石家庄市今年起执行新的锅炉大气污染物排放标准

随着《石家庄市锅炉大气污染物排放标准》的制定出台,从2008年1月1日起,石家庄市整个行政辖区内执行新的锅炉大气污染物排放地方标准。《石家庄市锅炉大气污染物排放标准》规定的全市锅炉烟尘、二氧化硫的排放浓度限值将更严于现行的国家《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》（GB13271—2001）。     

某成型生物质锅炉技改前后大气污染物排放情况及污染防治措施探讨

根据某成型生物质锅炉技改项目环境保护竣工验收资料,对技改前后两种治理方法对大气污染物排放状况的影响进行了分析,通过不同大气污染防治措施对比,可知碱性+水膜除尘法除尘效果较差,不能满足《GB13271-2014锅炉大气污染物排放标准》中的污染物排放限值;旋风除尘+布袋除尘法处理可以达到《GB13271-2014锅炉大气污染物排放标准》中的污染物排放限值。     

热风炉大气污染物适用排放标准

本文从热风炉的定义、分类、特性、行业标准等方面进行分析,并从热风炉大气污染物适用的有关地方排放标准加以应证,提出热风炉大气污染物适用排放标准应按照GB13271-2001《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》执行。     

浅谈《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》

对GWPB3-1999《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》结构特点进行探讨。将GWPB-3-1999与GB13271-91进行比较。对GWPB3-1999中燃轻柴油炉排放污染物的项目增减提出建议，对锅炉排放监测工况提出看法。     

乌鲁木齐市集中供热锅炉烟气达标对策分析

为改善乌鲁木齐市冬季大气环境质量,乌鲁木齐市实施了地方标准《燃煤锅炉大气污染物排放标准》(DB65/2154-2004).针对乌鲁木齐市现有集中供热锅炉,根据相关监测统计资料和乌鲁木齐市用煤现状及拟用煤情况,计算了大气污染物的排放状况,讨论了大气污染物达到地方标准的可行性并提出了相应的对策.     

轻型汽车和砖瓦工业大气污染物排放新标准发布

为贯彻落实《大气污染防治行动计划》,通过制订、修订重点行业排放标准“倒逼”产业转型升级,最近环境保护部会同国家质检总局发布了《轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法（中国第五阶段）》（GB18352．5-2013）（以下简称国五标准）和《砖瓦工业大气污染物排放标准》（GB29620-2013）两项国家大气污染物排放标准。与现行的国家第四阶段轻型汽车污染物排放标准相比,国五标准进一步提高了排放控制要求,其中氮氧化物排放限值严格了25％-28％、颗粒物排放限值严格了82％。并增加了污染控制新指标颗粒物粒子数量。     

应用大气污染物排放标准易混淆和忽视的问题

以《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》(GB13271-2001)、《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》(GB13223-1996)等几个相关标准为实例,对标准的适用范围、过量空气系数折算、烟囱设置规定和锅炉房容量等易混淆和忽视的问题进行比较分析,对正确执行标准具有极大帮助。     

浅谈锅炉测试过程中含氧量的影响

近年来大气污染治理速度的加快,对工业炉窑排放的大气污染物治理显得更为紧迫。2014年7月1日开始实施新的《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》GB13271-2004,该标准比GB13271-2001对各项污染物的浓度限值要求更高,但无论限值是多少,最后都要用根据对污染物的监测来确定,而最终的排放标准都是根据过剩空气系数(GB13271-2001)或含氧量来进行最后折算的排放浓度。因此在锅炉大气污染物测试中含氧量或过剩空气系数的测定值就显得尤为重要。本文分析烟尘测试中含氧量对锅炉污染物排放浓度的影响,以及测试过程中影响含氧量的原因。     

在大气环境影响评价中关于标准应用问题的思考

《环境空气质量标准》（GB3095－1996）和《大气污染物综合排放标准》（GB16297－1996）实施后，结合在大气环境影响评价工作中遇到的有关问题，进行了粗浅的探讨。     

烟气联合除尘脱硫脱硝技术在燃煤供暖锅炉烟气治理中的应用研究

当前,对于北方地区燃煤供暖锅炉大气污染物排放控制,已经成为冬季大气污染治理的关键,文章根据北方地区燃煤供暖锅炉的实际特点,研制出一种烟气联合除尘脱硫脱硝技术及一体化装置,并进行了实际应用试验,得到了相对良好的效果,各污染物排放浓度满足《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》(GB13271-2014)相关排放浓度限值要求。     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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Organochlorine pesticides in soils under different land usage in the Taihu Lake region, China

A field study was conducted in the Taihu Lake region, China in 2004 to reveal the organochlorine pesticide concentrations in soils after the ban of these substances in the year 1983. Thirteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in soils from paddy field, tree land and fallow land. Total organochlorine pesticide residues were higher in agricultural soils than in uncultivated fallow land soils. Among all the pesticides, ΣDDX (DDD, DDE and DDT) had the highest concentration for all the soil samples, ranging from 3.10 ng/g to 166.55 ng/g with a mean value of 57.04 ng/g and followed by ΣHCH, ranging from 0.73 ng/g to 60.97 ng/g with a mean value of 24.06 ng/g. Dieldrin, endrin, HCB and α-endosulfan were also found in soils with less than 15 ng/g. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT in soils under three land usages were: paddy field ＞ tree land ＞ fallow land, indicating that land usage inlfuenced the degradation of DDT in soils. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT ＞1, showing aged residues of DDTs in soils of the Taihu Lake region. The results were discussed with data from a former study that showed very low actual concentrations of HCH and DDT in soils in the Taihu Lake region, but according to the chemical half-lives and their concentrations in soils in 1980s, the concentration of DDT in soils seemed to be underestimated. In any case our data show that the ban on the use of HCH and DDT resulted in a tremendous reduction of these pesticide residues in soils, but there are still high amounts of pesticide residues in soils, which need more remediation processes.     

Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.