不同元素离     

青岛花岗岩类复式岩基的同位素地球化学研究(摘要)

<正> 青岛花岗岩类复式岩基位于山东省青岛市东北,构造上处于鲁东隆起区胶莱拗陷之东缘。对该复式岩基的野外勘察及岩石化学研究表明,本区花岗岩类主要包括以浮山岩体为代表的黑云母钾长花岗岩,出露于青岛市—马山前一带的碱长花岗岩以及以崂山岩体和白庙岩体为代表的晶洞碱性花岗岩三个部分。其中,碱长花岗岩与碱性花岗岩同属于A型花岗岩,主要区别在于碱性花岗岩含有碱性暗色矿物,而碱     

复式橄榄岩捕虏体中的CO_2-CO流体包裹体:对上地幔氧逸度的意义

<正> 本文所研究的流体包裹体体,产于美国内华达州月坑火山区的复式捕虏体中。该捕虏体是一个被中长石-闪石岩脉切割的含闪石的异剥橄榄岩体。采用显微测温术和显微激光喇曼光谱法对该捕虏体这两个组成部分中单个流体包裹体的组成进行了测定。主岩(即异剥橄榄岩)中的流体成分几乎为纯CO_2(>99摩尔％),而岩脉中的流体其CO_2中则含8.5—12摩尔     

Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Effect of sorbed and desorbed Zn(Ⅱ) on the growth of a green alga (Chlorella pyrenoidosa)

Toxic effect of Zn(Ⅱ) on a green alga (Chlorella pyrenoidasa) in the presence of sepiolite and kaolinite was investigated.The Zn-free clays were found to have a negative impact on the growth of C.pyrenoidosa in comparison with control samples (without adding any clay or Zn(Ⅱ)).When Zn(Ⅱ) was added,the algae in the presence of clays could be better survived than the control samples,which was actually caused by a decrease in Zn(Ⅱ) concentration in the solution owing to the adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ) on the clays.When the solution system was diluted,the growth of algae could be further inhibited as compared to that in a system which had the same initial Zn(Ⅱ) concentration as in the diluted system.This in fact resulted from desorption of Zn(Ⅱ) from the zinc-contaminated clays,although the effect varied according to the different desorption capabilities of sepiolite and kaolinite.Therefore the adsorption and desorption processes of Zn(Ⅱ) played an important part in its toxicity,and adsorption and desorption of pollutants on soils/sediments should be well considered in natural eco-environmental systems before their risk of toxicity to aquatic organisms was assessed objectively.