支持绿色金融体系建设的项目绿色评估方法研究

自2016年《关于构建绿色金融体系的指导意见》和首份《G20绿色金融综合报告》发布以来,中外绿色金融市场均呈现出体量迅速增加、产品快速迭代、创新稳步推进的总体特征。在实践层面,随着市场对绿色金融本质的思考逐渐深入,绿色金融的可持续发展对"环境端"支持与服务的需求日益凸显,尤其是关于绿色评估方法的探讨。本文在大量研究与调研的基础上,提出了支持绿色金融体系建设的项目绿色评估方法,探索建立了融合气候变化和可持续发展要素的预评估机制、评估和信息披露指标体系以及服务投融资全流程管理的系统性评估方法,意在从"环境端"服务绿色金融体系建设,支持绿色金融业务环境风险评估与环境效益管理,保障绿色金融市场的健康、可持续发展。     

以绿色金融促进供给侧结构性改革

发展绿色金融与当前供给侧改革的重要任务密不可分,我国绿色产业发展及融资存在过剩产能行业信贷资金占比较高,"僵尸企业"杠杆率过高导致金融风险隐患凸显,绿色产业发展存在融资渠道窄、成本高等问题。建立健全绿色金融体系,需关注产能过剩行业可能引发的金融风险;发展并健全绿色金融体系;建立绿色金融的激励约束机制,弥补经济发展短板,加快供给侧结构性改革。     

美丽中国建设背景下的绿色产业发展研究

在当前我国产业转型升级的大背景下,绿色产业成为我国培育新动能的重要渠道,是推动供给侧结构性改革的重要途径,是建设生态文明的必由之路。本文对国外绿色产业发展经验进行了总结,在分析我国绿色产业发展的现状和存在问题的基础上,提出加快制定适合我国国情的绿色产业发展战略、建立系统有效的绿色金融体系、完善绿色发展的供地政策、强化技术创新和专业人才培养、积极参与全球环境治理等方面的建议,为进一步推动我国绿色产业发展,建设美丽中国提供参考。     

绿色金融:确保环境治理投资有效供给

正绿色金融旨在应对环境危机,研究如何使用多样化的金融工具保护环境,将成为未来银行业金融机构转型发展的重要方向。近年来我国绿色金融服务发展迅速,2015年金融机构发放的绿色信贷规模超过70000亿元;截至2016年8月底,我国境内绿色债券发行总规模已经超过1400亿元。但在法律保障、政策环境、激励机制、专业人才、产品和服务创新等方面仍面临一系列挑战。完善我国绿色金融体系,需建立健全绿色信贷、债券、基金等政策,制定     

浅析中国绿色债券市场的现状及完善措施

<正>绿色经济已经成为中国经济社会发展的基本理念之一,"绿色金融"作为绿色经济的重要支柱,战略地位日益凸显。2016年8月,中国人民银行等七部委联合发布《关于构建绿色金融体系的指导意见》,将发展绿色金融提升为国家战略。绿色债券,作为绿色金融的重要内容之一,从2015年开始在我国金融市场迅速扩张。2016年下半年,国家发改委颁布了《绿色债券发行指引》(简称《指引》),明     

构建绿色金融体系亟需解决的关键问题

正党的十八大以来,伴随"绿色发展理念"的不断深入,中国绿色金融呈现出全面提速的良好态势,目前,生态文明写入宪法更将助推绿色金融的全面发展。目前中国已成为全球首个确立了比较完整的绿色金融顶层设计的经济体,绿色金融市场逐渐完善、业务种类日益丰富、产品规模不断扩大、国际合作不断加强,绿色金融体系正在不断成熟。然而,在绿色金融体系     

绿色金融:为经济转型升级注入绿色动能

正绿色金融是指金融部门将环保、节能、低碳作为投融资决策的考虑依据,通过金融产品和服务来推动经济社会和金融业自身的可持续发展。发展绿色金融是实现绿色发展的重要推动力量,也是供给侧结构性改革的重要内容。当前,绿色金融已上升为国家战略,《国家"十三五"规划纲要》明确提出"构建绿色金融体系"的目标;2016年8月,中国人民银行等七部委印发《关于构建绿色金融体系的指导意见》,中国成为全球首个由政府推动并发布     

我国绿色债券环境信息披露的完善路径分析

绿色债券是兼具环境效益和经济效益的新型债券,是绿色金融体系的重要组成部分。绿色债券环境效益的实质应是以环境容量为基础的新型财产权。从这一权利的属性出发,环境信息披露对于绿色债券发债主体内化成本、投资者破解信息不对称和监管机构监督绿色产业都具有重要意义,但当前绿色债券环境信息披露制度在披露标准、披露内容、环境效益披露等方面依然存在问题。因此需要针对这些问题从建立强制披露机制、统一披露标准、明确环境效益计算标准和引入第三方认证等方面加以完善。     

绿色金融:环境质量改善新手段

正绿色发展已经成为"十三五"乃至更长时期我国经济社会发展的一个基本理念。绿色金融体系能够引导和激励更多社会资金投入到环保、节能、清洁能源、清洁交通等绿色产业,从而实现经济绿色发展。作为实现绿色发展的重要措施,绿色金融越来越受到重视。李克强总理曾在2016年的政府工作报告中指出,深化金融体制改革,大力发展绿色金融。"十三五"时期,国家将以改善环境质量为核心,打好大气、水、土壤污染防治"三大战役"。环境治理任务繁重,环保投资需求巨大。要在"十三五"期间实现环境质量改善目标和指标,     

国内外绿色信贷的实践路径

相对于传统的信贷管理,＂绿色信贷＂机制的核心在于其把环境与社会责任融入到了商业银行的贷款政策、贷款文化和贷款管理流程之中。绿色信贷的本质则在于正确处理金融业与可持续发展的关系,表现为生态保护、生态建设和绿色产业融资,构建新的金融体系和完善金融工具。     

Evaluation of phytoextracting cadmium and lead by sunflower, ricinus, alfalfa and mustard in hydroponic culture

Soil contaminated with heavy metals cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)is hard to be remediated.Phytoremediation may be a feasible method to remove toxic metals from soil,but there are few suitable plants which can hyperaccumulate metals.In this study,Cd and Pb accumulation by four plants including sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.),mustard(Brassica juncea L.),alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.), ricinus(Ricinus communis L.)in hydroponic cultures was compared.Results showed that these plants could phytocxtract heavy metals, the ability of accumulation differed with species,concentrations and categories of heavy metals.Values of BCF(bioconcentration factor)and TF(translocation factor)indicated that four species had dissimilar abilities of phytoextraction and transportation of heavy metals.Changes on the biomass of plants,pH and Eh at different treatments revealed that these four plants had distinct responses to Cd and Pb in cultures.Measurements should be taken to improve the phytoremediation of sites contaminated with heavy metals,such as pH and Eh regulations,and so forth.     

Oxidation of As(Ⅲ) by potassium permanganate

The oxidation of As(Ⅲ) with potassium permanganate was studied under conditions including pH, initial As(Ⅲ) concentration and dosage of Mn(Ⅶ). The results have shown that potassium permanganate was an effective agent for oxidizing of As(Ⅲ) in a wide pH range. The pH value of tested water was not a significant factor affecting the oxidation of As(Ⅲ) by Mn(Ⅶ). Although theoretical redox analyses suggest that Mn(Ⅶ) should have better performance in oxidization of As(Ⅲ) within lower pH ranges, the experimental results show that the oxidation efficiencies of As(Ⅲ) under basic and acidic conditions were similar, which may be due to the adsorption of As(Ⅲ) on the Mn(OH)2 and MnO2 resulting from the oxidation of As(Ⅲ).     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Chlorobenzenes in waterweeds from the Xijiang River （Guangdong section） of the Pearl River

The Xijiang River is the major source of water for about 4.5 millions of urban population and 28.7 millions of rural population. The water quality is very important for the health of the rural population. The concentration and distribution of chlorobenzenes (CBs) in both water and waterweeds collected from 4 stations in the Xijiang River (Gangdong section) of the Pearl River in April and November were determined. The result showed that nearly every congener of CBs was detected. The total contents of CBs (∑CBs) in the river water ranged from 111.1 to 360.0 ng/L in April and from 151.9 to 481.7 ng/L in November, respectively. The pollution level of CBs in the water in April was higher than that in November. The contents of ∑ CBs in waterweeds ranged from 13.53×102 μg/g to 38.27×102μg/g dry weight (dw). There was no significant difference between April and November in waterweeds. The distribution of CBs in roots, caulis, and leaves of Vallisneria spiralis L. showed different patterns. The leaves mainly contained low-molecular-weight CBs(DCBs), whereas the roots accumulated more PCBs and HCBs. The average lgBCFlip (bioconcentration factor) of CBs ranged from 0.64 to 3.57 in the waterweeds. The spatial distribution character of CBs in the Xijiang River was: Fengkai County ＜ Yunan County ＜Yun'an County ＜ Gaoyao County according to the ∑CBs, and the pollution deteriorated from the upstream to the downstream of the Xijiang River. Further analysis demonstrated that the discharge of waste containing CBs may be the main source of CBs pollution in the Xijiang River.     

Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol with a novel TiO2/Ti-Fe-graphite felt photoelectrocatalytic oxidation process

Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP)was studied in a novel three-electrode photoelectrocatalytic(PEC)integrative oxidation process,and the factors influencing the degradation rate,such as applied current,flow speed of O_2,pH,adscititious voltage and initial 2,4-DCP concentration were investigated and optimized.H_2O_2 was produced nearby cathode and Fe~(2 )continuously generated from Fe anode in solution when current and O_2 were applied,so,main reactions,H_2O_2-assisted TiO_2 PEC oxidation and E-Fenton reaction,occurred during degradation of 2,4-DCP in this integrative system.The degradation ratio of 2,4-DCP was 93% in this integrative oxidation process,while it was only 31% in E-Fenton process and 46% in H_2O_2-assisted TiO_2 PEC process.So,it revealed that the degradation of 2,4-DCP was improved greatly by photoelectrical cooperation effect.By the investigation of pH,it showed that this integrative process could work well in a wide pH range from pH 3 to pH 9.     

Effect of copper on the degradation of pesticides cypermethrin and cyhalothrin

The influence of coexisting copper (Cu) ion on the degradation of pesticides pyrethroid cypermethrin and cyhalothrin in soil and photodegradation in water system were studied.Serial concentrations of the pesticides with the addition of copper ion were spiked in the soil and incubated for a regular period of time,the analysis of the extracts from the soil was carried out using gas chromatography (GC).The photodegradation of pyrethroids in water system was conducted under UV irradiation.The effect of Cu~(2 ) on the pesticides degradation was measured with half life (t_(0.5)) of degradation.It was found that a negative correlation between the degradation of the pyrethroid pesticides in soil and Cu addition was observed.But Cu~(2 ) could accelerate photodegradation of the pyrethroids in water.The t_(0.5) for cyhalothrin extended from 6.7 to 6.8 d while for cypermethrin extended from 8.1 to 10.9 d with the presence of copper ion in soil.As for photodegradation,t_(0.5) for cyhalothrin reduced from 173.3 to 115.5 rain and for cypermethrin from 115.5 to 99.0 min.The results suggested that copper influenced the degradation of the pesticides in soil by affecting the activity of microorganisms.However, it had catalyst tendency for photodegradation in water system.The difference for the degradation efficiency of pyrethroid isomers in soil was also observed.Copper could obviously accelerate the degradation of some special isomers.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.