浅谈建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测工作中存在的问题及对策

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测工作,是建设项目环境管理中的重要组成部分,在建设项目管理工作的发展过程中,发挥了重要的作用。目前,我国的建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测工作还存在一定的问题,需要建设单位和监测人员针对这些问题,制定有效的对策,并不断的提出新的整改、落实或者进一步完善的建议,提高建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测水平,促进建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测工作的发展。     

建设项目竣工环保验收监测现场勘查注意事项

建设项目竣工环保验收监测工作程序主要为:全面了解相关验收资料、现场勘察、编写和审核环保验收监测方案、环保验收现场监测、编制环保验收监测报告。在这五个步骤中,现场勘查是环保验收监测工作的基础。通过现场勘查才能确定建设项目验收监测的范围并确定验收监测内容、验收执行标准并反映在验收监测方案与报告中。本文详细介绍了建设项目竣工环保验收监测现场勘查注意事项,确保环保验收工作准确有效地进行。     

试论建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测工作在环保验收工作中发挥着重要作用,验收监测是执行"三同时"制度的重要部分,验收监测或调查结果是环境保护主管部门的验收依据,对预防环境污染及环境保护有重要意义。目前,建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测工作方面还存在一些问题,如监管不到位,技术及素质无法满足要求等,需要从各个方面进行努力,完善我国建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测工作。     

浅谈建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测工作的程序

结合实际建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测工作,分别从验收监测的准备工作、现场踏勘工作、监测分析工作、报告编写及审核等环节简述了建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测工作。     

对建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测中几点问题的探讨

对建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测中常遇到的几个问题进行了探讨.就验收监测前期的调查工作,监测期间监测工况的把握,建设项目竣工验收监测的具体内容和时间的确定,验收后的监督监测,以及监测人员的素质和工作责任心等方面进行了剖析.有助于提高建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测的准确性、科学性、可靠性,更好地为环境管理服务.     

建设项目环境保护竣工验收监测工作中的几点体会

总结几年来建设项目环境保护竣工验收监测工作实践,阐明了验收监测工作的几点体会。就建设项目竣工验收监测中的几个细节问题进行探讨,并结合国家有关法律法规、监测技术规范和标准,提出解决问题的方法,有助于提高环保验收监测技术水平,更好地为环境管理服务,对开展建设项目环境保护验收工作有一定的参考作用。     

环保验收监测应把握的关节点

环保验收是对项目在建设过程中执行环保法律、法规情况的最终检查。因而验收工作在建设项目环境管理过程中,有着非常重要的地位和作用。 验收监测是环保竣工验收的前期工作和基础。多年来环保验收监测工作为建设项目竣工环境保护验收提供了技术支持、技术监督和技术服务。是落实建设项目“三同时”制度的重要环节。验收监测工作是对企业污染源的首次监测。要做好环保验收监测工作。应把握好几个关节点。     

完善管理制度保证建设项目竣工验收监测质量

验收监测作为建设项目环境保护竣工验收的重要组成部分,在项目验收中发挥着重要的技术支持作用,为项目管理提供科学的监测技术支持。总结建设项目竣工验收监测实际工作经验,阐述建设项目竣工验收监测中完善公众参与制度、项目负责人制度、风险防范制度等一系列管理制度,进一步保证建设项目环境保护竣工验收监测质量。     

建设项目竣工环保验收监测环节问题及优化

本文针对建设项目环保竣工验收监测工作中常见问题的分析,提出了优化建设项目竣工环保验收监测工作的建议,对提升环保验收监测工作质量和效率具有积极的现实意义。     

浅谈建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测中若干问题

随着经济高速发展,近年来,我国建设项目迅猛增加。环境保护验收监测的工作内容主要是对建设项目污染物达标情况进行监测,并对环保管理执行情况进行检查。验收监测在建设项目环境保护管理中有着积极的作用,本文就建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测过程中常见问题展开分析。     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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